S-Glutathionylation signaling in cell biology: Progress and prospects
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abbott, 1983, Modulation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity by bile acids, J. Biol. Chem., 258, 6193, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)32391-3
Adachi, 2004, S-glutathiolation by peroxynitrite activates SERCA during arterial relaxation by nitric oxide, Nat. Med., 10, 1200, 10.1038/nm1119
Adachi, 2004, S-glutathiolation of Ras mediates redox-sensitive signaling by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 29857, 10.1074/jbc.M313320200
Adami, 2001, S100B expression in and effects on microglia, Glia, 33, 131, 10.1002/1098-1136(200102)33:2<131::AID-GLIA1012>3.0.CO;2-D
Alisi, 2009, Glutathionylation of p65NF-κB correlates with proliferating/apoptotic hepatoma cells exposed to pro- and anti-oxidants, Int. J. Mol. Med., 24, 319, 10.3892/ijmm_00000235
Alisi, A., Bruscalupi, G., Pastore, A., Petrini, S., Panera, N., Massimi, M., Tozzi, G., Leoni, S., Piemonte, F., Nobili, V., 2011. Redox homeostasis and posttranslational modifications/activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog in hepatocytes from rats with diet-induced hepatosteatosis. J. Nutr. Biochem. Mar 29 (Epub ahead of print).
Anathy, 2009, Redox amplification of apoptosis by caspase-dependent cleavage of glutaredoxin 1 and S-glutathionylation of Fas, J. Cell. Biol., 184, 241, 10.1083/jcb.200807019
Anderson, 1983, Transport and direct utilization of γ-glutamylcyst(e)ine for glutathione synthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 707, 10.1073/pnas.80.3.707
Anselmo, 2004, Protein kinase function and glutathionylation, Biochem. J., 381, e1, 10.1042/BJ20040873
Aracena, 2003, S-glutathionylation decreases Mg2+ inhibition and S-nitrosylation enhances Ca2+ activation of RyR1 channels, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 42927, 10.1074/jbc.M306969200
Aracena, 2005, Effects of S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation on calmodulin binding to triads and FKBP12 binding to type 1 calcium release channels, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 7, 870, 10.1089/ars.2005.7.870
Aracena-Parks, 2006, Identification of cysteines involved in S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and oxidation to disulfides in RyR1, J. Biol. Chem., 281, 40354, 10.1074/jbc.M600876200
Atherton-Fessler, 1993, Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation and cell cycle control, Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 1675, 10.1128/MCB.13.3.1675
Baeuerle, 1998, IkB–NF-kB structures: at the interface of inflammation control, Cell, 95, 729, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81694-3
Barbson, 1978, Inactivation of glutathione reductase by 2-chloroethyl nitrosourea-derivatised isocyanates, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 83, 745
Barrett, 1999, Regulation of PTP1B via glutathionylation of the active site cysteine 215, Biochemistry, 38, 6699, 10.1021/bi990240v
Beer, 2004, Glutaredoxin 2 catalyzes the reversible oxidation and glutathionylation of mitochondrial membrane thiol proteins: implications for mitochondrial redox regulation and antioxidant defense, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 47939, 10.1074/jbc.M408011200
Bell, 2011, Mild oxidative stress activates Nrf2 in astrocytes, which contributes to neuroprotective ischemic preconditioning, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, E1, 10.1073/pnas.1015229108
Biswas, 2006, Redox modifications of protein-thiols: emerging roles in cell signaling, Biochem. Pharmacol., 71, 551, 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.044
Braun, 2006, Targeting NF-kappaB in hematologic malignancies, Cell Death. Differ., 13, 748, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401874
Calkins, 2009, The Nrf2/ARE pathway as a potential Therapeutic target in Neurodegenerative disease, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 11, 497, 10.1089/ars.2008.2242
Caplan, 2004, Regulation of annexin A2 by reversible glutathionylation, J Biol. Chem., 279, 7740, 10.1074/jbc.M313049200
Chai, 1994, S-thiolation of individual human neutrophil proteins including actin by stimulation of the respiratory burst: evidence against a role for glutathione disulfide, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 310, 273, 10.1006/abbi.1994.1167
Chen, 2007, Mitochondrial complex II in the post-ischemic heart: oxidative injury and the role of protein S-glutathionylation, J. Biol. Chem., 282, 32640, 10.1074/jbc.M702294200
