Safety of motorised two wheelers in mixed traffic conditions: Literature review of risk factors

Abaza, 2018, Identifying hazardous roadways and analyzing severity of motorcycle crashes in the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska Abdul Manan, 2017, Road characteristics and environment factors associated with motorcycle fatal crashes in Malaysia, IATSS Research, 42, 207, 10.1016/j.iatssr.2017.11.001 Alm, 1994, Changes in driver behaviour as a function of handsfree mobile phones–a simulator study, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 26, 441, 10.1016/0001-4575(94)90035-3 Amado, 2005, The effects of conversation on attention and peripheral detection: is talking with a passenger and talking on the cell phone different?, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 8, 383, 10.1016/j.trf.2005.05.001 Baldi, 2005, Identifying best practices states in motorcycle rider education and licensing, Journal of Safety Research, 36, 19, 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.11.001 Bayly, 2006 Beanland, 2013, Acceptability of rider assistive systems for powered two-wheelers, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 19, 63, 10.1016/j.trf.2013.03.003 Bhalla, 2007, A risk-based method for modeling traffic fatalities, Risk Analysis, 27, 125, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00864.x Bjornskau, 2012, Traffic safety among motorcyclists in Norway: a study of subgroups and risk factors, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 50, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.051 Blackman, 2013, Comparison of moped, scooter and motorcycle crash risk and crash severity, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 57, 1, 10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.026 Blows, 2003, Vehicle year and the risk of car crash injury, Injury Prevention, 9, 353, 10.1136/ip.9.4.353 Bougard, 2016, Sleepiness, attention and risk of accidents in powered two-wheelers, Sleep Medicine Reviews, 25, 40, 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.006 Cavallo, 2015, Improving car drivers' perception of motorcycle motion through innovative headlight configurations, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 81, 187, 10.1016/j.aap.2015.04.034 Chang, 2007, Motorcyclist accident involvement by age, gender, and risky behaviors in Taipei, Taiwan, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 10, 109, 10.1016/j.trf.2006.08.001 Chen, 2009, Personality, safety attitudes and risky driving behaviors–evidence from young Taiwanese motorcyclists, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 963, 10.1016/j.aap.2009.05.013 Chen, 2011, Speeding for fun? Exploring the speeding behavior of riders of heavy motorcycles using the theory of planned behavior and psychological flow theory, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43, 983, 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.025 Cheng, 2017, Predicting motorcycle crash injury severity using weather data and alternative Bayesian multivariate crash frequency models, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 108, 172, 10.1016/j.aap.2017.08.032 Chiu, 2000, The effect of the Taiwan motorcycle helmet use law on head injuries, American Journal of Public Health, 90, 793, 10.2105/AJPH.90.5.793 Chorlton, 2012, Identifying the psychological determinants of risky riding: an application of an extended theory of planned behaviour, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 142, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.003 Choudhary, 2018, Effects of texting on accident risk during a sudden hazardous event: analysis of predetection and postdetection phases, Traffic Injury Prevention, 19, 1, 10.1080/15389588.2018.1517237 Choudhary, 2019, Effects of phone use on driving performance: a comparative analysis of young and professional drivers, Safety Science, 111, 179, 10.1016/j.ssci.2018.07.009 Chung, 2012, Beyond general behavioral theories: structural discrepancy in young motorcyclist's risky driving behavior and its policy implications, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 165, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.021 Clabaux, 2012, Motorcyclists' speed and “looked-but-failed-to-see” accidents, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 73, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.013 Clabaux, 2014, Powered two-wheeler drivers' risk of hitting a pedestrian in towns, Journal of Safety Research, 51, 1, 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.07.002 Clarke, 2002 Coogan, 2014, Examining behavioral and attitudinal differences among groups in their traffic safety culture, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 303, 10.1016/j.trf.2014.03.005 Craen, 2014, A different perspective on conspicuity related motorcycle crashes, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 63, 133, 10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.027 Crundall, 2012, Why do car drivers fail to give way to motorcycles at T-junctions?, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44, 