Rock failure mechanisms of flame-jet thermal spallation drilling—theory and experimental testing

Armstead, 1987 Fogelson, 1974, Advanced fragmentation techniques, 3rd Congr. Int. Soc. Rock Mech. Lauriello, 1974, Design and economic constraints of thermal rock weakening techniques, Int. J. ROck Mech. Min Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 11, 31, 10.1016/0148-9062(74)92203-7 Calaman, 1962, Technical advances expand use of jet-piercing process in taconite industry, 473 Browning, 1965, Recent advances in flame jet working of minerals, 281 Browning, 1981, Flame-jet drilling in conway, NH, granite, Unpublished report of work done under University of California order number 4-L10-2889R-1 for Los Alamos National Laboratory Williams, 1985, Thermal spallation drilling, 69 Rinaldi, 1984, A technical and economic evaluation of thermal spallation drilling technology, Report prepared for Sandia National Laboratory by Resource Technology, Inc. Norton, 1925, A general theory of spalling, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 8, 29, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1925.tb16332.x Rauenzahn, 1986, Analysis of rock mechanics and gas dynamics of flame-jet thermal spallation drilling Preston, 1926, The spalling of bricks, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 9, 654, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1926.tb17115.x Preston, 1938, Observations on spalling, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 17, 137, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1934.tb19296.x Gray, 1965, Surface spalling by thermal stresses in rocks, 85 Lama, 1978 Touloukian, 1981, Vol. II-2 Heuze, 1983, High temperature mechanical, physical and thermal properties of granitic rocks—a review, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 20, 3, 10.1016/0148-9062(83)91609-1 1966 Geller, 1970, A new look at thermal rock fracturing, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 79, A133 Horii, 1985, Compression-induced microcrack growth on brittle solids: axial splitting and shear failure, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3105, 10.1029/JB090iB04p03105 Nemat-Nasser, 1982, Compression-induced nonplanar crack extension with application to splitting, exfoliation and rockburst, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 6805, 10.1029/JB087iB08p06805 Tapponnier, 1976, Development of stress-induced microcracks in Westerly granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 13, 102, 10.1016/0148-9062(76)91937-9 Wong, 1982, Micromechanics of faulting in Westerly granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 19, 49, 10.1016/0148-9062(82)91631-X Dmitriyev, 1969, Calculating the parameters of the thermal drilling process, Sov. Min. Sci., 5, 26, 10.1007/BF02501702 Ya Kolodko, 1983, Thermal stress state and fracture of a mass of rock under nonuniform surface heating, Sov. Min. Sci., 19, 392, 10.1007/BF02497434 Lauriello, 1971, Thermal fracturing of hard, crystalline rock Nelson, 1969, Investigation of modes of thermal fracture of some brittle materials Soles, 1964, Experimental studies relating mineralogical and petrographic features to the thermal piercing of rocks, Tech. Bull. Mines Branch Can. TB, 53 Vasiliev, 1958, The thermal method of drilling in hard rocks Freeman, 1963, The mechanism of thermal spalling in rocks, Colo. Sch. Mines. Q., 58, 225 Boley, 1960 Carslaw, 1959 Griffith, 1920, the phenomena of rupture and flow in solids, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 221, 163, 10.1098/rsta.1921.0006 Fairhurst, 1966, The phenomenon of rock splitting parallel to a free surface under compressive stress, 687 Holzhausen, 1979, Analyses of longitudinal splitting of uniaxially compressed rock cylinders, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 16, 163, 10.1016/0148-9062(79)90482-0 McClintock, 1962, Friction on griffith cracks in rocks under pressure, 1015 Weibull, 1939, A statistical theory of the strength of materials, Ingvetensk. Akad. Handl., 151, 1 Marovelli, 1965, Thermal fragmentation of rock, 253 Hadley, 1976, Comparison of calculated and observed crack densities and seismic velocities in Westerly granite, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3484, 10.1029/JB081i020p03484 Peng, 1972, Crack growth and faulting in cylindrical specimens of Chelmsford granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 9, 37, 10.1016/0148-9062(72)90050-2 Dey, 1981, Some aspects of size-effect in rock failure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 691, 10.1029/GL008i007p00691 Johnson, 1978, Thermal cracking of rock subjected to slow, uniform temperature changes, 259 Wong, 1979, Thermal expansion of rocks: some measurements at high pressure, Tectonophysics, 57, 95, 10.1016/0040-1951(79)90143-4 Edwards, 1951, Stress concentrations around spherical inclusions and cavities, J. Appl. Mech., 18, 19, 10.1115/1.4010216 Eshelby, 1957, The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems, A 241, 376 Atkinson, 1972, The interaction between a crack and an inclusion, Int. J. Engng Sci., 10, 127, 10.1016/0020-7225(72)90011-0 Browning, 1974, TSAAS: finite element thermal and stress analysis of plane and axisymmetric solids with orthotropic temperature-dependent material properties Manson, 1955, Theory of thermal shock resistance of brittle materials based on Weibull's statistical theory of strength, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 38, 18, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14547.x Evans, 1961, The compressive strength of coal, Colliery Engng, 38, 123 Evans, 1961, The compressive strength of coal, Colliery Engng, 38, 172 Lundborg, 1967, The strength-size relation of granite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 4, 269, 10.1016/0148-9062(67)90011-3 Dey, 1984, More on spallation theory, Los Alamos National Laboratory Internal Memorandum No. ESS-3-286-84 Dey, 1985, Methods of improving drilling performance of the thermal spallation drilling system, 75 Hrycak, 1981, Heat transfer from a row of impinging jets to concave cylindrical surfaces, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 24, 407, 10.1016/0017-9310(81)90048-X Kumada, 1970, Studies on the heat transfer of impinging jet, Bull. JSME, 13, 77, 10.1299/jsme1958.13.77 Anderson, 1963, Heat transfer from flames impinging on flat and cylindrical surfaces, J. Heat Trans., Trans. ASME Ser. C, 85, 49, 10.1115/1.3686009 Chamberlain, 1966, Heat transfer between a turbulent round jet and a segmented plate perpendicular to it Popiel, 1980, Convective heat transfer on a plate in an impinging round hot gas jet of low Reynolds number, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 23, 1055, 10.1016/0017-9310(80)90170-2 Sparrow, 1980, Heat transfer characteristics of an obliquely impinging circular jet, J. Heat Trans., Trans. ASME Ser. C, 102, 202, 10.1115/1.3244261 Eckert, 1972 Nelder, 1964, A simplex method for function minimization, Comput. J., 7, 308, 10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308 Kataoka, 1985, Characteristics of convective heat transfer in nonisothermal, variable-density impinging jets, Chem. Engng Commun., 34, 267, 10.1080/00986448508911203 Moavenzadeh, 1967, Laser assisted rock fracture Rad, 1970, Thermally assisted cutting of granite