Chen, 2011, Superoxide induces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase protein thiyl radical formation, a novel mechanism regulating eNOS function and coupling, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 29098, 10.1074/jbc.M111.240127
Chen, 2006, Decline of contractility during ischemia-reperfusion injury: actin glutathionylation and its effect on allosteric interaction with tropomyosin, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 290, C719, 10.1152/ajpcell.00419.2005
Chen, 2010, S-glutathionylation uncouples eNOS and regulates its cellular and vascular function, Nature, 468, 1115, 10.1038/nature09599
Chen, 2007, Site-specific S-glutathiolation of mitochondrial NADH ubiquinone reductase, Biochemistry, 46, 5754, 10.1021/bi602580c
Chen, 2009, Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease: Critical role for the astrocyte, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 2933, 10.1073/pnas.0813361106
Chu, 2001, Potent inactivation of representative members of each PKC isozyme subfamily and PKD via S-thiolation by the tumor-promotion/progression antagonist glutathione but not by its precursor cysteine, Carcinogenesis, 22, 1221, 10.1093/carcin/22.8.1221
Chu, 2003, PKC isozyme S-cysteinylation by cystine stimulates the pro-apoptotic isozyme PKC delta and inactivates the oncogenic isozyme PKC epsilon, Carcinogenesis, 24, 317, 10.1093/carcin/24.2.317
Clavreul, 2006, S-glutathiolation of p21ras by peroxynitrite mediates endothelial insulin resistance caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 26, 2454, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000242791.28953.4c
Clavreul, 2006, S-glutathiolation by peroxynitrite of p21ras at cysteine-118 mediates its direct activation and downstream signaling in endothelial cells, FASEB J., 20, 518, 10.1096/fj.05-4875fje
Cohen, 2006, Nitric-oxide-induced vasodilatation: regulation by physiologic S-glutathiolation and pathologic oxidation of the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 16, 109, 10.1016/j.tcm.2006.02.001
Copple, 2008, The Nrf2-Keap1 defence pathway: role in protection against drug-induced toxicity, Toxicology, 246, 24, 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.029
Coux, 1996, Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 65, 801, 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.004101
Cross, 2004, Oxidative stress inhibits MEKK1 by site-specific glutathionylation in the ATP-binding domain, Biochem. J., 381, 675, 10.1042/BJ20040591
Cruz, 2007, ATP Activates a Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent Oxidative Stress Response and Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Macrophages, J. Biol. Chem., 282, 2871, 10.1074/jbc.M608083200
Cuadrado, 2009, The transcription factor Nrf2 as a new therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease, Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets, 13, 319, 10.1517/13543780802716501
Dalle-Donne, 2000, S-NO-actin: S-nitrosylation kinetics and the effect on isolated vascular smooth muscle, J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil., 21, 171, 10.1023/A:1005671319604
Dalle-Donne, 2003, Reversible S-glutathionylation of Cys374 regulates actin filament formation by inducing structural changes in the actin molecule, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 34, 23, 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01182-6
Dalle-Donne, 2005, S-glutathionylation in human platelets by a thiol-disulfide exchangeindependent mechanism, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 38, 1501, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.019
Dalle-Donne, 2008, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Significance of S-Glutathionylation, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 10, 445, 10.1089/ars.2007.1716
Dalle-Donne, 2011, S-glutathiolation in life and death decisions of the cell, Free Radic. Res., 45, 3, 10.3109/10715762.2010.515217
Davere, 1997, Protein phosphatase 2A is associated with class C L-type calcium channels (Cav 1.2) and antagonizes channel phosphorylation by camp-dependent protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 39710, 10.1074/jbc.M005462200
Demasi, 2003, 20 S Proteasome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Responsive to Redox Modifications and is S-Glutathionylated, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 679, 10.1074/jbc.M209282200
