Safe use of Cry genes in genetically modified crops

Bannon G, Fu TJ, Kimber I, Hinton DM (2003) Protein digestibility and relevance to allergenicity. Environ Health Perspect 111:1122–1124 Barriere Y, Verite R, Brunschwig P, Surault F, Emile JC (2001) Feeding value of corn silage estimated with sheep and dairy cows is not altered by genetic incorporation of Bt1376 resistance to Ostrinia nubilalis. J Dairy Sci 84:1863–1871 Bashir K, Husnain T, Fatima T, Riaz N, Makhdoom R, Riazuddin S (2005) Novel indica basmati line (B-370) expressing two unrelated genes of Bacillus Thuringiensis is highly resistant to two lepidopteron insects in the field. Crop Prot 24:870–879 Bernstein JA, Bernstein IL, Bucchini L, Goldman LR, Hamilton RG, Lehrer S, Rubin C (2003) Clinical and laboratory investigation of allergy to genetically modified foods. Environ Health Perspect 111:1114–1121 Chen H, Lin Y (2013) Promise and issues of genetically modified crops. Curr Opin Plant Biol 16:255 Chen M, Ye GY, Liu ZC, Yao HW, Chen XX, Shen ZC, Hu C, Datta SK (2006) Field assessment of the effects of transgenic rice expressing a fused gene of cry1Ab and cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on nontarget planthopper and leafhopper populations. Environ Entomol 35(1):127–134 Chowdhury EH, Kuribara H, Hino A, Sultana P, Mikami O, Shimada N, Guruge KS, Saito M, Nakajima Y (2003) Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11. J Anim Sci 81:2546–2551 Conner AJ, Jacobs JME (1999) Genetic engineering of crops as potential source of genetic hazard in the human diet. Mutat Res 443:223–234 De Schrijver A, Devos Y, van den Bulcke M, Cadot P, De Loose M, Reheul D, Sneyers M (2007) Risk assessment of GM stacked events obtained from crosses between GM events. Trends Food Sci Technol 18:101–109 de Vries J, Meier P, Wackernagel W (2001) The natural transformation of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter sp. by transgenic plant DNA strictly depends on homologous sequences in the recipient cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 195:211–215 Donkin SS, Velez JC, Totten AK, Stanisiewski EP, Hartnell GF (2003) Effects of feeding silage and grain from glyphosate-tolerant or insect-protected corn hybrids on feed intake, ruminal digestion, and milk production in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 86:1780–1788 FAO/WHO (2001) Evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified foods report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on foods derived from biotechnology, 22–15 January 2001, Rome Italy. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome http://www.fao.org/es/esn/allergygm.pdf Flachowsky G, Chesson A, Aulrich K (2005) Animal nutrition with feeds from genetically modified plants. Arch Anim Nutr 59:1–40 Framond AJ, Bevan MW, Barton KA, Flavell F, Chilton MD (1983) Mini-Ti plasmid and a chimeric gene construct: new approaches to plant gene vector construction. Adv Gene Technol Mol Genet Plants Anim Miami Winter Symp 20:159–170 Germolec DR, Kimber I, Goldman L, Selgrade M (2003) Key issues for the assessment of the allergenic potential of genetically modified foods: breakout group reports. Environ Health Perspect 11:1131–1139 Gupta VVSR, Roberts GN, Neate SM, McClure SG, Crisp P, Watson SK (2002) Impact of Bt-cotton on biological processes in Australian soils. In: Akhurst RJ, Beard CE, Hughes PA (Eds.) Proceedings of the fourth Pacific Rim conference on the biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis and its environmental impacts. CSIRO, Australia, pp 191–194 Head G, Surber JB, Watson JA, Martin JW, Duan JJ (2002) No detection of Cry1Ac protein in soil after multiple years of transgenic Bt cotton (Bollgard) use. Environ Entomol 31:30–36 Hellmich RL, Hellmich KA (2012) Use and impact of Bt maize. Nat Educ Knowl 3(5):4 History