Risk factors for alcohol and other drug use by healthcare professionals

McAuliffe WE, Rohman M, Santangelo S, Feldman B, Magnuson E, Sobol A, Weissman J: Psychoactive drug use among physicians and medical students. NEJM. 1986, 315: 805-810.

Dabney D: Onset of illegal use of mind altering or potentially addictive prescription drugs among pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assn. 2001, 41: 392-400.

Trinkoff AM, Zhou A, Storr CL, Soeken KL: Workplace access, negative proscriptions, job strain, and substance use in registered nurses. Nurs Res. 2000, 49: 83-90. 10.1097/00006199-200003000-00004.

Kenna GA, Wood MD: The Prevalence of alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use and problems among dentists. JADA. 2005, 136: 1023-1032.

Kenna GA, Wood MD: Family history of alcohol and drug use in healthcare professionals. J Sub Use. 2005, 10 (4): 225-238. 10.1080/1465989041233151946.

Ukens C: Does stress up R.Ph.'s substance abuse?. Drug Topics. 2000, 143: 33

Coombs RH: Addicted health professionals. J Sub Misuse. 1996, 1: 187-194.

Moss HB, Chen CM, Yi HY: Subtypes of alcohol dependence in a nationally representative sample. Drug Alc Depend. 2007, 91 (2–3): 149-58. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.016.

Kranzler HR, Wilcox M, Weiss RD, Brady K, Hesselbrock V, Rounsaville B, Farrer L, Gelernter J: The validity of cocaine dependence subtypes. Addict Behav. 2008, 33 (1): 41-53. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.05.011.

Lynskey MT, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Nelson EC, Madden PA, Todorov AA, Grant JD, Martin NG, Heath AC: Subtypes of illicit drug users: a latent class analysis of data from an Australian twin sample. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006, 9 (4): 523-30. 10.1375/twin.9.4.523.

Dillman DA: Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. 2000, New York, NY: Wiley & Sons, Inc, Second

McAuliffe W, Rohman M, Breer P: Alcohol use and abuse in random samples of physicians and medical students. Am J Pub Health. 1991, 81: 177-182.

Hughes P, Brandenburg N, DeWitt B: Prevalence of substance use among US physicians. JAMA. 1992, 267: 2333-2339. 10.1001/jama.267.17.2333.

Crews TM, Sher KJ: Using adapted short MASTs for assessing parental alcoholism: reliability and validity. Alc Clin Exp Res. 1992, 16: 576-584. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01420.x.

Kenna GA, Wood MD: Substance use by pharmacists and other health professionals. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2004, 44 (6): 684-693. 10.1331/1544345042467281.

Mynatt S: A model of contributing risk factors to chemical dependency in nurses. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 1996, 34 (7): 13-22.

DeVellis RF: Scale Development: Theory and Applications. 1991, Newbury Park: Sage

Stevens JP: Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. 2002, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 4

Comrey AL: Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. J Con Clin Psych. 1988, 56: 754-761. 10.1037/0022-006X.56.5.754.

Clark LA, Watson D: Constructing validity: basic issues in objective scale development. Psy Assess. 1995, 7: 309-319. 10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309.

Rohrbaugh J, Jessor R: Religiosity in youth. A personal control against deviant behavior. J Personality. 1975, 43: 136-155. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00577.x.

Kenna GA: Pharmaco-expectancy Beliefs and Social Influence Processes Affecting Drug Use in Pharmacy and Nursing Students. Thesis. 2001, University of Rhode Island, Kingston

Kenna GA, Wood MD: Relations Between Social Influence Factors, Pharmaco-Expectancy, Drug Use and Problems in Healthcare Students. Paper presented to the 72nd Annual Eastern Psychological Association Convention, Wash. D.C. 2001

Graham JW, Marks G, Hansen WB: Social influence processes affecting adolescent substance use. J Applied Psy. 1991, 76: 291-298. 10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.291.

Wood MD, Read JP, Palfai TP, Stevenson JF: Social influence processes and college student drinking: the mediational role of alcohol outcome expectancies. J Stud Alc. 2001, 62 (1): 32-43.

Clark A, Kay J, Clark D: Patterns of psychoactive drug prescriptions by house officers for non-patients. J Med Ed. 1988, 63: 44-50.

Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS: Using Multivariate Statistics. 2006, New York, NY: Harper Collins, 6

Cottler LB, Zipp JF, Robins LN, Spitznagel EL: Difficult to recruit respondents and their effect on prevalence estimates in an epidemiological survey. Am J Epidem. 1987, 125: 329-339.

Sheikh K, Mattingly S: Investigating non-response bias in mail surveys. J Epi Com Health. 1981, 35: 293-296.

Trinkoff AM, Storr CL: Collecting substance use data with an anonymous mailed survey. Drug Alc Depend. 1997, 48: 1-8. 10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00095-1.

Engle G: The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977, 196: 129-136. 10.1126/science.847460.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. 2007, Office of Applied Studies, Rockville, MD, NHSDA Series H-32; DHHS Publication No. SMA 07-4293

Bissell L, Haberman PW, Williams RL: Pharmacists recovering from alcohol and other addictions: an interview study. Am Pharm. 1989, NS29: 19-30.

Kandel D, Yamaguchi K, Chen K: Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory. J Stud Alc. 1992, 53: 262-272.

Kranzler HR, Amin H, Cooney NL: Screening for health behaviors in ambulatory clinical settings: does smoking status predict hazardous drinking?. Add Behav. 2002, 27: 737-49. 10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00206-4.

Kenna GA, Wood MD: Contributions of background, psychological and social influences predicting drug use in college students. Paper presented at the 110th American Psychological Association Convention, Chicago, Ill. 2002

Passik SD, Hays L, Eisner N, Kirsh KL: Psychiatric and pain characteristics of prescription drug abusers entering drug rehabilitation. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2006, 20 (2): 5-13.

Bohigian G, Croughan J, Sanders K: Substance abuse and dependence in physicians: an overview of the effects of alcohol and drug abuse. Missouri Med. 1994, 91: 233-239.

Daeppen JB, Smith TL, Schuckit MA: How would you label your own drinking pattern overall? An evaluation of answers provided by 181 high functioning middle-aged men. Alc Alc. 1999, 34 (5): 767-72.

Rehm J, Gmel G: Patterns of alcohol consumption and social consequences. Results from an 8-year follow-up study in Switzerland. Addict. 1999, 94: 899-912. 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94689912.x.

National Institute on Drug Abuse: The Validity of Self-Reported Drug Use: Improving the Accuracy of Survey Estimates. NIDA Research Monograph 167. 1996, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Wash:D.C, 247-272.

Wood LD, Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Dornheim L, Agrawal S: Nondaily drinkers score higher on the Alcohol Dependence Scale than daily drinkers. Addic Beh. 2003, 28: 347-52. 10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00224-6.

Lewis DC: Physician Leadership on National Drug Policy: advocacy for an effective drug policy. Med Health R I. 1999, 82 (3): 101-4.

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists: Statement on the Pharmacist's role in substance abuse prevention, education and assistance. Am J Health-Sys Pharm. 2003, 60: 1995-8.

American Association of Colleges of Nurses: Position statement: Policy and guidelines for prevention and management of substance abuse in the nursing community. 1994, Washington, DC: Author

Dole EJ, Tommasello A: Recommendations for implementing effective substance abuse education in pharmacy practice. Strategic plan for interdisciplinary faculty development: arming the nation's health professional workforce for a new approach to substance use disorders. Edited by: Haack MR, Hoover A. 2002, Providence: AMERSA, 263-71. 1