88, 10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.017 Crundall, 2017, Perceptual training to increase drivers' ability to spot motorcycles at T-junctions, Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour, 48, 1, 10.1016/j.trf.2017.05.003 Crundall, 2008, Perception and appraisal of approaching motorcycles at junctions, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 11, 159, 10.1016/j.trf.2007.09.003 Crundall, 2014, The role of experience and advanced training on performance in a motorcycle simulator, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 73, 81, 10.1016/j.aap.2014.08.009 Cryer, 2001, Investigation of bias after data linkage of hospital admissions data to police road traffic crash reports, Injury Prevention, 7, 234, 10.1136/ip.7.3.234 Dandona, 2006, Risky behavior of drivers of motorized two wheeled vehicles in India, Journal of Safety Research, 37, 149, 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.11.002 Daniello, 2011, Effect of barrier type on injury severity in motorcycle-to-barrier collisions in North Carolina, Texas, and New Jersey, Transportation Research Record, 2262, 144, 10.3141/2262-14 De Oliveira, 2011, Traffic accidents with motorcycles and their relationship to mortality, Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 19, 403, 10.1590/S0104-11692011000200024 De Rome, 2011, Motorcycle protective clothing: protection from injury or just the weather?, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43, 1893, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.027 De Winter, 2010, The driver behaviour questionnaire as a predictor of accidents: a meta-analysis, Journal of Safety Research, 41, 463, 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.007 Duperrex, 2002, Controlled trials a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, British Medical Journal, 324, 1, 10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1129 Eoh, 2005, Electroencephalographic study of drowsiness in simulated driving with sleep deprivation, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 307, 10.1016/j.ergon.2004.09.006 Fuller, 2005, Towards a general theory of driver behaviour, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37, 461, 10.1016/j.aap.2004.11.003 Fylan, 2020, Increasing conspicuity on night-time roads: perspectives from cyclists and runners, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 68, 161, 10.1016/j.trf.2019.11.016 Gabler, 2011, The risk of fatality in motorcycle crashes with roadside barriers Gershon, 2012, Attention and search conspicuity of motorcycles as a function of their visual context, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44, 97, 10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.015 Gould, 2012, Errors in judging the approach rate of motorcycles in nighttime conditions and the effect of an improved lighting configuration, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 432, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.08.012 Green, 2006, A comparison of stopping distance performance for motorcycles equipped with ABS, CBS and conventional hydraulic brake systems Guilhermina, 2012, Effect of vehicle characteristics on crash severity: Portuguese experience, Injury Prevention, 18, 216 Guo, 2015, Role of street patterns in zone-based traffic safety analysis, Journal of Central South University, 22, 2416, 10.1007/s11771-015-2768-3 Haque, 2009, Modeling fault among motorcyclists involved in crashes, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 327, 10.1016/j.aap.2008.12.010 Haworth, 2013, Motorcycle engine capacity may not underlie increased risks, American Journal of Public Health, 103, 1, 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301340 Hosking, 2010, The visual search patterns and hazard responses of experienced and inexperienced motorcycle riders, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42, 196, 10.1016/j.aap.2009.07.023 Hu, 2010, Energy for sustainable road transportation in China: challenges, initiatives and policy implications, Energy, 35, 4289, 10.1016/j.energy.2009.05.024 Hung, 2006, Prevalence of helmet use among motorcycle riders in Vietnam, Injury Prevention, 12, 409, 10.1136/ip.2006.012724 Huth, 2012, Comparison of two warning concepts of an intelligent curve warning system for motorcyclists in a simulator study, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44, 118, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.023 Ivers, 2016, Does an on-road motorcycle coaching program reduce crashes in novice riders? A randomised control trial, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 86, 40, 10.1016/j.aap.2015.10.015 Jamson, 2005 Keall, 2012, Analysis of factors that increase motorcycle rider risk compared to car driver risk, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 23, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.001 Keall, 2013, The potential effectiveness of young driver high-performance vehicle restrictions as used in Australia, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 52, 154, 