of Bt. http://www.bt.ucsd.edu/bt_history.html Ho MW, Ryan A, Cummins J (2000) Hazards of transgenic plants containing the cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. Microb Ecol Health Dis 12(3):189–198 Hodgson J (2000) Scientists avert new GMO crisis. Nat Biotechnol 18:13 http://www.gmcrops.ewebsite.com/articles/history.html Huang J, Mi JW, Lin H, Wang Z, Chen R, Hu R, Rozelle S, Pray CE (2010) A decade of Bt cotton in Chinese fields: assessing the direct effects and indirect externalities of Bt cotton adoption in China. Sci China Life Sci 53:981–991 Huesing J, English L (2004) The impact of Bt crops on the developing world. AgBioForum 7(1&2):84–95 Hutchison WD, Burkness EC, Mitchell PD, Moon RD, Leslie TW, Fleischer SJ, Abrahamson M, Hamilton KL, Steffey KL, Gray ME, Hellmich RL, Kaster LV, Hunt TE, Wright RJ, Pecinovsky K, Rabaey TL, Flood BR, Raun ES (2010) Area wide suppression of European corn borer with Bt maize reaps savings to non-Bt maize growers. Science 330:222–225 Jagadish CT, Indira R, Vandana S (2012) Effect of Bt-transgenic cotton on soil biological health. Appl Biol Res 14(1):5–23 James C (2014) Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops. ISAAA, Ithaca, NY Jennings JC, Albee LD, Kolwyck DC, Surber JB, Taylor ML, Hartnell GF, Lirette RP, Glenn Monsanto KC (2003a) Attempts to detect transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein in muscle from broilers fed yieldgard corn borer corn. Poult Sci 82:371–380 Jennings JC, Kolwyck DC, Kays SB, Whetsell AJ, Suber JB, Cromwell GL, Lirette RP, Glenn KC (2003b) Determining whether transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein are detectable in muscle from swine fed roundup ready soybean meal. J Anim Sci 81:1447–1455 Jiang J, Linscombe SD, Wang J, Oard JH (2000) Field evaluation of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) produced by agrobacterium and particle bombardment methods. In: Plant and animal genome VIII conference (9–12 January 2000, Town and County Hotel, San Diego, CA; Abstr) Kaeppler Shawn M, Kaeppler Heidi F, Rhee Y (2000) Epigenetic aspects of somaclonal variation in plants. Plant Mol Biol 43:179–188 Karihaloo JL, Kumar PA (2009) Bt cotton in India—a status report, 2nd edn. Asia-Pacific consortium on agricultural biotechnology (APCoAB), New Delhi Kuiper HA, Kleter GA, Noteborn HPMJ, Kok EJ (2001) Assessment of the food safety issues related to genetically modified foods. Plant J 27:503–528 Kuiper HA, Konig A, Kleter GA, Hammes WP, Knudsen I (2004) Concluding remarks. Food Chem Toxicol 42:1195–1202 Magaña-Gómez JA, de la Barca AMC (2009) Risk assessment of genetically modified crops for nutrition and health. Nutr Rev 67:1–16 Mal P, Manjunatha AV, Bauer S, Ahmed MN (2011) Technical efficiency and environmental impact of Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton in north India. AgBioForum 14(3):164–170 Matzke MA, Mette MF, Matzke AJM (2000) Transgene silencing by the host genome defense: implications for the evolution of epigenetic control mechanisms in plants and vertebrates. Plant Mol Biol 43:401–415 Mendelsohn M, Kough J, Vaituzis Z, Matthewset K (2003) Are Bt crops safe? Nat Biotechnol 21:1003–1009 Mendelsohn M, Kough J, Vaituzis Z, Matthews K (2004) Are Bt crops safe? AgBioForum 7(1&2):30 Messeguer J (2003) Gene flow assessment in transgenic plants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ 73:201–212 Metcalfe DD (2003) Introduction: what are the issues in addressing the allergenic potential of genetically modified foods? Environ Health Perspect 11:1110–1113 Murray SR, Butler RC, Hardacre AK, Timmerman-Vaughan (2007) Use of quantitative real-time PCR to estimate maize endogenous DNA degradation after cooking and extrusion or in food products. J Agric Food Chem 55:2231–2239 Nordlee JA, Taylor SL, Townsend JA, Thomas LA, Bush RK (1996) Identification of a Brazil nut allergen in transgenic soybeans. N Engl J Med 334:688–692 Noteborn HPJM, Kuiper HA (1994) Safety assessment strategies for genetically modified plant products case study: Bacillus thuringiensis-toxin tomato. In: Jones DD (ed) proceeding of 3rd international symposium on the biosafety results of field tests of genetically modified plants and microorganisms. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland, CA, pp 199–207 Oosterhuis DM, Jernstedt J (1999) Morphology and anatomy of cotton plant. In: Smith CW, Cothren JT (eds) Cotton: origin, history, technology and production. Willie, Darvers, pp 170–206 Pakistan National Biosafety Rules (2005) Palm CJ, Donegan KK, Harris D, Seidler RJ (1994) Quantification in soil of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki d-endotoxin from transgenic plants. Mol Ecol 3:145–151 Paparini A, Romano-Spica V (2004) Public health issues related with the consumption of food obtained from genetically modified organisms. Biotechnol Annu Rev 10:85–122 Paparini A, Romano-Spica V (2006) Gene transfer and cauliflower mosaic virus promoter 35S activity in mammalian cells. J Environ Sci Health 41:437–449 Perlak FJ, Oppenhuizen M, Gustafson K, Voth R, Sivasupramaniam S, Heering D, Carey B, Ihrig RA, Roberts JK (2001) Development and commercial use of Bollgard® cotton in the USA: early promises versus today’s reality. Plant J 27(6):489–501 Pilcher CD, Rice ME, Obrycki JJ (2005) Impact of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn and crop phenology on five nontarget arthropods. Environ Entomol 34:1302–1316 Poehlman JM (1994) Breeding field crops, 3rd edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames Prado JR, Segers G, Voelker T, Carson D, Dobert R, Phillips J, Cook K, Cornejo C, Monken J, Grapes L (2014) Genetically engineered crops: from idea to product. Annu Rev Plant Biol 65:769–790 Pray C, Naseem A (2007) Supplying crop biotechnology to the poor: opportunities and constraints. J Dev Stud 43(1):192–217 Prescott VE, Hogan SP (2006) Genetically modified plants and food hypersensitivity diseases: usage and implications of experimental models for risk assessment. Pharmacol Therap 111:374–383. http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/6/default.asp Prescott VE, Campbell PM, Moore A, Mattes J, Rothenberg ME, Foster PS, Higgins TJV, Hogan SP (2005) Transgenic expression of bean alpha-amylase inhibitor in peas results in altered structure and immunogenicity. J Agric Food Chem 53:9023–9030 Pusztai A (2001) Genetically modified foods: are they a risk to human/animal health? Action Bioscience. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Pusztai/Pusztai-GM-Foods-Risk-Human-Animal-Health-2001.pdf Pusztai A, Bardocz S, Ewen SWB (2003) Genetically modified foods: potential human health effects. In: D’Mello JPF (ed) Food safety: contaminants and toxins. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 347–372 Rahman M, Rashid H, Shahid AA, Bashir K, Husnain T, Riazuddin S (2007) Insect resistance and risk assessment studies of advanced generations of basmati rice expressing two genes of Bacillus thuringiensis. Electron J Biotechnol 10(2):241–251 Rahman M, Shaheen T, Ashraf M, Zafar Y (2012) Bridging genomic and classical breeding approaches for improving crop productivity. In: Ashraf M et al (eds) Crop production for agricultural improvement, vol 1. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 19–41 Rahman M, Shaheen T, Irem S, Zafar Y (2015) Biosafety risk of genetically modified crops containing Cry genes. In: Lichtfouse E et al (eds) CO2 sequestration, biofuels and depollution. Environmental chemistry for a sustainable World 5. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 307–334 Richards HA, Chung-Ting Han RG, Hopkins ML, Failla WW, Ward CN, Stewart CN Jr (2003) Safety assessment of recombinant green fluorescent protein orally administered to weaned rats nutrient interactions and toxicity. J Nutr 133:1909–1912 Romeis J, Bartsch D, Bigler F, Candolfi MP, Gielkens MM, Hartley SE, Hellmich RL, Huesing JE, Jepson PC, Layton R, Quemada H, Raybould A, Rose RI, Schiemann J, Sears MK, Shelton AM, Sweet J, Vaituzis Z, Wolt JD (2008) Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods. Nat Biotechnol 26:203–208 Sanahuja G, Banakar R, Twyman RM, Capell T, Christou P (2011) Bacillus thuringiensis: a century of research, development and commercial applications. Plant Biotechnol J 9:283–300 Saxena D, Flores S, Stotzky G (1999) Insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn. Nature 402:480 Sayanova O, Smith MA, Lapinskas P, Stobart AK, Dobson G, Christie WW (1997) Expression of a borage desaturase cDNA containing an N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain results in the accumulation of high levels of delta6-desaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:4211–4216 Sims SR, Holden LR (1996) Insect bioassay for determining soil degradation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki CryIA(b) protein in corn tissue. Environ Entomol 25:659–664 Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Shneider EL (1988) A simple technique for quantification of low level of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 715:184–194 Singh AK, Mehta AK, Sridhara S, Gaur SN, Singh BP, Sarma PU, Arora N (2006) Allergenicity assessment of transgenic mustard (Brassica juncea) expressing bacterial cod A gene. Allergy 61:491–497 Stotzky G (2000) Persistence and biological activity in soil of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis and of bacterial DNA bound on clays and humic acids. J Environ Qual 29:691–705 Subedi KD, Ma BL (2007) Dry matter and nitrogen partitioning patterns in Bt and non-Bt near-isoline maize hybrids. Crop Sci 47:1186–1192 Subramanian A, Qaim M (2010) The impact of Bt cotton on poor households in rural India. J Dev Stud 46:295–311 Tabashnik BE (2010) Communal benefits of transgenic corn. Science 330:189–190 Tapp H, Stotzky G (1998) Persistence of the insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 30:471–476 Taylor SL, Hefle SL (2002) Genetically engineered foods: implications for food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2:249–252 Tice RR, Agurell E, Andeson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A, Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Rojas E, Ryu JC, Sasaki YF (2000) Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity testing. Environ Mol Mutagen 35:206–221 Tryphonas H, Arvanitakis G, Vavasour E, Bondy G (2003) Animal models to detect allergenicity to foods and genetically modified products: workshop summary. Environ Health Perspect 11:221–222 Wu G, Cu HR, Shu Q, Xia YW, Xiang YB, Gao MW, Cheng X, Altosaar (2000) Stripped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) resistant transgenic rice with a cry1Ab gene from Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) and its rapid screening. J Zhejiang Univ 19:15–18 Xu-Chongren MY, Chang S (2001) Research on biosafety of transgenic Bt cotton. College of life sciences. Beijing University, Beijing Yanni SF, Whaen JK, Ma BL (2011) Field-grown Bt and non-Bt corn: yield, chemical composition, and decomposition. Agron J 103:486–493 Yonemochi C, Fujisaki H, Harada C, Kusama T, Hanazumi M (2002) Evaluation of transgenic event CBH 351 (StarLink) corn in broiler chicks. Anim Sci J 73:221–228 Zaman M (2015). Efficacy and impact of GM (Bt) cotton in ecosystem. Ph.D. thesis, QA University, Islamabad Zaman M, Mirza MS, Irem S, Zafar Y, Rahman M (2015) A temporal expression of Cry1Ac protein in cotton plant and its impact on soil health. Int J Agric Biol 17:280–288