Donoso, 2011, Modulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor activity by ROS and RNS, Front. Biosci., 16, 553, 10.2741/3705
Eaton, 2002, Detection, quantitation, purification and identification of cardiac proteins S-thiolated during ischemia and reperfusion, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 9806, 10.1074/jbc.M111454200
Figtree, 2009, Reversible oxidative modification: a key mechanism of Na+-K+ pump regulation, Circ. Res., 105, 185, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.199547
Fine, 1988, Phorbol esters induce multidrug resistance in human breast cancer cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 582, 10.1073/pnas.85.2.582
Fourquet, 2010, Activation of NRF2 by nitrosative agents and H2O2 involves KEAP1 disulfide formation, J. Biol. Chem., 285, 8463, 10.1074/jbc.M109.051714
Fratelli, 2002, Identification by redox proteomics of glutathionylated proteins in oxidatively stressed human T lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 3505, 10.1073/pnas.052592699
Fratelli, 2003, Identification of proteins undergoing glutathionylation in oxidatively stressed hepatocytes and hepatoma cells, Proteomics, 3, 1154, 10.1002/pmic.200300436
Gallogly, 2009, Mechanistic and kinetic details of thiol-disulfide exchange by glutaredoxins and potential mechanisms of regulation, Antioxid. Redox. Signal., 11, 1059, 10.1089/ars.2008.2291
Gallogly, 2010, Glutaredoxin regulates apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via NFkB targets Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL: implications for cardiac aging, Antioxid. Redox. Signal., 12, 1339, 10.1089/ars.2009.2791
Garcia, 2010, Regulation of mitochondrial glutathione redox status and protein glutathionylation by respiratory substrates, J. Biol. Chem., 285, 39646, 10.1074/jbc.M110.164160
Goch, 2005, Affinity of S100A1 protein for calcium increases dramatically upon glutathionylation, FEBS J., 272, 2557, 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04680.x
Griffith, 1999, Biologic and pharmacologic regulation of mammalian glutathione synthesis, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 27, 922, 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00176-8
Guttridge, 1999, NF-kB controls cell growth and differentiation through transcriptional regulation of cyclin D1, Mol. Cell. Biol., 19, 5785, 10.1128/MCB.19.8.5785
Han, 2001, Mitochondrial respiratory chain-dependent generation of superoxide anion and its release into the intermembrane space, Biochem. J., 353, 411, 10.1042/0264-6021:3530411
Han, 2005, Sites and mechanisms of aconitase inactivation by peroxynitrite: modulation by citrate and glutathione, Biochemistry, 44, 11986, 10.1021/bi0509393
Hayes, 2009, NRF2 and KEAP1 mutations: permanent activation of an adaptive response in cancer, Trends Biochem. Sci., 34, 176, 10.1016/j.tibs.2008.12.008
Hidalgo, 2006, A transverse tubule NADPH oxidase activity stimulates calcium release from isolated triads via ryanodine receptor type 1 S-glutathionylation, J. Biol. Chem., 281, 26473, 10.1074/jbc.M600451200
Hoppe, 2004, Protein s-glutathionylation in retinal pigment epithelium converts heat shock protein 70 to an active chaperone, Exp. Eye Res., 78, 1085, 10.1016/j.exer.2004.02.001
Huang, 2005, Crystal structure of a free kappaB DNA: insights into DNA recognition by transcription factor NF-kappaB, J. Mol. Biol., 346, 147, 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.11.042
Huang, 2008, Inhibition of caspase-3 activity and activation by protein glutathionylation, Biochem. Pharmacol., 75, 2234, 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.026
Humphries, 2002, Regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity by glutathionylation, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 43505, 10.1074/jbc.M207088200
Humphries, 2005, Enhanced dephosphorylation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by oxidation and thiol modification, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 2750, 10.1074/jbc.M410242200
Humphries, 2007, Redox regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling: kinase versus phosphatase inactivation, J. Biol. Chem., 282, 22072, 10.1074/jbc.M702582200
Hurd, 2008, Complex I within oxidatively stressed bovine heart mitochondria is glutathionylated on Cys-531 and Cys-704 of the 75-kDa subunit, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 24801, 10.1074/jbc.M803432200
Ichijo, 1997, Induction of apoptosis by ASK1, a mammalian MAPKKK that activates SAPK/JNK and p38 signalling pathways, Science, 275, 90, 10.1126/science.275.5296.90
