Risky decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers

Aharonovich, 2003, Cognitive impairment, retention and abstinence among cocaine abusers in cognitive–behavioral treatment, Drug Alcohol Depend., 71, 207, 10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00092-9 American Psychiatric Association, 1994 Andrew, 1978, Quick tests of organicity among drug using delinquents, Crim. Justice Behav., 5, 75, 10.1177/009385487800500106 Aytaclar, 1999, Association between hyperactivity and executive cognitive functioning in childhood and substance use in early adolescence, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiat., 38, 172, 10.1097/00004583-199902000-00016 Ball, 1997, Personality, temperament, and character dimensions in substance abusers, J. Abnorm. Psychol., 106, 545, 10.1037/0021-843X.106.4.545 Bardo, 2004, Biological connection between novelty- and drug-seeking motivational systems, Nebr. Symp. Motiv., 50, 127 Bechara, 2001, Neurobiology of decision-making: risk and reward, Semin. Clin. Neuropsychiatry, 6, 205, 10.1053/scnp.2001.22927 Bechara, 2003, Risky business: emotion, decision making, and addiction, J. Gambl. Stud., 19, 23, 10.1023/A:1021223113233 Bechara, 2002, Decision-making and addiction (part I): impaired activation of somatic states in substance dependent individuals when pondering decisions with negative future consequences, Neuropsychologia, 40, 1675, 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00015-5 Bechara, 2004, Impaired decision making related to working memory deficits in individuals with substance addictions, Neuropsychology, 181, 152, 10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.152 Bechara, 1994, Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex, Cognition, 50, 7, 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3 Bechara, 1996, Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex, Cereb Cortex, 6, 215, 10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 Bechara, 1997, Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy, Science, 28, 1293, 10.1126/science.275.5304.1293 Bechara, 1999, Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making, J. Neurosci., 19, 5473, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05473.1999 Bechara, 2000, Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex, Cereb. Cortex, 10, 295, 10.1093/cercor/10.3.295 Bechara, 2002, Decision-making and addiction (part II): myopia for the future or hypersensitivity to reward?, Neuropsychologia, 40, 1690, 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00016-7 Blair, 2001, Neurocognitive models of aggression, the antisocial personality disorders, and psychopathy, J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 71, 727, 10.1136/jnnp.71.6.727 Bolla, 2002, Dose-related neurocognitive effects of marijuana use, Neurology, 59, 1337, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000031422.66442.49 Bolla, 2003, Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers performing a decision-making task, NeuroImage, 19, 1085, 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00113-7 Bolla, 2004, Sex-related differences in a gambling task and its neurologic correlates, Cereb. Cortex, 14, 1226, 10.1093/cercor/bhh083 Boyce, 1998, Social context in developmental psychopathology: recommendations for future research from the MacArthur Network on Psychopathology and Development. The MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Psychopathology and Development, Dev. Psychopathol., 10, 143, 10.1017/S0954579498001552 Brutus, 1986, Effects of experimental temporal lobe seizures upon hypothalamically elicited aggressive behavior in the cat, Brain Res., 366, 53, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91280-1 Bush, 2000, Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex, Trends Cogn. Sci., 4, 215, 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01483-2 Bush, 2002, Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: a role in reward-based decision making, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 99, 523, 10.1073/pnas.012470999 Carr, 2003, Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: a relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100, 5497, 10.1073/pnas.0935845100 Cavedini, 2002, Frontal lobe dysfunction in pathological gambling patients, Biol. Psychiatry, 51, 334, 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01227-6 Clark, 2003, The contributions of lesion laterality and lesion volume to decision-making impairment following frontal lobe damage, Neuropsychologia, 41, 1474, 10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00081-2 Curtin, 2001, Alcohol affects emotion through cognition, Psychol. Sci., 12, 527, 10.1111/1467-9280.00397 Derogatis, 1973, SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale—preliminary report, Psychopharmacol. Bull., 9, 13 Duvernoy, 1999 Eldreth, 2004, Abnormal brain activity in prefrontal brain regions in abstinent marijuana users, NeuroImage, 23, 914, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.032 Elliott, 1992, Violence: the neurologic contribution: an overview, Arch Neurol., 49, 595, 10.1001/archneur.1992.00530300027006 Elliott, 2000, Dissociable neural responses in human reward systems, J. Neurosci., 20, 6156, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06159.2000 Ernst, 2002, Decision-making in a risk-taking task: a PET study, Neuropsychopharmacology, 26, 682, 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00414-6 Ernst, 2003, Neural substrates of decision making in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Am. J. Psychiatry, 160, 1061, 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1061 Fein, 2002, Prefrontal cortical volume reduction associated with frontal cortex function deficit in 6-week abstinent crack-cocaine dependent men, Drug Alcohol Depend., 68, 87, 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00110-2 Fellows, 2004, Different underlying impairments in decision-making following ventromedial and dorsolateral frontal lobe damage