Role of cryogenic helium in classical fluid dynamics: Basic research and model testing

Aarts, 1994, Numerical simulation of superfluid turbulence near the critical velocity, Physica B, 194–196, 725, 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90692-0 Ashkenazi, 1999, High Rayleigh number turbulent convection in a gas near the gas-liquid critical point, Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, 3641, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3641 Barenblatt, 1996, Scaling laws and zero viscosity limits for wall-bounded shear flows and the local structure in developed turbulence, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 93, 6749, 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6749 Barenghi, 1999, Self-consistent decay of superfluid turbulence, Phys. Rev. B., 60, 1252, 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.1252 Barenghi, 1997, Superfluid vortex lines in a model of turbulent flow, Phys. Fluids, 9, 2631, 10.1063/1.869379 Batchelor, 1953 Bielert, 1993, Visualization of Taylor-Couette flow in superfluid helium, Cryogenics, 33, 938, 10.1016/0011-2275(93)90220-I Bolgiano, 1962, Structure of turbulence in stratified media, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 3105, 10.1029/JZ067i008p03015 Britcher, 1991, Recent aerodynamic measurements with magnetic suspension systems, 165 Britcher, 1998, Application of magnetic suspension and balance systems to ultra-high Reynolds number facilities, 165 Bushnell, 1998, High Reynolds number testing requirements in (civilian) aeronautics, 323 Bushnell, 1991, High Reynolds number test requirements in low speed aerodynamics, 19 Castaing, 1994, Anemometry in gaseous 4He around 4K, J. de Phys III (France), 4, 671, 10.1051/jp3:1994157 Castaing, 1992, Hot wire anemometer operating at cryogenic temperatures, Rev. Sci. Instr., 63, 4168, 10.1063/1.1143229 Castaing, 1989, Scaling of hard thermal turbulence in Raleigh-Bénard convection, J. Fluid Mech., 204, 1, 10.1017/S0022112089001643 Chevanne, 1997, Observations of the ultimate region in Rayleigh-Bénard convection, Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, 3648, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3648 Constantin, 1991, Fractal geometry of isoscalar surfaces in turbulence: Theory and experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1739, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1739 1991 Donnelly, 1991 1994 Donnelly, 1958, Periodic boundary layer experiments in liquid helium, Ann. Phys., 3, 320, 10.1016/0003-4916(58)90023-X 1998 Emsellem, 1997, Transitions and probes in turbulent helium, Phys. Rev. E, 55, 2672, 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.2672 Frisch, 1995 Goldenfeld, 1992 Goodyer, 1991, The six component magnetic suspension system for wind tunnel testing, 131 Grant, 1962, Turbulent spectrum in a tidal channel, J. Fluid Mech., 12, 241, 10.1017/S002211206200018X Gray, 1988 Grossmann, 1993, Characteristic scales in Rayleigh-Bénard convection, Phys. Lett. A, 173, 58, 10.1016/0375-9601(93)90087-G Howard, 1972, Bounds on flow quantities, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 4, 473, 10.1146/annurev.fl.04.010172.002353 1991 Ichikawa, 1991, Application of flow visualization technique to superflow experiment, 209 Kilgore, 1991, Cryogenic wind tunnels, 53 Kilgore, 1998, Cryogenic wind tunnels for aerodynamic testing, 66 Kistler, 1966, Grid turbulence at large Reynolds numbers, J. Fluid Mech., 26, 37, 10.1017/S0022112066001071 Kolmogorov, 1941, Local structure of turbulence in an incompressible fluid at very high Reynolds numbers, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 30, 299 Kolmogorov, 1941, Energy dissipation in locally isotropic turbulence, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, 32, 19 Kraichnan, 1962, Turbulent thermal convection at arbitrary Prandtl number, Phys. Fluids, 5, 1374, 10.1063/1.1706533 Krishnamurti, 1975, On cellular cloud patterns. Part 1: Mathematical model, J. Atm. Sci., 32, 1353, 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<1353:OCCPPM>2.0.CO;2 Laing, 1961, Hydrodynamic drag on spheres moving in liquid helium, Phys. Fluids, 4, 564, 10.1063/1.1706363 Lambert, 1965, Hot thermistor anemometer for finite amplitude stability measurements, Rev. Sci. Inst., 36, 924, 10.1063/1.1719786 Lawing, 1991, Magnetic suspension—Today's marvel, tomorrow's tool, 153 Lipa, 1998, Cryogenic thermometry for turbulence research: An overview, 179 L'vov, 1996, Hydrodynamic turbulence: A 19th century problem with a challenge for the 21st century, Phys. World, 9, 35, 10.1088/2058-7058/9/8/23 Maurer, 1998, Local investigation of superfluid turbulence, Europhys. Lett., 43, 29, 10.1209/epl/i1998-00314-9 Metcalfe, 1990, Convection in 3He-superfluid-4He mixtures: measurement of the superfluid effects, Phys. Rev. A, 41, 5735, 10.1103/PhysRevA.41.5735 Monin, 1971, Vol. 1 Monin, 1975, Vol. 