Role of Ayurveda and Yoga-Based lifestyle in the COVID-19 pandemic – A narrative review

Conti, 2020, Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by COVID-19: anti-inflammatory strategies, J Biol Regul Homeost Agents [Internet], 34, 1 Stebbing, 2020, COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments, Lancet Infect Dis [Internet], 20, 400, 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30132-8 Agnivesha, 1990, Charaka samhita of acharya charaka, dridhabala krit Dhallana, 1990 Huang, 2020, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, The Lancet [Internet], 395, 497, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 Nagendra, 2004 Segerstrom, 2004, Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry, Psychol Bull, 130, 601, 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601 Bhargav, 2010, Potential Yoga modules for treatment of hematopoietic inhibition in HIV-1 infection, J Stem Cell, 5, 129 Maurya, 2020, Antiviral activity of traditional medicinal plants from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 infection, J Biomol Struct Dyn, 1 Chikhale, 2020, In-silico investigation of phytochemicals from Asparagus racemosus as plausible antiviral agent in COVID-19, J Biomol Struct Dyn, 1 Chowdhury, 2020, In silico investigation of phytoconstituents from Indian medicinal herb ‘Tinospora cordifolia (giloy)’ against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by molecular dynamics approach, J Biomol Struct Dyn, 1 Siddiqui, 2020, Virtual screening of phytoconstituents from miracle herb nigella sativa targeting nucleocapsid protein and papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 treatment, J Biomol Struct Dyn, 1 Tripathi, 2020, Identification of bioactive molecule from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, J Biomol Struct Dyn, 1 Enmozhi, 2020, Andrographolide as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an in silico approach, J Biomol Struct Dyn, 1 Gandhi, 2020, An ayurvedic perspective along with in silico study of the drugs for the management of SARS-CoV-2, J Ayurveda Integr Med [Internet] Wanjarkhedkar, 2020, A prospective clinical study of an Ayurveda regimen in COVID 19 patients, J Ayurveda Integr Med Nagarathna, 2020, A perspective on yoga as a preventive strategy for coronavirus disease 2019, Int J Yoga, 13, 89, 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_22_20 Sharma, 2020, The role of Yoga in working from home during the COVID-19 global lockdown, Work, 66, 731, 10.3233/WOR-203219 Nagendra, 2020, Yoga for COVID-19, Int J Yoga, 13, 87, 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_27_20 Tillu, 2020, Public health approach of Ayurveda and yoga for COVID-19 prophylaxis, J Alternative Compl Med, 26, 360, 10.1089/acm.2020.0129 Bushell, 2020, Meditation and yoga practices as potential adjunctive treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: a brief overview of key subjects, J Alternative Compl Med, 26, 547, 10.1089/acm.2020.0177 Nadholta, 2020, Potential benefits of Yoga in pregnancy-related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for working women, Work, 67, 269, 10.3233/WOR-203277 Shahrbanian, 2020, Physical activity for improving the immune system of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, Alternative Ther Health Med, 26, 117 Shidhaye, 2020, An integrated approach to improve maternal mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 crisis, Front Psychiatry [Internet], 11 Puyat, 2020, A rapid review of home-based activities that can promote mental wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic, PloS One, 15, 10.1371/journal.pone.0243125 Jasti, 2020, Tele-yoga for stress management: need of the hour during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond?, Asian J Psychiatr [Internet], 54, 102334, 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102334 Venugopal, 2020, Protecting the elders from COVID- 19 impact-leveraging yoga, J Fam Med Prim Care, 9, 4487, 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_797_20 Mohanty, 2020, Yoga for infirmity in geriatric population amidst COVID-19 pandemic: comment on “Age and Ageism in COVID-19: elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs, Asian J Psychiatr, 53, 102199, 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102199 Ransing, 2020, Yoga for COVID-19 