Role of cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites in liver physiology and pathophysiology

Nguyen, 1999, Kinetic profile of the rat CYP4A isoforms: arachidonic acid metabolism and isoform-specific inhibitors, Am. J. Physiol., 276, R1691

Wang, 1996, Cloning, sequencing, and cDNA-directed expression of the rat renal CYP4A2: arachidonic acid w-hydroxylation and 11,12-epoxidation by CYP4A2 protein, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 336, 240, 10.1006/abbi.1996.0554

Imig, 1996, Formation and actions of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in rat renal arterioles, Am. J. Physiol., 270, R217

Ito, 1999, Regulation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formation in the glomerulus of the rat, Am. J. Physiol., 276, F1749

Harder, 1994, Formation and action of a P-450 4A metabolite of arachidonic acid in cat cerebral microvessels, Am. J. Physiol., 266, H2098

Gibson, 1989, Comparative aspects of the mammalian cytochrome P450IVA gene family, Xenobiotica, 19, 1123, 10.3109/00498258909043166

Lasker, 2000, Formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a vasoactive and natriuretic eicosanoid, in human kidney. Role of Cyp4F2 and Cyp4A11, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 4118, 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4118

Ito, 1998, Localization of cytochrome P-450 4A isoforms along the rat nephron, Am. J. Physiol., 274, F395

Omata, 1992, Renal cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism: intrarenal localization and hormonal regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Am. J. Physiol., 262, F591

Jacobs, 1999, Airway synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: metabolism by cyclooxygenase to a bronchodilator, Am. J. Physiol., 276, L280

Zhu, 1998, Tissue sources of cytochrome P450, 4A and 20-HETE synthesis in rabbit lungs, Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol., 19, 121, 10.1165/ajrcmb.19.1.3145

Harder, 1998, A common pathway for regulation of nutritive blood flow to the brain: arterial muscle membrane potential and cytochrome P450 metabolites, Acta Physiol. Scand., 164, 527, 10.1111/j.1365-201X.1998.tb10702.x

Daikh, 1994, Regio- and stereoselective epoxidation of arachidonic acid by human cytochromes P-450 2C8 and 2C9, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 271, 1427

Zeldin, 1996, Biochemical characterization of the human liver cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase pathway, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 330, 87, 10.1006/abbi.1996.0229

Lin, 1996, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells express P450 2C8 mRNA. Cloning of endothelial P450 epoxygenase, Endothelium, 4, 219, 10.3109/10623329609024698

Laethem, 1992, Purification and properties of a cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase from rabbit renal cortex, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 5552, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42801-3

Luo, 1998, Cloning and expression of murine CYP2Cs and their ability to metabolize arachidonic acid, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 357, 45, 10.1006/abbi.1998.0806

Makita, 1994, Experimental and/or genetically controlled alterations of the renal microsomal cytochrome P450 epoxygenase induced hypertension in rats fed a high salt diet, J. Clin. Invest., 94, 2414, 10.1172/JCI117608

Knickle, 1992, Dose-dependent, mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in vivo by 1-aminobenotriazole in liver, lung, and kidney of untreated, phenobarbitol-treated, and b-napthoflavone-treated guinea pigs, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 70, 1610, 10.1139/y92-231

Laethem, 1994, Epoxidation of arachidonic acid as an active-site probe of cytochrome P-450 2B isoforms, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1206, 42, 10.1016/0167-4838(94)90070-1

Gilday, 1998, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid epoxygenation in diverse avian orders: regioisomer selectivity and immunochemical comparison of the TCDD-induced P450s to CYP1A4 and 1A5, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 150, 106, 10.1006/taap.1997.8360

Ma, 1999, Molecular cloning, enzymatic characterization, developmental expression and cellular localization of a mouse cytochrome P450 highly expressed in kidney, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 777

Omata, 1992, Age-related changes in renal cytochrome P-450 arachidonic acid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Am. J. Physiol., 262, F8

Madhun, 1991, An epoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid mediates angiotensin II-induced rises in cytosolic calcium in rabbit proximal tubule epithelial cells, J. Clin. Invest., 88, 456, 10.1172/JCI115325

Oyekan, 1998, Cytochrome P-450-derived eicosanoids participate in the renal functional effects of endothelin-1 in the anesthetized rat, Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 43), 274, R52, 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.1.R52

Lin, 1995, 20-Hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid is formed in response to EGF and is a mitogen in rat proximal tubule, Am. J. Physiol., 269, F806

Nowicki, 1997, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) activates protein kinase C, J. Clin. Invest., 99, 1224, 10.1172/JCI119279