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.005 Keng, 2005, Helmet use and motorcycle fatalities in Taiwan, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37, 349, 10.1016/j.aap.2004.09.006 Ker, 2005, Post-licence driver education for the prevention of road traffic crashes: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37, 305, 10.1016/j.aap.2004.09.004 Koornstra Kosola, 2016, Driver's education may reduce annual incidence and severity of moped and scooter accidents. A population-based study, Injury, 47, 239, 10.1016/j.injury.2015.10.074 Kumar, 2018, Responsible factors of powered two wheeler accidents: a review Langley, 2000, Motorcycle engine size and risk of moderate to fatal injury from a motorcycle crash, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 32, 659, 10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00101-3 Lardelli-Claret, 2005, Driver dependent factors and the risk of causing a collision for two wheeled motor vehicles, Injury Prevention, 11, 225, 10.1136/ip.2004.006957 Le, 2016, A study of motorcycle lane design in some Asian countries, Procedia Engineering, 142, 292, 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.02.044 Lee, 2017, Differences in gap acceptance for approaching cars and motorcycles at junctions: what causes the size-arrival effect?, Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour, 50, 50, 10.1016/j.trf.2017.07.006 Lewis-Evans, 2009, Task difficulty, risk, effort and comfort in a simulated driving task–implications for risk allostasis theory, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 1053, 10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.011 Lin, 2003, Factors associated with severity of motorcycle injuries among young adult riders, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 41, 783, 10.1067/mem.2003.186 Lin, 2009, A review of risk factors and patterns of motorcycle injuries, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 710, 10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.010 Liu, 2009, Hazard perception abilities of experienced and novice motorcyclists: an interactive simulator experiment, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12, 325, 10.1016/j.trf.2009.04.003 Liu, 2010, Effects of different blood alcohol concentrations and post-alcohol impairment on driving behavior and task performance, Traffic Injury Prevention, 11, 334, 10.1080/15389581003747522 López, 2014, Patterns of single-vehicle crashes on two-lane rural highways in Granada Province, Spain, Transportation Research Record, 2432, 133, 10.3141/2432-16 Marković, 2016, The analysis of influence of individual and environmental factors on 2-wheeled users' injuries, Traffic Injury Prevention, 17, 610, 10.1080/15389588.2015.1132314 Martinussen, 2013, Age, gender, mileage and the DBQ: the validity of the driver behavior questionnaire in different driver groups, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 52, 228, 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.036 Martinussen, 2013, Short and user-friendly: the development and validation of the mini-DBQ, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 50, 1259, 10.1016/j.aap.2012.09.030 McKnight, 1995, The effects of motorcycle helmets upon seeing and hearing, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 27, 493, 10.1016/0001-4575(95)00008-N Mohan, 2010 Møller, 2016, Factors contributing to young moped rider accidents in Denmark, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 87, 1, 10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.008 2016 2017 2018 Moskal, 2012, Risk factors for injury accidents among moped and motorcycle riders, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 5, 10.1016/j.aap.2010.08.021 Musselwhite, 2012, Public attitudes towards motorcyclists' safety: a qualitative study from the United Kingdom, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 105, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.06.005 Ode, 2018, MOPEDS: the high cost of cheap and poorly legislated transportation for negligent drivers, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 117, 121, 10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.023 Oginni, 2009, A prospective multicenter study of injury profile, severity and risk factors in 221 motorcycle-injured nigerian maxillofacial patients, Traffic Injury Prevention, 10, 70, 10.1080/15389580802496968 Özkan, 2012, Motorcycle accidents, rider behaviour, and psychological models, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 124, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.009 Özkan, 2006, Driver behaviour questionnaire: a follow-up study, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38, 386, 10.1016/j.aap.2005.10.012 Pai, 2011, Motorcycle right-of-way accidents—a literature review, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43, 971, 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.024 Pai, 2009, A mixed logit analysis of motorists' right-of-way violation in motorcycle accidents at priority T-junctions, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 565, 10.1016/j.aap.2009.02.007 