Jahngen-Hodge, 1997, Regulation of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes by Glutathione Following Oxidative Stress, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 28218, 10.1074/jbc.272.45.28218
Jain, 2007, GSK-3beta acts upstream of Fyn kinase in regulation of nuclear export and degradation of NF-E2 related factor 2, J. Biol. Chem., 282, 16502, 10.1074/jbc.M611336200
Jaiswal, 2004, Nrf2 signaling in coordinated activation of antioxidant gene expression, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 36, 1199, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.02.074
Janssens, 1995, Protein phosphatase 2A: a highly regulated family of serine/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signaling, Biochem. J., 353, 417, 10.1042/0264-6021:3530417
Johnson, 2008, The Nrf2-ARE pathway: an indicator and modulator of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1147, 61, 10.1196/annals.1427.036
Kabe, 2005, Redox regulation of NF-kappaB activation: distinct redox regulation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, Antioxid. Redox. Signal., 7, 395, 10.1089/ars.2005.7.395
Kil, 2005, Regulation of mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity by glutathionylation, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 10846, 10.1074/jbc.M411306200
Kil, 2008, Glutathionylation regulates IkB, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 373, 169, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.007
Klatt, 1999, Redox regulation of c-Jun DNA binding by reversible S-glutathiolation, FASEB J., 13, 1481, 10.1096/fasebj.13.12.1481
Kobayashi, 2006, Oxidative and electrophilic stresses activate Nrf2 through inhibition of ubiquitination activity of Keap1, Mol. Cell. Biol., 26, 221, 10.1128/MCB.26.1.221-229.2006
Kwon, 2004, Reversible oxidation and inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in cells stimulated with peptide growth factors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 16419, 10.1073/pnas.0407396101
Landino, 2004, Redox modulation of tau and microtubule-associated protein-2 by the glutathione/glutaredoxin reductase system, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 323, 112, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.065
Lee, 2002, Reversible inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by H2O2, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 20336, 10.1074/jbc.M111899200
Lee, 1996, The role of protein phosphatase type-2A in the Xenopus cell cycle: Initiation of the G2/M transition, Semin. Cancer Biol., 6, 203, 10.1006/scbi.1995.0027
Leslie, 2003, Redox regulation of PI 3-kinase signalling via inactivation of PTEN, EMBO J., 22, 5501, 10.1093/emboj/cdg513
Leslie, 2004, PTEN function: how normal cells control it and tumour cells lose it, Biochem. J., 382, 1, 10.1042/BJ20040825
Leslie, 2008, Understanding PTEN regulation: PIP2, polarity and protein stability, Oncogene, 27, 5464, 10.1038/onc.2008.243
Lim, 2010, S-glutathionylation regulates inflammatory activities of S100A9, J. Biol. Chem., 285, 14377, 10.1074/jbc.M109.075242
Lind, 2002, Identification of S-glutathionylated cellular proteins during oxidative stress and constitutive metabolism by affinity purification and proteomic analysis, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 406, 229, 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00468-X
Lock, 2011, Effect of protein S-glutathionylation on Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured aortic endothelial cells, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 300, H493, 10.1152/ajpheart.01073.2010
Mackay, 2007, Targeting the protein kinase C family: are we there yet?, Nat. Rev. Cancer., 7, 554, 10.1038/nrc2168
Mailloux, 2011, Glutathionylation acts as a control switch for uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP3, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 21865, 10.1074/jbc.M111.240242
McIlwain, 2006, Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms: cancer incidence and therapy, Oncogene., 25, 1639, 10.1038/sj.onc.1209373
McLain, 2011, α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a mitochondrial redox sensor, Free Radic. Res., 45, 29, 10.3109/10715762.2010.534163
Meister, 1983, Selective modification of glutathione metabolism, Science, 220, 471, 10.1126/science.6836290
Meister, A., 1988. Novel drugs that affect glutathione metabolism. In: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Neoplastic Cells. Part II. Enzymatic Basis of Drug Resistance. Academic Press, New York, pp. 99–126.