and natural disaster related mental health issues: challenges and perspectives, Asian J Psychiatr, 53, 102386, 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102386 Lai, 2020, Trials, 21, 648, 10.1186/s13063-020-04583-w O'Donnell, 2020, Effectiveness of using a meditation app in reducing anxiety and improving well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, 21, 1006, 10.1186/s13063-020-04935-6 Parimala, 2020, Association between yogic breathing practice with perceived impact of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study from India, Asia Pac J Publ Health, 33, 10.1177/1010539520975282 Zaworski, 2020, Physical activity of Poles in the care for their health potential before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 1, 10.1017/dmp.2020.398 Trevino, 2020, Rapid deployment of virtual mind-body interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak: feasibility, acceptability, and implications for future care, Support Care Canc, 29, 543, 10.1007/s00520-020-05740-2 Zhang, 2020, How can alternative exercise traditions help against the background of the COVID-19 in cancer care? An overview of systematic reviews, Canc Manag Res, 12, 12927 Lai, 2020, COVID-19 modifications for remote teleassessment and teletraining of a complementary alternative medicine intervention for people with multiple sclerosis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial, JMIR Res Protoc, 9, 10.2196/18415 Rao, 2020, Emerging trends from COVID-19 research registered in the clinical trials Registry - India, Indian J Med Res, 153, 26 Agnivesha, 1990 Balasubramani, 2011, Plant-based rasayana drugs from Ayurveda, Chin J Integr Med, 17, 88, 10.1007/s11655-011-0659-5 Nelaturi, 2020, Swarna bindu prashana—an ancient approach to improve the infant's immunity, Biol Trace Elem Res, 1 Barrett, 2012, Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection: a randomized controlled trial, Ann Fam Med, 10, 337, 10.1370/afm.1376 Naoroibam, 2016, Effect of Integrated Yoga (IY) on psychological states and CD4 counts of HIV-1 infected patients: a randomized controlled pilot study, Int J Yoga, 9, 57, 10.4103/0973-6131.171723 Hari Chandra, 2019, Effect of yoga on immune parameters, cognitive functions, and quality of life among HIV-positive children/adolescents: a pilot study, Int J Yoga [Internet], 12, 132, 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_51_18 Visweswaraiah, 2004, Randomized trial of yoga as a complementary therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis, Respirology, 9, 96, 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2003.00528.x Falkenberg, 2018, Yoga and immune system functioning: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, J Behav Med [Internet], 41, 467, 10.1007/s10865-018-9914-y Davidson, 2003, Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation, Psychosomatic Medicine [Internet], 65, 564, 10.1097/01.PSY.0000077505.67574.E3 Infante, 2014, Levels of immune cells in transcendental meditation practitioners, Int J Yoga [Internet], 7, 147, 10.4103/0973-6131.133899 Zope, 2013, Sudarshan kriya yoga: breathing for health, Int J Yoga [Internet], 6, 4, 10.4103/0973-6131.105935 Kamei, 2001, Correlation between alpha rhythms and natural killer cell activity during yogic respiratory exercise, Stress and Health [Internet], 17, 141, 10.1002/smi.889 Sharma, 2003, Sudarshan Kriya practitioners exhibit better antioxidant status and lower blood lactate levels, Biol Psychol, 63, 281, 10.1016/S0301-0511(03)00071-1 Kochupillai, 2005, Effect of rhythmic breathing (Sudarshan Kriya and Pranayam) on immune functions and tobacco addiction, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1056, 242, 10.1196/annals.1352.039 Lim, 2015, Regular yoga practice improves antioxidant status, immune function, and stress hormone releases in young healthy people: a randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study, J Alternative Compl Med, 21, 530, 10.1089/acm.2014.0044 Agte, 2008, Sudarshan kriya yoga for improving antioxidant status and reducing anxiety in adults, Alternat and Complement Therap [Internet], 14, 96, 10.1089/act.2008.14204 Wagh, 2019 Shanbhag, 2016, Oil pulling for maintaining oral hygiene – a review, J Tradit Complement Med, 7, 106, 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.004 Fan, 2020 Gautam, 2020, Immunity against COVID-19: potential role of AyushKwath, J Ayurveda Integr Med Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha Samhita, Poorva khanda, Bulusu Sitaram. 