Silverstein, 1998, 20-HETE mediates the effect of parathyroid hormone and protein kinase C on renal phosphate transport, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 58, 203, 10.1016/S0952-3278(98)90116-8

Ribeiro, 1994, Parathyroid hormone inhibits Na+-K+-ATPase through a cytochrome P-450 pathway, Am. J. Physiol., 266, F497

McGiff, 1999, 20-HETE and the kidney: resolution of old problems and new beginnings, Am. J. Physiol., 277, R607

Amlal, 1998, ANGII controls Na+–K+–(NH4+)–2Cl cotransport via 20-HETE and PKC in medullary thick ascending limb, Am. J. Physiol., 274, C1047, 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.4.C1047

Grider, 1997, P-450 arachidonate metabolites mediate bradykinin-dependent inhibition of NaCl transport in the rat thick ascending limb, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 75, 91, 10.1139/y97-008

Iwai, 1991, Isolation of preferential expressed genes in the kidneys of hypertensive rats, Hypertension, 17, 161, 10.1161/01.HYP.17.2.161

Ma, 1994, Altered renal P-450 metabolism of arachidonic acid in Dahl salt-sensitive rats, Am. J. Physiol., 267, R579

Stec, 1996, Cytochrome P4504A genotype cosegregates with hypertension in Dahl S rats, Hypertension, 27, 564, 10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.564

Stec, 1996, Renal cytochrome P4504A activity and salt-sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Hypertension, 27, 1329, 10.1161/01.HYP.27.6.1329

Oyekan, 1999, Renal cytochrome P450 w-hydroxylase and epoxygenase activity are differentially modified by nitric oxide and sodium chloride, J. Clin. Invest., 104, 1131, 10.1172/JCI6786

Alonso-Galicia, 2002, Role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the renal and vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II, Am. J. Physiol., 283, R60

Makita, 1996, Cytochrome P450, the arachidonic acid cascade, and hypertension: new vistas for an old enzyme system, FASEB J., 10, 1456, 10.1096/fasebj.10.13.8940291

Roman, 2002, P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function, Physiol. Rev., 82, 131, 10.1152/physrev.00021.2001

Lapuerta, 1988, Renal microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid, Am. J. Med. Sci., 295, 275, 10.1097/00000441-198804000-00010

Sundseth, 1992, Sex-dependent expression and clofibrate inducibility of cytochrome P450 4A fatty acid w-hydroxylases, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 3915, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50613-5

Imaoka, 1988, Induction of renal cytochrome P450 in hepatic microsomes of diabetic rats, Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun., 152, 680, 10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80092-5

Catella, 1990, Endogenous biosynthesis of arachidonic acid epoxides in humans: increased formation in pregnancy-induced hypertension, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 5893, 10.1073/pnas.87.15.5893

Sacerdoti, 1997, Eicosanoid excretion in hepatic cirrhosis. Predominance of 20-HETE, J. Clin. Invest., 100, 1264, 10.1172/JCI119640

Sacerdoti, 1991, Increased renal production of cytochrome P450-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity, Adv. Prostaglandins Thromb. Leukot. Res., 21, 689

Nanji, 1994, Changes in cytochrome P450, 2E1, 2B1, and 4A, and phosholipases A and C in the intragastric feeding rat model for alcoholic liver disease: relationship to dietary fats and pathologic liver injury, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 18, 902, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00058.x

Sacerdoti, 1988, Renal cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 521, 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90223-7

Oyekan, 1999, Endothelin-1 and cytochrome P450 arachidonate metabolites interact to promote tissue injury in DOCA/salt hypertension, Am. J. Physiol., 276, R766

Sacerdoti, 1989, Treatment with tin prevents the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Science, 243, 388, 10.1126/science.2492116

Zou, 1994, Effects of 17-ODYA a suicide-substrate inhibitor of P450 fatty acid w-hydroxylase on renal function of rats, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 268, 474

Alonso-Galicia, 1997, Inhibition of 20-HETE production contributes to the vascular responses to nitric oxide, Hypertension, 29, 320, 10.1161/01.HYP.29.1.320

Wang, 1998, Cytochrome P450-derived arachidonic acid metabolism in the rat kidney: characterization of selective inhibitors, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 284, 966

Capdevila, 1988, Inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 dependent arachidonic acid metabolism, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 261, 257, 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90340-2

Rodrigues, 1987, Interactions of imidazole antifungal agents with purified cytochrome P-450 proteins, Biochem. Pharmacol., 36, 4277, 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90670-8

Alvarez, 1992, High affinity inhibition of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels by cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 789