in humans, Cereb. Cortex, 10.1093/cercor/bhh108 Fichtenholtz, 2004, Emotion–attention network interactions during a visual oddball task, Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res., 20, 67, 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.01.006 D. Fishbein, C. Hyde, D. Eldreth, E.D. London, J.A. Matochik, M. Ernst, N. Isenberg, S. Steckley, B. Schech, A. Kimes, Cognitive performance and autonomic reactivity in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers, Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. (in press). Flannery, 2004, Neural and cognitive substrates of risky decision-making in psychopaths Forman, 2004, Opiate addicts lack error-dependent activation of the rostral anterior cingulate, Biol. Psychiatry, 55, 531, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.011 Franklin, 2002, Decreased gray matter concentration in the insular, orbitofrontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices of cocaine patients, Biol. Psychiatry, 51, 134, 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01269-0 Garavan, 2003, A midline dissociation between error-processing and response-conflict monitoring, NeuroImage, 20, 1132, 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00334-3 Gehring, 2002, The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses, Science, 295, 2279, 10.1126/science.1066893 Giancola, 1996, Executive cognitive functioning and aggressive behavior in preadolescent boys at high risk for substance abuse/dependence, J. Stud. Alcohol, 57, 352, 10.15288/jsa.1996.57.352 Giancola, 1998, Disruptive, delinquent, aggressive behavior in female adolescents with a psychoactive substance use disorder: relation to executive cognitive functioning, J. Stud. Alcohol., 59, 560, 10.15288/jsa.1998.59.560 Goldstein, 2002, Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex, Am. J. Psychiatry, 159, 1642, 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1642 Goldstein, 2001, Addiction changes orbitofrontal gyrus function: involvement in response inhibition, NeuroReport, 12, 2595, 10.1097/00001756-200108080-00060 Grant, 1978, The collaborative neuropsychological study of polydrug users, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 35, 1063, 10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770330037003 Grant, 1996, Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 93, 12040, 10.1073/pnas.93.21.12040 Grant, 2000, Drug abusers show impaired performance in a laboratory test of decision making, Neuropsychologia, 38, 1180, 10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00158-X Harris, 2003, Neurocognitive impairment due to chronic alcohol consumption in an American Indian community, J. Stud. Alcohol, 64, 458, 10.15288/jsa.2003.64.458 Heinz, 1998, In vivo association between alcohol intoxication, aggression, and serotonin transporter availability in nonhuman primates, Am. J. Psychiatry, 155, 1023, 10.1176/ajp.155.8.1023 Higley, 1999, Central nervous system serotonin and personality as variables contributing to excessive alcohol consumption in non-human primates, Alcohol, 34, 402, 10.1093/alcalc/34.3.402 Holroyd, 2004, Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex shows fMRI response to internal and external error signals, Nat. Neurosci., 7, 497, 10.1038/nn1238 Isenberg, 1999, Linguistic threat activates the human amygdale, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 96, 10456, 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10456 Jentsch, 2000, Role for dopamine in the behavioral functions of the prefrontal corticostriatal system: implications for mental disorders and psychotropic drug action, Prog. Brain Res., 126, 433, 10.1016/S0079-6123(00)26028-7 Kaufman, 2003, Cingulate hypoactivity in cocaine users during a GO–NOGO task as revealed by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, J. Neurosci., 23, 7839, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-21-07839.2003 Kilts, 2004, The neural correlates of cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent women, Am. J. Psychiatry, 161, 233, 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.233 Kwon, 2003, Neural correlates of clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in obsessive–compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Res., 122, 37, 10.1016/S0925-4927(02)00104-X Lawton-Craddock, 2003, Cognitive efficiency in stimulant abusers with and without alcohol dependence, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 27, 457, 10.1097/01.ALC.0000056620.98842.E6 Levenson, 2000, The psychopath as observer: emotion and attention in picture processing, J. Abnorm. Psychology, 109, 373, 10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.373 Li, 2001, Aging cognition: from neuromodulation to representation, Trends Cogn. Sci., 5, 479, 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01769-1 Liberzon, 2000, Limbic activation and psychophysiologic responses to aversive visual stimuli: interaction with cognitive task, Neuropsychopharmacology, 23, 508, 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00157-3 Lieberman, 2004, The neural correlates of placebo effects: a disruption account, NeuroImage, 22, 447, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.037 London, 2000, Orbitofrontal cortex and human drug abuse: functional imaging, Cereb. Cortex, 10, 334, 10.1093/cercor/10.3.334 London, 2004, Mood disturbances and regional cerebral metabolic abnormalities in recently abstinent methamphetamine abusers, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 61, 73, 10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.73 Mai, 1997 Manes, 2002, Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex, Brain, 125, 624, 10.1093/brain/awf049 Mathalon, 2003, Anatomy of an error: ERP and fMRI, Biol. Psychol., 64, 119, 10.1016/S0301-0511(03)00105-4 Matochik, 2003, Frontal cortical tissue composition in abstinent cocaine abusers: a magnetic resonance imaging study, NeuroImage, 19, 1095, 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00244-1 Matochick, 