SARS-CoV-2–Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Uncovers a Patient with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease

Lu X, Zhang L, Du H, Zhang J, Li YY, Qu J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(17):1663–5. Zhang Q, Bastard P, Liu Z, Le Pen J, Moncada-Velez M, Chen J, et al. Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020;370(6515):eabd4570. Meyts I, Bucciol G, Quinti I, Neven B, Fischer A, Seoane E, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: an international study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(2):520–31. Delavari S, Abolhassani H, Abolnezhadian F, Babaha F, Iranparast S, Ahanchian H, et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on patients with primary immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2021;41(2):345–55. van Oers NSC, Hanners NW, Sue PK, Aquino V, Li QZ, Schoggins JW, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with hepatitis in an infant with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol. 2021;224:108662. Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Ning L, et al. Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Front Immunol. 2020;11:827. Lee J, Park SS, Kim TY, Lee DG, Kim DW. Lymphopenia as a biological predictor of outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a nationwide cohort study. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(3):471. Monies D, Abouelhoda M, Assoum M, Moghrabi N, Rafiullah R, Almontashiri N, et al. Lessons learned from large-scale, first-tier clinical exome sequencing in a highly consanguineous population. Am J Hum Genet. 2019;104(6):1182–201. Mauracher AA, Pagliarulo F, Faes L, Vavassori S, Güngör T, Bachmann LM, et al. Causes of low neonatal T-cell receptor excision circles: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(5):1457-1460.e22. Al-Mousa H, Abouelhoda M, Monies DM, Al-Tassan N, Al-Ghonaium A, Al-Saud B, et al. Unbiased targeted next-generation sequencing molecular approach for primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(6):1780–7. Fill L, Hadney L, Graven K, Persaud R, Hostoffer R. The clinical observation of a patient with common variable immunodeficiency diagnosed as having coronavirus disease 2019. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(1):112–4. Xu CLH, Raval M, Schnall JA, Kwong JC, Holmes NE. Duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal viral shedding in children with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and synthesis of data. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39(9):e249–56. Farrag MA, Hamed ME, Amer HM, Almajhdi FN. Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia: toward a complete picture. Arch Virol. 2019;164:1981–96. Tan AT, Linster M, Tan CW, Le Bert N, Chia WN, Kunasegaran K, et al. Early induction of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associates with rapid viral clearance and mild disease in COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep. 2021;34(6):108728.