Villalobos, 1992, Inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ entry into GH3 and chromaffin cells by imidazole antimycotics and other P450 blockers, FASEB J., 6, 2742, 10.1096/fasebj.6.9.1319362

Khatsenko, 1993, Nitric oxide is a mediator of the decrease in cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism caused by immunostimulants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 11147, 10.1073/pnas.90.23.11147

Sun, 1998, Nitric oxide-20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid interaction in the regulation of K+ channel activity and vascular tone in renal arterioles, Circ. Res., 83, 1069, 10.1161/01.RES.83.11.1069

Wang, 2003, Regulation of renal CYP4A expression and 20-HETE synthesis by nitric oxide in pregnant rats, Am. J. Physiol., 285, F295, 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.097378

Oyekan, 1998, Functional response of the rat kidney to inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis: role of cytochrome P450-derived arachidonate metabolites, Br. J. Pharmacol., 125, 1065, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702171

Wang, 1996, Cytochrome P-450 metabolites mediate extracellular Ca2+-induced inhibition of apical K+ channels in the TAL, Am. J. Physiol. (Cell Physiol. 40), 271, C103, 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.1.C103

Zou, 1994, Effect of P-450 hydroxylase metabolites of arachidonic acid on tubuloglomerular feedback, Am. J. Physiol. (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 35), 266, F934, 10.1152/ajprenal.1994.266.6.F934

Carroll, 1992, Cyclooxygenase dependency of the renovascular actions of cytochrome P-450-derived arachidonate metabolites, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 260, 104

Hill, 1992, Biological activity and metabolism of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the human platelet, Br. J. Pharmacol., 106, 267, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14327.x

Laniado-Schwartzman, 1989, Metabolism of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by cyclooxygenase. Formation and identification of novel endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictor metabolite, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 11658, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)80115-6

McGiff, 1991, Cytochrome P-450 metabolism of arachidonic acid, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 31, 339, 10.1146/annurev.pa.31.040191.002011

Escalante, 1991, Effect of cytochrome P450 arachidonate metabolites on ion transport in rabbit kidney loop of Henle, Science, 251, 799, 10.1126/science.1846705

Escalante, 1994, Cytochrome P-450 arachidonate metabolites affect ion fluxes in rabbit medullary thick ascending limb, Am. J. Physiol., 266, C1775, 10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.6.C1775

Sakairi, 1995, 56-EET inhibits ion transport in collecting duct by stimulating endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, Am. J. Physiol., 268, F931

Pratt, 1998, 20-HETE relaxes bovine coronary arteries through the release of prostacyclin, Hypertension, 31, 37, 10.1161/01.HYP.31.1.237

Carroll, 1996, Cytochrome P-450-dependent HETEs: profile of biological activity and stimulation by vasoactive peptides, Am. J. Physiol. (Regul Integr. Comp. Physiol. 40), 271, R863, 10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.4.R863

Carroll, 1993, Renal vasodilator activity of 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid depends upon conversion by cyclooxygenase and release of prostaglandins, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 12260, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31383-8

Ellis, 1990, Dilation of cerebral arterioles by cytochrome P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid, Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol. 28), 259, H1171, 10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.4.H1171

Gebremedhin, 1998, Cat cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells express cytochrome P450 4A2 enzyme and produce the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE which enhances L-type Ca2+ current, J. Physiol., 507, 771, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.771bs.x

Zou, 1996, 20-HETE is an endogenous inhibitor of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel in renal arterioles, Am. J. Physiol., 270, R226

Lange, 1997, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-induced vasoconstriction and inhibition of potassium current in cerebral vascular smooth muscle is dependent on activation of protein kinase C, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 345, 10.1074/jbc.272.43.27345

Sun, 1999, Role of tyrosine kinase and PKC in the vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE in renal arterioles, Hypertension, 33, 414, 10.1161/01.HYP.33.1.414

Mutahalif, 1998, 20-HETE mediates calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 701

Uddin, 1998, Cytochrome P-450 metabolites mediate norepinephrine-induced mitogenic signaling, Hypertension, 31, 242, 10.1161/01.HYP.31.1.242

Imig, 1994, Inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 alter afferent arteriolar responses to elevations in pressure, Am. J. Physiol., 266, H1879

Alonso-Galicia, 1998, Contribution of 20-HETE to the vasodilator actions of nitric oxide in renal arteries, Am. J. Physiol., 275, F370

Schwartzman, 1985, Renal cytochrome P450-related arachidonate metabolite inhibits Na+K+ ATPase, Nature, 314, 620, 10.1038/314620a0