Mekhfi, 1996, Creatine Kinase is the main target of reactive oxygen species in cardiac myofibrils, Circ. Res., 78, 1016, 10.1161/01.RES.78.6.1016
Mieyal, 2008, Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of reversible protein S-glutathionylation, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 10, 1941, 10.1089/ars.2008.2089
Mohr, 1999, Nitric oxide-induced S-glutathionylation and inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 9427, 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9427
Murphy, 2009, How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species, Biochem. J., 417, 1, 10.1042/BJ20081386
Nguyen, 2009, The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by oxidative stress, J. Biol. Chem., 284, 13291, 10.1074/jbc.R900010200
Niture, 2010, Nrf2 signaling and cell survival, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 244, 37, 10.1016/j.taap.2009.06.009
Niwa, 2000, Increased glutathionyl hemoglobin in diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia demonstrated by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, Clin. Chem., 46, 82, 10.1093/clinchem/46.1.82
Odin, 2001, Bcl-2-dependent oxidation of pyruvate dehydrogenase-E2, a primary biliary cirrhosis autoantigen, during apoptosis, J. Clin. Invest., 108, 223, 10.1172/JCI200110716
Oehler, 1993, Mutation of a phosphorylation site in the DNA binding domain is required for redox-independent transactivation of AP1-dependent genes by v-jun, Oncogene, 8, 1141
Pallardò, 2009, Cellular compartmentalization of glutathione, 35
Pan, 2007, Glutathiolation regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis: key role for glutaredoxin in the death pathway, Circ. Res., 100, 213, 10.1161/01.RES.0000256089.30318.20
Pantano, 2006, Redox-sensitive kinases of the nuclear factor-kB signaling pathway, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 8, 1791, 10.1089/ars.2006.8.1791
Papa, 2008, Mammalian Complex I: a regulable and vulnerable pacemaker in mitochondrial respiratory function, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1777, 719, 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.005
Passarelli, 2010, GSSG-mediated Complex I defect in isolated cardiac mitochondria, Int. J. Mol. Med., 26, 95
Passarelli, 2010, Susceptibility of isolated myofibrils to in vitro glutathionylation: potential relevance to muscle functions, Cytoskeleton, 67, 81, 10.1002/cm.20425
Pastore, 2003, Determination of glutathionyl-hemoglobin in human erythrocytes by cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Biochem., 312, 85, 10.1016/S0003-2697(02)00500-6
Pastore, 2003, Actin glutathionylation increases in fibroblasts of patients with Friedreich’s ataxia: a potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease, J. Biol. Chem., 43, 42588, 10.1074/jbc.M301872200
Paupe, 2009, Impaired nuclear Nrf2 translocation undermines the oxidative stress response in Friedreich ataxia, PLoS One, 4, e4253, 10.1371/journal.pone.0004253
Pimentel, 2012, Regulation of cell physiology and pathology by protein S-glutathionylation: lessons learned from the cardiovascular system, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 16, 524, 10.1089/ars.2011.4336
Pineda-Molina, 2001, Glutathionylation of the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB: a mechanism for redox-induced inhibition of DNA binding, Biochemistry, 40, 14134, 10.1021/bi011459o
Prousky, 2008, The treatment of pulmonary diseases and respiratory-related conditions with inhaled (Nebulized or Aerosolized) glutathione, eCAM, 5, 27
Qanungo, 2007, Glutathione supplementation potentiates hypoxic apoptosis by S-glutathionylation of p65-NFkappaB, J. Biol. Chem., 282, 18427, 10.1074/jbc.M610934200
Rahman, 2005, Regulation of glutathione in inflammation and chronic lung diseases, Mutat. Res., 579, 58, 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.02.025
Rao, 2002, Regulation of protein phosphatase 2A by hydrogen peroxide and glutathionylation, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 293, 610, 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00268-1
Raza, 2009, Phase I multicenter dose-escalation study of ezatiostat hydrochloride (TLK199 tablets), a novel glutathione analog prodrug, in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, Blood, 113, 6533, 10.1182/blood-2009-01-176032
Reddy, 2000, Inactivation of creatine kinase by S-glutathionylation of the active-site cysteine residue, Biochem. J., 347, 821, 10.1042/0264-6021:3470821
