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Vai trò của các chất chống oxy hóa trong việc ngăn ngừa suy giảm thính lực liên quan đến tuổi tác: một tổng quan về tài liệu
Tóm tắt
Suy giảm thính lực liên quan đến tuổi tác (ARHL), còn được gọi là presbycusis, là một trong những tình trạng thoái hóa mãn tính phổ biến nhất. Nó được đặc trưng bởi sự suy giảm chức năng thính giác. ARHL do sự tương tác của nhiều yếu tố, bao gồm lão hóa ốc tai, môi trường, di truyền và các bệnh đi kèm. Tổn thương chính của ARHL bao gồm mất tế bào lông, teo màng mạch, và mất các neuron hạch xoắn cũng như sự thay đổi ở các đường dẫn thính giác trung ương. Các nghiên cứu đến thời điểm hiện tại cho thấy căng thẳng oxy hóa và sự thiếu hụt DNA ty thể (mtDNA) đóng vai trò quan trọng trong sinh lý bệnh của ARHL. Do đó, tương tự như các tình trạng tai mũi họng khác, một số nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy rằng các chất chống oxy hóa có thể làm chậm quá trình ARHL, nhưng một số nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra rằng liệu pháp chống oxy hóa không phải là liều thuốc kỳ diệu có thể ngăn ngừa hoặc điều trị hoàn toàn suy giảm thính lực liên quan đến tuổi tác, nhưng tại sao? Tất cả các thử nghiệm lâm sàng có sẵn, bao gồm cả nghiên cứu trên động vật và con người, bằng tiếng Anh đã được xem xét để điều tra tác động bảo vệ của các chất chống oxy hóa đối với ARHL. Tài liệu được thu thập bằng cách tìm kiếm trên cơ sở dữ liệu ELSEVIER, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Các thử nghiệm lâm sàng, và cơ sở dữ liệu đánh giá hệ thống Cochrane. Mặc dù ARHL đã được chứng minh là giảm tốc độ nhờ bổ sung các chất chống oxy hóa, đặc biệt là ở động vật thí nghiệm, nhưng chỉ một vài nghiên cứu đã điều tra tác động của các can thiệp chống ARHL ở người. Các thử nghiệm lâm sàng chất lượng cao là cần thiết để điều tra xem ARHL có thể bị trì hoãn hoặc ngăn ngừa ở người hay không. Tuy nhiên, có vẻ như việc nhắm tới nhiều con đường chết tế bào là tốt hơn so với việc chỉ nhắm tới con đường căng thẳng oxy hóa.
Từ khóa
#suy giảm thính lực liên quan đến tuổi tác #chất chống oxy hóa #bệnh sinh #lão hóa #thính giácTài liệu tham khảo
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