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Các yếu tố nguy cơ đối với sự xâm nhập, lây lan và tồn tại của virus bệnh chân tay miệng ở Đông Rwanda
Tóm tắt
Việc xác định các yếu tố nguy cơ là rất quan trọng trong kiểm soát bệnh chân tay miệng (FMD), đặc biệt là ở các quốc gia lưu hành. Tại Rwanda, gần như tất cả các đợt bùng phát virus bệnh chân tay miệng (FMDV) đều bắt đầu từ vùng Đông Rwanda. Xác định các yếu tố nguy cơ ở khu vực này sẽ hỗ trợ các nỗ lực kiểm soát của chính phủ. Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành để xác định và lập bản đồ những yếu tố nguy cơ khác nhau cho sự xâm nhập, lây lan và tồn tại của FMDV ở Đông Rwanda. Các bảng hỏi đã được phát cho nông dân trong quá trình thăm trang trại nhằm thiết lập các yếu tố nguy cơ cho các đợt bùng phát FMD. Các biện pháp thống kê mô tả đã được xác định và tỷ lệ Odds được tính toán để xác định ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố nguy cơ đến sự xuất hiện của FMD. Hệ thống thông tin địa lý Quantum (QGIS) đã được sử dụng để tạo ra các bản đồ chủ đề về tỷ lệ các yếu tố nguy cơ tiềm ẩn cho FMD theo từng làng. Dựa trên nhận thức của nông dân, 85,31% (với p < 0,01) đã trải qua nhiều đợt bùng phát hơn vào mùa khô chính, một phát hiện nhất quán với các báo cáo khác ở các khu vực khác trên thế giới. Phân tích đơn biến cho thấy nông nghiệp hỗn hợp (OR = 1,501, p = 0,163, CI = 95%) và phương pháp chăn nuôi tự nhiên (OR = 1,626; p = 0,21, CI = 95%) có liên quan đến sự xuất hiện của FMD, cho thấy rằng hai yếu tố nguy cơ này có thể chịu trách nhiệm cho các đợt bùng phát FMD ở các trang trại. Sự xuất hiện của FMD trong các trang trại được tìm thấy có liên quan đáng kể đến việc thiếu tiêm phòng cho bê dưới 12 tháng tuổi trong đàn (OR = 0,707; p = 0,046, CI = 95%). Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên mô tả các yếu tố nguy cơ đối với sự tồn tại của FMDV trong hệ thống chăn nuôi ở Rwanda. Tuy nhiên, cần thực hiện thêm các nghiên cứu để hiểu rõ vai trò của việc di chuyển động vật xuyên biên giới và các kiểu gen của FMDV đang lưu hành trong các hệ thống chăn nuôi ở Rwanda.
Từ khóa
#bệnh chân tay miệng #virus bệnh chân tay miệng #yếu tố nguy cơ #Rwanda #nghiên cứu dịch tễ họcTài liệu tham khảo
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