Reynaert, 2006, Dynamic redox control of NF-kappaB through glutaredoxin regulated S-glutathionylation of inhibitory kappaB kinase beta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 13086, 10.1073/pnas.0603290103
Rhee, 2000, Hydrogen peroxide: a key messenger that modulates protein phosphorylation through cysteine oxidation, Sci. STKE., 53, pe1
Rokutan, 1994, Oxidative stress induces S-thiolation of specific proteins in cultured gastric mucosal cells, Am. J. Physiol., 266, G247
Rosenzweig, 2008, The central unit within the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 15, 573, 10.1038/nsmb.1427
Rossi, 2006, Membrane skeletal protein S-glutathionylation and hemolysis in human red blood cells, Blood Cells Mol. Dis., 37, 180, 10.1016/j.bcmd.2006.09.003
Saitoh, 2011, Intravenous glutathione prevents renal oxidative stress after coronary angiography more effectively than oral N.acetylcysteine, Hearth Vessels., 32, 518
Salsman, 2005, Sensitivity of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity to the redox environment, cytochrome C, and microperoxidase, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 7, 1078, 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1078
Sanchez, 2005, Tachicardia increases NADPH oxidase activity and RyR2 S-glutathionylation in ventricular muscle, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol., 39, 982, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.08.010
Sánchez, 2008, Exercise and tachycardia increase NADPH oxidase and ryanodine receptor-2 activity: possible role in cardioprotection, Cardiovasc. Res., 77, 380, 10.1093/cvr/cvm011
Schlatter, 2006, Mitochondrial creatine kinase in human health and disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1762, 164, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.09.004
Shackelford, 2005, Cellular and molecular targets of protein S-glutathiolation, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 7, 940, 10.1089/ars.2005.7.940
Shelton, 2005, Glutaredoxin: role in reversible protein s-glutathionylation and regulation of redox signal transduction and protein translocation, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 7, 348, 10.1089/ars.2005.7.348
Shelton, 2008, Regulation by reversible S-glutathionylation: molecular targets implicated in inflammatory diseases, Mol. Cells, 25, 332, 10.1016/S1016-8478(23)17590-X
Silva, 2008, Role of glutaredoxin 2 and cytosolic thioredoxins in cysteinyl-based redox modification of the 20S proteasome, FEBS J., 275, 2942, 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06441.x
Smith, 1998, A novel calcium-sensitive switch revealed by the structure of human S100B in the calcium-bound form, Structure, 6, 211, 10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00022-7
Song, 2002, Role of glutaredoxin in metabolic oxidative stress. Glutaredoxin as a sensor of oxidative stress mediated by H2O2, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 46566, 10.1074/jbc.M206826200
Stournaras, 1990, Glutathionyl(cysteine-374) actin forms filaments of low mechanical stability, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1037, 86, 10.1016/0167-4838(90)90105-O
Sun, 1999, PTEN modulates cell cycle progression and cell survival by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5,-trisphosphate and Akt/Protein Kinase B signaling pathway, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 6199, 10.1073/pnas.96.11.6199
Taylor, 2003, Reversible glutathionylation of Complex I increases mitochondrial superoxide formation, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19603, 10.1074/jbc.M209359200
Tew, 2007, Redox in redux: emergent roles for glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) in regulation of cell signaling and S-glutathionylation, Biochem. Pharmacol., 73, 1257, 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.027
Tew, 1994, Glutathione-associated enzymes in anticancer drug resistance, Cancer Res., 54, 4313
Tew, 2011, Redox platforms in cancer drug discovery and development, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 15, 156, 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.10.016
Thomas, 1995, Analysis of cells and tissues for S-thiolation of specific proteins, Methods Enzymol., 251, 423, 10.1016/0076-6879(95)51145-8
Torchinsky, 1981
Townsend, 2005, Glutathione S-transferases as regulators of kinase pathways and anti-cancer drug targets, Methods Enzymol., 401, 287, 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)01019-0
Townsend, 2006, A glutathione S-transferase pi-activated prodrug causes kinase activation concurrent with Sglutathionylation of proteins, Mol. Pharmacol., 69, 501, 10.1124/mol.105.018523