2018th ed.. Vol. 1. Varanasi: Chaukamaba Orientalia;. Chudasama, 2015, Efficacy of ashvagandha (Withania somnifera) on immunity of krisha (underweight), J Ayu Phys and Surgeons, 2, 61 Thattet, 1989, Immunotherapeutic modification of experimental infections by Indian medicinal plants, Phytotherapy Res [Internet], 3, 43, 10.1002/ptr.2650030202 Rajani, 2012, Immunomodulatory activity of Āmalaki Rasāyana: an experimental evaluation, Anc Sci Life [Internet], 32, 93, 10.4103/0257-7941.118546 null, 1992, Effect of yoga training on reaction time, respiratory endurance and muscle strength, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 36, 229 Santaella, 2011, Yoga respiratory training improves respiratory function and cardiac sympathovagal balance in elderly subjects: a randomised controlled trial, BMJ Open [Internet], 1, e000085 Singh, 1990, Effect of yoga breathing exercises (pranayama) on airway reactivity in subjects with asthma, The Lancet [Internet], 335, 1381, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91254-8 Cramer, 2019, The risks and benefits of yoga for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Rehabil, 33, 1847, 10.1177/0269215519860551 Yang, 2016, Yoga for asthma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4 Soni, 2012, Study of the effect of yoga training on diffusion capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a controlled trial, Int J Yoga [Internet], 5, 123, 10.4103/0973-6131.98230 Gupta, 2011, Effect of two yogic breathing techniques on oxygen saturation, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 55 Weitzberg, 2002, Humming greatly increases nasal nitric oxide, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166, 144, 10.1164/rccm.200202-138BC Rajkumar, 2020, COVID-19 and mental health: a review of the existing literature, Asian J Psychiatry [Internet], 52, 102066, 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066 Desai, 2015, vol. 3, 6 Tiwari, 2011, Pharmaceutical and clinical studies on compound Ayurvedic formulation, Saraswata churna Int Res J Pharmacy, 2, 77 Charan, 2020, Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and home remedies by COVID-19 patients: a telephonic Survey, Indian J Clin Biochem, 1 Puttarak, 2017, Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on cognitive function and mood related outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Sci Rep [Internet], 7 Malik, 2011, Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant studies on different plant sources of shankhpushpi, Pharmaceut Biol, 49, 1234, 10.3109/13880209.2011.584539 Descilo, 2010, Effects of a yoga breath intervention alone and in combination with an exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the 2004 South-East Asia tsunami, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 121, 289, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01466.x Telles, 2010, Post traumatic stress symptoms and heart rate variability in Bihar flood survivors following yoga: a randomized controlled study, BMC Psychiatr, 10, 18, 10.1186/1471-244X-10-18 Streeter, 2010, Effects of yoga versus walking on mood, anxiety, and brain GABA levels: a randomized controlled MRS study, J Alternative Compl Med, 16, 1145, 10.1089/acm.2010.0007 Thirthalli, 2013, Cortisol and antidepressant effects of yoga, Indian J Psychiatr, 55, S405, 10.4103/0019-5545.116315 Cramer, 2017, A systematic review of yoga for major depressive disorder, J Affect Disord, 213, 70, 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.006 Cocchiara, 2019, The use of yoga to manage stress and burnout in healthcare workers: a systematic review, J Clin Med, 8 Wang, 2020, Effects of yoga on stress among healthy adults: a systematic review, Alternative Ther Health Med, 26 Lele, 2010, Beyond reverse pharmacology: mechanism-based screening of Ayurvedic drugs, J Ayurveda Integr Med, 1, 257, 10.4103/0975-9476.74435 Streeter, 2012, Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, Med Hypotheses, 78, 571, 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.021 Tooley, 2000, Acute increases in night-time plasma melatonin levels following a period of meditation, Biol Psychol, 53, 69, 10.1016/S0301-0511(00)00035-1