Zhang, 1998, The cytochrome P-450 inhibitor cobalt chloride prevents inhibition of renal Na+, K+-ATPase and redistribution of apical NHE-3 during acute hypertension, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 9, 531, 10.1681/ASN.V94531

Carroll, 2003, Cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolites modulate renal tubular function, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 525, 67, 10.1007/978-1-4419-9194-2_13

Lu, 1998, Nitric oxide increases the activity of the apical 70 pS K+ channel in TAL of rat kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 274, F946

Ito, 1999, Role of 20-HETE in elevating chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of Dahl SS/Jr rats, Hypertension, 33, 419, 10.1161/01.HYP.33.1.419

Liu, 1999, Carbon monoxide stimulates the apical 70 pS K+ channel of the rat thick ascending limb, J. Clin. Invest., 103, 963, 10.1172/JCI5206

Imig, 1996, Actions of epoxygenase metabolites on the preglomerular vasculature, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 7, 2364, 10.1681/ASN.V7112364

Zou, 1996, Stereospecific effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids on vascular tone and K+-channel activity, Am. J. Physiol., 270, F822

Gebremedhin, 1992, Cellular mechanism of cerebral epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) on cat cerebral arterial smooth muscle, Am. J. Physiol., 263, H519

Rosolowsky, 1993, Role of PGI2 and EETs in the relaxation of bovine coronary arteries to arachidonic acid, Am. J. Physiol., 264, H327

Gebremedhin, 1998, Bioassay of an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor from bovine coronary arteries: role of a cytochrome P450 metabolite, J. Vasc. Res., 35, 274, 10.1159/000025594

Alkayed, 1996, Inhibition of brain P-450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase decreases baseline cerebral blood flow, Am. J. Physiol., 271, H1541

Wu, 1997, Molecular cloning, expression, and functional significance of a cytochrome P-450 highly expressed in rat heart myocytes, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 551

Zeldin, 1995, The rabbit pulmonary CYP arachidonic acid metabolic pathway: characterization and significance, J. Clin. Invest., 95, 2150, 10.1172/JCI117904

Li, 1997, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids activate K+ channels in coronary smooth muscle through a guanine nucleotide binding protein, Circ. Res., 80, 877, 10.1161/01.RES.80.6.877

Imig, 1999, Afferent arteriolar vasodilation to the sulfonamide analog of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid involves protein kinase A, Hypertension, 33, 408, 10.1161/01.HYP.33.1.408

Campbell, 1996, Identification of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, Circ. Res., 78, 415, 10.1161/01.RES.78.3.415

Hecker, 1994, Characterization of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor as a cytochrome P450-derived arachidonic acid metabolite in mammals, J. Physiol., 481, 407, 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020449

Petersson, 1998, Characterization of endothelium-dependent relaxation in guinea pig basilar artery: effect of hypoxia and role of cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase, J. Vasc. Res., 35, 285, 10.1159/000025595

Vanheel, 1997, Evidence against the involvement of cytochrome P450 metabolites in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of the rat main mesenteric artery, J. Physiol., 501, 331, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.331bn.x

Alkayed, 1996, Molecular characterization of an arachidonic acid epoxygenase in rat brain astrocytes, Stroke, 27, 971, 10.1161/01.STR.27.5.971

Harris, 1990, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids activate Na+/H+ exchange and are mitogenic in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells, J. Cell. Physiol., 144, 429, 10.1002/jcp.1041440310

Dumoulin, 1998, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids relax airway smooth muscles and directly activate reconstituted KCa channels, Am. J. Physiol., 275, L423

Falck, 1983, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids stimulate glucagon and insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 114, 743, 10.1016/0006-291X(83)90843-4

Zeldin, 1997, Predominant expression of an arachidonate epoxygenase in islets of Langerhans cells in human and rat pancreas, Endocrinology, 138, 1338, 10.1210/en.138.3.1338

Node, 1999, Anti-inflammatory properties of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived eicosanoids, Science, 285, 1276, 10.1126/science.285.5431.1276

Karara, 1991, Endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoyl-phospholipids, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 7561, 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)89484-8

Carroll, 1997, Cytochrome P450-derived renal HETEs: storage and release, Kidney Int., 51, 1696, 10.1038/ki.1997.234

Zhu, 1995, Identification of arachidonate P-450 metabolites in human platelet phospholipids, Hypertension, 25, 854, 10.1161/01.HYP.25.4.854

Gordon, 1987, Effects of 12-HETE on renal tubular epithelial cells, Am. J. Physiol. (Cell Physiol. 22), 253, C277, 10.1152/ajpcell.1987.253.2.C277

Wong, 1997, Post-receptor signal transduction and regulation of 14(R)15(S)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) binding in U-937 cells, J. Lipid Mediat. Cell Signal., 16, 155, 10.1016/S0929-7855(97)00005-9

Quilley J, Bell-Quilley JP, McGiff JC. Eicosanoids and hypertension. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven; 1995. p. 963–82.