2005, Altered brain tissue composition in heavy marijuana users, Drug Alcohol Depend., 77, 23, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.06.011 McLellan, 1992, The fifth edition of the addiction severity index: historical critique and normative data, J. Subst. Abuse Treat., 9, 199, 10.1016/0740-5472(92)90062-S Meek, 1989, Neurocognitive impairment: the unrecognized component of dual diagnosis in substance abuse treatment, J. Psychoactive Drugs, 21, 153, 10.1080/02791072.1989.10472155 Mezzich, 2001, The dysregulation inventory: a new scale to assess the risk for substance use disorder, J. Child Adolesc. Subst. Abuse, 10, 35, 10.1300/J029v10n04_04 Mitchell, 2002, Risky decisions and response reversal: is there evidence of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals?, Neuropsychologia, 40, 2013, 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00056-8 Mundy, 2003, Annotation: the neural basis of social impairments in autism: the role of the dorsal medial–frontal cortex and anterior cingulate system, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 44, 793, 10.1111/1469-7610.00165 Murphy, 2001, Decision-making cognition in mania and depression, Psychol. Med., 31, 679, 10.1017/S0033291701003804 Nelson, 2003, Adolescent girls' perceptions of goodness and badness and the role of will in their behavioral decisions, Adolescence, 38, 421 Paulus, 2002, Error rate and outcome predictability affect neural activation in prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate during decision-making, NeuroImage, 15, 836, 10.1006/nimg.2001.1031 Paulus, 2003, Decision making by methamphetamine-dependent subjects is associated with error-rate-independent decrease in prefrontal and parietal activation, Biol. Psychiatry, 53, 65, 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01442-7 Paulus, 2003, Increased activation in the right insula during risk-taking decision making is related to harm avoidance and neuroticism, NeuroImage, 19, 1439, 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00251-9 Paulus, 2004, Anterior cingulate activation in high trait anxious subjects is related to altered error processing during decision making, Biol. Psychiatry, 55, 1179, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.023 Petry, 1998, Shortened time horizons and insensitivity to future consequences in heroin addicts, Addiction, 93, 729, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9357298.x Potenza, 2003, Gambling urges in pathological gambling: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 60, 828, 10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.828 Rogers, 2001, Investigating the neurocognitive deficits associated with chronic drug misuse, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 11, 250, 10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00204-X Rogers, 1999, Dissociable deficits in the decision-making cognition of chronic amphetamine abusers, opiate abusers, patients with focal damage to prefrontal cortex, and tryptophan-depleted normal volunteers: evidence for monoaminergic mechanisms, Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 322, 10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00091-8 Rogers, 1999, Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex, J. Neurosci., 20, 9029, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-20-09029.1999 Rogers, 2003, Tryptophan depletion alters the decision-making of healthy volunteers through altered processing of reward cues, Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 153, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300001 Rogers, 2004, Distinct portions of anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex are activated by reward processing in separable phases of decision-making cognition, Biol. Psychiatry, 55, 594, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.012 Rubinsztein, 2001, Decision-making in mania: a PET study, Brain, 124, 2550, 10.1093/brain/124.12.2550 Saal, 2003, Drugs of abuse and stress trigger a common synaptic adaptation in dopamine neurons, Neuron, 37, 577, 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00021-7 Scheiera, 1995, Effects of early adolescent drug use on cognitive efficacy in early-late adolescence: a developmental structural model, J. Subst. Abuse, 7, 379, 10.1016/0899-3289(95)90011-X Schweitzer, 2000, Alterations in the functional anatomy of working memory in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Am. J. Psychiatry, 157, 278, 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.278 Shafer, 1997, Spousal violence and cognitive functioning among men recovering from multiple substance abuse, Addict. Behav., 22, 127, 10.1016/S0306-4603(96)00012-3 Sharpe, 1995, The role of autonomic arousal in problem gambling, Addiction, 90, 1529, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02815.x Swick, 2002, Dissociation between conflict detection and error monitoring in the human anterior cingulate cortex, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 99, 16354, 10.1073/pnas.252521499 Tarter, 2003, Neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood predicts early age at onset of substance use disorder, Am. J. Psychiatry, 160, 1078, 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1078 Tarter, 2004, Neurobehavior disinhibition in childhood predisposes boys to substance use disorder by young adulthood: direct and mediated etiologic pathways, Drug Alcohol Depend., 73, 121, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.07.004 Volavka, 1995 Walton, 2004, Interactions between decision making and performance monitoring within prefrontal cortex, Nat. Neurosci., 7, 1259, 10.1038/nn1339 Weissman, 2004, Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex resolves conflict from distracting stimuli by boosting attention toward relevant events, Cereb. Cortex, 6 Winstanley, 2004, Contrasting roles of basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive choice, J. Neurosci., 24, 4718, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5606-03.2004