Townsend, 2007, S-glutathionylation: indicator of cell stress and regulator of the unfolded protein response, Mol. Interv., 7, 313, 10.1124/mi.7.6.7
Townsend, 2009, Nitrosative stress–induced S-glutathionylation of protein disulfide isomerase leads to activation of the unfolded protein response, Cancer Res., 69, 7626, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0493
Tsapara, 1999, Expression and characterization of Cys374 mutated human beta-actin in two different mammalian cell lines: impaired microfilament organization and stability, FEBS Lett., 455, 117, 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00848-0
Uys, 2011, Nitrosative stress-induced S-glutathionylation of protein disulfide isomerase, Methods Enzymol., 490, 321, 10.1016/B978-0-12-385114-7.00018-0
Vargas, 2008, Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects against neurodegeneration in mouse models of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J. Neurosci., 28, 13574, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4099-08.2008
Velu, 2007, Human p53 is inhibited by glutathionylation of cysteines present in the proximal DNA-binding domain during oxidative stress, Biochemistry, 46, 7765, 10.1021/bi700425y
Vergote, 2009, Phase 3 randomised study of canfosfamide (Telcyta, TLK286) versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or topotecan as third-line therapy in patients with platinum-refractory or –resistant ovarian cancer, Eur. J. Cancer., 45, 2324, 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.05.016
Wang, 2001, Reversible glutathionylation regulates actin polymerization in A431 cells, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 47763, 10.1074/jbc.C100415200
Wang, 2003, Stable and controllable RNA interference. investigating the physiological function of glutathionylated actin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 5103, 10.1073/pnas.0931345100
Wang, 2005, Reversible silencing of CFTR chloride channels by glutathionylation, J. Gen. Physiol., 125, 127, 10.1085/jgp.200409115
Ward, 2000, Oxidant-induced S-glutathiolation inactivates protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha): a potential mechanism of PKC isozyme regulation, Biochemistry, 39, 10319, 10.1021/bi000781g
West, 2006, Protein glutathiolation by nitric oxide: an intracellular mechanism regulating redox protein modification, FASEB J., 20, 1715, 10.1096/fj.06-5843fje
White, 2009, Angiotensin II inhibits the Na+-K+ pump via PKC-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 296, C693, 10.1152/ajpcell.00648.2008
White, 2010, Activation of cAMP-dependent signaling induces oxidative modification of the cardiac Na-K pump and inhibits its activity, J. Biol. Chem., 285, 13712, 10.1074/jbc.M109.090225
Williamson, 1982, An intracellular cysteine delivery system that protects against toxoicity by promoting glutathione synthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79, 6246, 10.1073/pnas.79.20.6246
Williamson, 1981, Stimulation of hepatic glutathione formation by administration of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a 5-oxo-l-prolinase substrate, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 936, 10.1073/pnas.78.2.936
Witsch, 1992, The systemic availability of oral glutathione, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 43, 667, 10.1007/BF02284971
Wuellner, 1999, Glutathione depletion and neuronal cell death: the role of reactive oxygen intermediates and mitochondrial function, Brain Res., 826, 53, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01228-7
Xiong, 2011, S-glutathionylation: from molecular mechanisms to health outcomes, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 15, 233, 10.1089/ars.2010.3540
Yang, 2011, Molecular basis and structural insight of vascular K(ATP) channel gating by S-glutathionylation, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 9298, 10.1074/jbc.M110.195123
Zhang, 2010, PYDDT, a novel phase 2 enzymes inducer, activates Keap1-nrf2 pathway via depleting the cellular level of glutathione, Toxicol. Lett., 199, 93, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.08.011
Zmijewski, 2009, S-Glutathionylation of the Rpn2 regulatory subunit inhibits 26 S proteasomal function, J. Biol. Chem., 284, 22213, 10.1074/jbc.M109.028902
Zhukova, 2004, Redox modifications of the C-terminal cysteine residue cause structural changes in S100A1 and S100B proteins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1742, 191, 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.10.002