2 Murakami, 1987, Flow visualization study of large-scale vortex ring in He II, Japan J. Appl. Phys., 26, 107, 10.7567/JJAPS.26S3.107 Murakami, 1998, Applications of a laser Doppler velocimeter and some visualization methods to the measurement of He II thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena, 159 Murakami, 1991, Laser Doppler velocimeter applied to superflow measurement, 215 Nelkin, 1994, University and scaling in fully developed turbulence, Adv. Phys., 43, 143, 10.1080/00018739400101485 Niemela, 2000, Turbulent convection at very high Rayleigh numbers, Nature, 404, 837, 10.1038/35009036 Niemela, 2000, Comments on high Rayleigh number convection Onsager, 1949, Statistical hydrodynamics, Nuovo Cimento Suppl., VI, 279, 10.1007/BF02780991 Perrin, 1982, Emergence of a periodic mode in the so-called turbulent region in a circular Couette flow, J. Phys. Lett., 43, L5, 10.1051/jphyslet:019820043010500 Quack, 1998, European large scale helium refrigeration, 52 Roberts, 1974, Superfluid mechanics, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 6, 179, 10.1146/annurev.fl.06.010174.001143 Roshko, 1961, Experiments in the flow past a circular cylinder at very high Reynolds numbers, J. Fluid Mech., 1, 345, 10.1017/S0022112061000950 Saddoughi, 1994, Local isotropy in turbulent boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers, J. Fluid Mech., 268, 333, 10.1017/S0022112094001370 Schlichting, 1956 Schwarz, 1985, Three-dimensional vortex-dynamics in superfluid 4He: Line-line and line-boundary interactions, Phys. Rev. B, 31, 5782, 10.1103/PhysRevB.31.5782 Schwarz, 1988, Three-dimensional vortex dynamics in superfluid 4He: Homogeneous superfluid turbulence, Phys. Rev. B, 38, 2398, 10.1103/PhysRevB.38.2398 Shraiman, 1995, Anomalous scaling of a passive scalar in turbulent flow, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 321, 279 Sinai, 1989, Limiting probability distributions of a passive scalar in a random velocity field, Phys. Rev. Lett., 63, 1962, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1962 Skrbek, 1999 Smelt, 1945, Power economy in high-speed wind tunnel by choice of working fluid and temperature, 265 Smith, 1993, Evolution and propagation of turbulence in helium II Smith, 1999, Observed drag crisis on a sphere in flowing He I and He II, Phys. Fluids, 11, 751, 10.1063/1.869947 Smits, 1997, Design of a high Reynolds number testing facility using compressed air Sondericker, 1988, A brief overview of the RHIC cryogenic system, 436 Sreenivasan, 1984, On the scaling of the turbulent energy dissipation rate, Phys. Fluids, 27, 1048, 10.1063/1.864731 Sreenivasan, 1997, The phenomenology of small-scale turbulence, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 29, 435, 10.1146/annurev.fluid.29.1.435 Sreenivasan, 1988, Singularities of the equations of fluid motion, Phys. Rev. A, 38, 6287, 10.1103/PhysRevA.38.6287 Stalp, 1998, Decay of grid turbulence in superfluid turbulence Stalp, 1999, Decay of grid turbulence in a finite channel, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 4831, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4831 Stamm, 1994, Counterflow-induced macroscopic vortex rings in superfluid helium: Visualization and numerical simulation, Physica B, 193, 188, 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90011-6 Swanson, 1998, Instrument development for high Reynolds number flows in liquid helium, 206 Swanson, 1988, An accurate differential pressure gauge for use in liquid and gaseous helium, Cryogenics, 38, 673, 10.1016/S0011-2275(98)00028-9 Tabeling, 1996, Probability density function, skewness and flatness in large Reynolds number turbulence, Phys. Rev. E, 53, 1613, 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.1613 Tennekes, 1972 Threlfall, 1975, Free convection in low-temperature gaseous helium, J. Fluid Mech., 67, 17, 10.1017/S0022112075000158 Van Sciver, 1991, Experimental investigations of He II flows at high Reynolds number, 223 Van Sciver, 1991, He II flowmetering, Cryogenics, 31, 75, 10.1016/0011-2275(91)90250-Z Vinen, 1961, Vortex lines in liquid helium II, Vol. III, 1 Vinen, 2000, Why is turbulence in a quantum liquid often similar to that in a classical liquid?, Phys. Rev. B, 61, 1410, 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.1410 Walstrom, 1988, Turbulent flow pressure drop in various He II transfer system components, Cryogenics, 28, 101, 10.1016/0011-2275(88)90054-9 Woodcraft, 1998, First images of controlled convection in liquid helium, 436 Wu, 1991, Along the road to developed turbulence: Free thermal convection in low temperature helium gas Wybourne, 1998, Considerations for small detectors in high Reynolds number experiments, 329 Zagarola, 1997, Scaling of the mean velocity profiles for turbulent pipe flow, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 239, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.239