Pai, 2007, An analysis of motorcyclist injury severity under various traffic control measures at three-legged junctions in the UK, Safety Science, 45, 832, 10.1016/j.ssci.2006.08.021 Pang, 2000, Accident characteristics of injured motorcyclists in Malaysia, The Medical Journal of Malaysia, 55, 45 Patten, 2004, Using mobile telephones: cognitive workload and attention resource allocation, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36, 341, 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00014-9 Pawar, 2020, Modelling braking behaviour and accident probability of drivers under increasing time pressure conditions, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 136, 105401, 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105401 Pešić, 2019, Evaluation of the effects of daytime running lights for passenger cars, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 66, 252, 10.1016/j.trf.2019.09.008 Pinto, 2014, Influence of front light configuration on the visual conspicuity of motorcycles, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 62, 230, 10.1016/j.aap.2013.09.026 Quddus, 2002, An analysis of motorcycle injury and vehicle damage severity using ordered probit models, Journal of Safety Research, 33, 445, 10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00051-8 Ragot-Court, 2012, Risk and threat factors in prior representations of driving situations among powered two-wheeler riders and car drivers, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 96, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.011 Rifaat, 2012, Severity of motorcycle crashes in Calgary, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 44, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.025 Rizzi, 2016, The combined benefits of motorcycle antilock braking systems (ABS) in preventing crashes and reducing crash severity, Traffic Injury Prevention, 17, 297, 10.1080/15389588.2015.1061660 Rizzi, 2015, Effectiveness of motorcycle antilock braking systems (ABS) in reducing crashes, the first cross-national study, Traffic Injury Prevention, 16, 177, 10.1080/15389588.2014.927575 Roberts, 2001, School-based driver education for the prevention of traffic crashes, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2001 Rolison, 2013, Risks of high-powered motorcycles among younger adults, American Journal of Public Health, 103, 568, 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300827 Rowland, 1996, Motorcycle helmet use and injury outcome and hospitalization costs from crashes in Washington State, American Journal of Public Health, 86, 41, 10.2105/AJPH.86.1.41 Rutter, 1996, Age and experience in motorcycling safety, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 28, 15, 10.1016/0001-4575(95)00037-2 Savolainen, 2007, Probabilistic models of motorcyclists' injury severities in single- and multi-vehicle crashes, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39, 955, 10.1016/j.aap.2006.12.016 Sexton Shahar, 2011, Applying the motorcyclist's perspective to improve car drivers' attitudes towards motorcyclists, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43, 1743, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.005 Shahar, 2010, Motorcyclists' and car drivers' responses to hazards, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13, 243, 10.1016/j.trf.2010.04.008 Shaheed, 2015, Factors affecting drivers' ability to detect motorcycles during daylight in a simulated environment, Transportation Research Record, 2520, 143, 10.3141/2520-16 Shankar, 1996, An exploratory multinomial logit analysis of single-vehicle motorcycle accident severity, Journal of Safety Research, 27, 183, 10.1016/0022-4375(96)00010-2 Skalkidou, 1999, Factors affecting motorcycle helmet use in the population of Greater Athens, Greece, Injury Prevention, 5, 264, 10.1136/ip.5.4.264 Sosin, 1990, Head injury–associated deaths from motorcycle crashes: relationship to helmet-use laws, The Journal of the American Medical Association, 264, 2395, 10.1001/jama.1990.03450180059029 Šraml, 2012, Traffic safety analysis of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) in Slovenia, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 36, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.12.013 Strayer, 2004, A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver, Human Factors: the Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 48, 381, 10.1518/001872006777724471 Tagliabue, 2015, Affective components in training to ride safely using a moped simulator, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 35, 132, 10.1016/j.trf.2015.10.018 Taylor, 1964, Drivers' galvanic skin response and the risk of accident, Ergonomics, 7, 439, 10.1080/00140136408930761 Teoh, 2011, Effectiveness of antilock braking systems in reducing motorcycle fatal crash rates, Traffic Injury Prevention, 12, 169, 10.1080/15389588.2010.541308 Theofilatos, 2015, A review of powered-two-wheeler behaviour and safety, International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 22, 284, 10.1080/17457300.2014.908224 Theofilatos, 2018, Examining