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Sự tiêu thụ muối và ung thư dạ dày: một phân tích tổng hợp trong Dự án Tổng hợp ung thư dạ dày (StoP)
Tóm tắt
Các nghiên cứu trước đây cho thấy việc tiêu thụ thực phẩm được bảo quản bằng muối làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư dạ dày, trong khi các kết quả về mối liên quan giữa lượng muối tổng cộng hoặc muối thêm vào và ung thư dạ dày ít nhất quán hơn và thay đổi theo mức độ tiếp xúc. Nghiên cứu này nhằm định lượng mối liên hệ giữa mức độ tiếp xúc với muối trong chế độ ăn uống và ung thư dạ dày, bằng cách sử dụng phân tích tổng hợp từ dữ liệu cá nhân của các nghiên cứu tham gia vào Dự án Tổng hợp ung thư dạ dày (StoP). Dữ liệu từ 25 nghiên cứu (10.283 trường hợp và 24.643 đối chứng) từ Dự án StoP với thông tin về sở thích về vị muối (không mùi, bình thường, mặn), sử dụng muối bàn (không bao giờ, thỉnh thoảng, luôn luôn), tổng lượng natri tiêu thụ (thể loại theo gam/ngày), và lượng thực phẩm nhiều muối và thực phẩm bảo quản bằng muối (thể loại theo gam/ngày) đã được sử dụng. Một phương pháp hai giai đoạn dựa trên mô hình ngẫu nhiên đã được sử dụng để tổng hợp các tỷ lệ gãy (tỷ lệ odds điều chỉnh riêng cho giới tính, độ tuổi và các yếu tố nguy cơ ung thư dạ dày) (aORs), cùng với khoảng tin cậy 95% tương ứng (95% CI). Nguy cơ ung thư dạ dày cao hơn đối với sở thích vị mặn (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.25–2.03), luôn sử dụng muối bàn (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16–1.54), và cho thể loại cao nhất của lượng thực phẩm nhiều muối và thực phẩm bảo quản bằng muối (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.51) so với thể loại thấp nhất. Không có mối liên quan đáng kể được quan sát cho thể loại cao nhất so với thể loại thấp nhất của tổng lượng natri tiêu thụ (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.82–1.43). Các kết quả thu được là nhất quán qua các vị trí giải phẫu, các lớp nhiễm Helicobacter pylori, và các đặc điểm về nhân khẩu học, lối sống và nghiên cứu. Sở thích vị mặn, luôn sử dụng muối bàn, và lượng thực phẩm nhiều muối và thực phẩm bảo quản bằng muối cao hơn đã làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư dạ dày, mặc dù mối liên quan này ít mạnh mẽ hơn với tổng lượng natri tiêu thụ.
Từ khóa
#ung thư dạ dày #muối #tiêu thụ thực phẩm #nghiên cứu tổng hợp #nguy cơ sức khoẻTài liệu tham khảo
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