Campbell, 2002, 14,15-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid relaxes bovine coronary arteries by activation of K(Ca) channels, Am. J. Physiol., 282, H1656

Dumoulin, 1998, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids relax airway smooth muscles and directly activate reconstituted KCa channels, Am. J. Physiol., 275, L423

Gonzalez, 1996, Constitutive expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 genes, FASEB J., 10, 1112, 10.1096/fasebj.10.10.8751713

Capdevila, 1981, Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 78, 5362, 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5362

Capdevila, 1982, Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxygenation of arachidonic acid to hydroxyicosatetraenoic acids, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79, 767, 10.1073/pnas.79.3.767

Falck, 1990, Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of arachidonic acid to 16-, 17-, and 18-hydroxyeicosatetarenoic acids, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 10244, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86938-1

Oliw, 1981, Oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic microsomes of the rabbit. Mechanism of biosynthesis of two vicinal dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 666, 327, 10.1016/0005-2760(81)90291-5

Capdevila, 1984, Arachidonic acid epoxidation: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are endogenous constituents of rat liver, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 231, 511, 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90415-6

Karara, 1989, Endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids cytochrome P-450 controlled stereoselectivity of the hepatic arachidonic acid epoxygenase, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 19822, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)47185-8

Rifkind, 1995, Arachidonic acid metabolism by human cytochrome P450s 2C8, 2C9, 2E1, and 1A2: regioselective oxygenation and evidence for a role for CYP2C enzymes in arachidonic acid epoxygenation in human liver microsomes, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 320, 380, 10.1016/0003-9861(95)90023-3

Laethem, 1993, Formation of 19(S)-, 19(R)-, and 18(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids by alcohol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 12912, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31472-8

Yoshida, 1990, Possible involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase pathway in vasopressin-stimulated glycogenolysis in isolated rat hepatocytes, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 280, 346, 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90340-5

Qu, 1998, Nutritional status modulates rat liver cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolism, Mol. Pharmacol., 54, 504, 10.1124/mol.54.3.504

Capdevila, 2002, Biochemical and molecular properties of the cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid monooxygenases, Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 68-69, 325, 10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00038-2

Sacerdoti, 1999, Role of cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites in regulation of portal resistance, J. Hepatol., 30, 66

Karara, 1992, Arachidonic acid epoxygenase: structural characterization and quantification of epoxyeicosatrienoates in plasma, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 182, 1320, 10.1016/0006-291X(92)91877-S

George, 1995, Differential alterations of cytochrome P450 proteins in livers from patients with severe chronic liver disease, Hepatology, 21, 120

Solangi, 1988, Differential effects of partial hepatectomy on hepatic and renal heme and cytochrome P450 metabolism, Am. J. Med. Sci., 296, 387, 10.1097/00000441-198812000-00004

Edwards, 1996, Effects of cytochrome P450 inhibitors on potassium currents and mechanical activity in rat portal vein, Br. J. Pharmacol., 119, 691, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15728.x

Sacerdoti, 1999, CYP450-dependent epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) may participate in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension by differentially modulating portal and mesenteric arterial resistance in cirrhotic rats, Hepatology, 30, 237A

Chu, 2000, Cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid may be important mediators in angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction in the rat mesentery in vivo, Clin. Sci., 98, 277, 10.1042/CS19990217

Earley, 2003, Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase products contribute to attenuated vasoconstrictor responsiveness following chronic hypoxia, Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol., 285, H127, 10.1152/ajpheart.01052.2002

Sacerdoti, 1999, CYP-dependent epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) may participate in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension by differentially modulating portal and mesenteric arterial resistance in cirrhotic rats, Hepatology, 30, 237A

Sacerdoti, 1991, Renal cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid in cirrhotic rats, J. Hepatol., 12, 230, 10.1016/0168-8278(91)90943-6

Arroyo, 1986, Renal function abnormalities, prostaglandins, and effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cirrhosis with ascites. An overview with emphasis on pathogenesis, Am. J. Med., 81, 104, 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90912-5

Moore, 1990, Increased production od cysteinyl leukotrienes in hepatorenal syndrome, J. Hepatol., 11, 263, 10.1016/0168-8278(90)90123-9

Prakash, 1992, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is excreted as a glucuronide conjugate in human urine, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 185, 728, 10.1016/0006-291X(92)91686-K