injury severity of moped and motorcycle occupants with real-time traffic and weather data, Journal of Transportation Engineering Part A: Systems, 144 Törnros, 2005, Mobile phone use–effects of handheld and handsfree phones on driving performance, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37, 902, 10.1016/j.aap.2005.04.007 Törnros, 2006, Mobile phone use–effects of conversation on mental workload and driving speed in rural and urban environments, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9, 298, 10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.008 Torrez, 2008 Truong, 2017, Calling, texting, and searching for information while riding a motorcycle: a study of university students in Vietnam, Traffic Injury Prevention, 18, 593, 10.1080/15389588.2017.1283490 Truong, 2019, Mobile phone related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 132, 105288, 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105288 Tsui, 2009, Misclassification of injury severity among road casualties in police reports, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 84, 10.1016/j.aap.2008.09.005 Tunnicliff, 2012, Understanding the factors influencing safe and unsafe motorcycle rider intentions, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 133, 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.012 Ulleberg, 2003, Personality, attitudes and risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviour among young drivers, Safety Science, 41, 427, 10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00077-7 Underwood, 2007, Visual attention and the transition from novice to advanced driver, Ergonomics, 50, 1235, 10.1080/00140130701318707 Varmazyar, 2014, Factor analysis of driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) in public transportation bus company: investigation of the relationship between DBQ factors and crashes, Scientific Journal of Review, 3, 155 Vernick, 1999, Effect of high school driver education on motor vehicle crashes, violations, and licensure, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 16, 40, 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00115-9 Vidotto, 2015, Long-lasting virtual motorcycle-riding trainer effectiveness, Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1, 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01653 Vlahogianni, 2012, Overview of critical risk factors in power-two-wheeler safety, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 49, 12, 10.1016/j.aap.2012.04.009 Wåhlberg, 2011, The manchester driver behaviour questionnaire as a predictor of road traffic accidents, Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 12, 66, 10.1080/14639220903023376 Wali, 2019, Examining correlations between motorcyclist's conspicuity, apparel related factors and injury severity score: evidence from new motorcycle crash causation study, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 131, 45, 10.1016/j.aap.2019.04.009 Wali, 2018, A heterogeneity based case-control analysis of motorcyclist's injury crashes: evidence from motorcycle crash causation study, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 119, 202, 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.024 Waugh, 2000, Cognitive workload while driving and talking on a cellular phone or to a passenger, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 10.1177/154193120004403354 Wang, 2016, Correlation between crash avoidance maneuvers and injury severity sustained by motorcyclists in single-vehicle crashes, Traffic Injury Prevention, 17, 188, 10.1080/15389588.2015.1045502 White, 2013, A comparison of injuries to moped/scooter and motorcycle riders in Queensland, Australia, Injury, 44, 855, 10.1016/j.injury.2013.03.005 2015 2015 2017 Wilde, 1982, The theory of risk homeostasis: implications for safety and health, Risk Analysis, 2, 209, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1982.tb01384.x Wong, 2010, Structure discrepancy of riding behavior of heterogeneous young motorcyclists in Taiwan, Transportation Research Record, 2194, 107, 10.3141/2194-13 Wong, 2010, Determinants behind young motorcyclists' risky riding behavior, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42, 275, 10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.004 Xin, 2017, Safety effects of horizontal curve design on motorcycle crash frequency on rural, two-lane, undivided highways in Florida, Transportation Research Record, 2637, 1, 10.3141/2637-01 Xin, 2017, Modeling safety effects of horizontal curve design on injury severity of single-motorcycle crashes with mixed-effects logistic model, Transportation Research Record, 2637, 38, 10.3141/2637-05 Yadav, 2020, Alcohol-impaired driving in rural and urban road environments: effect on speeding behaviour and crash probabilities, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 140, 105512, 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105512 Young, 2008, Crash dieting: the effects of eating and drinking on driving performance, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40, 142, 10.1016/j.aap.2007.04.012