Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone

Aguirre, 1981, Zearalenone formation on corn by field inoculation, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 58, A589

Allen, 1980, Effect of zearalenone on reproduction in chickens, Poult. Sci., 59, 1577

Allen, 1981, Effect of dietary zearalenone on reproduction of chickens, Poult. Sci., 60, 1165, 10.3382/ps.0601165

Allen, 1983, Effects of Fusarium cultures, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone on reproduction of turkey females, Poult. Sci., 62, 282, 10.3382/ps.0620282

1986, Lancet, 721

Appelgren, 1982, Autoradiographic studies of [3H]zearalenone in mice, Toxicology, 25, 243, 10.1016/0300-483X(82)90033-6

Argumedo, 1985, Determination of aflatoxins and detection of zearalenone in samples of corn from nixtamal mills in Mexico City, Tecnol. Aliment. (Mexico City), 20, 15

Argumedo, 1985, Determination of aflatoxins and detection of zearalenone in samples of corn from nixtamal mills in Mexico City, Tecnol. Aliment. (Mexico City), 20, 18

Arora, 1981, Interference of mycotoxin with prenatal development of the mouse. I. Influence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone, Acta Vet. Scand., 22, 524, 10.1186/BF03548677

Arora, 1983, Inhibition of ochratoxin and teratogenesis by zearalenone and diethylstilboestrol, Food Chem. Toxicol., 21, 779, 10.1016/0278-6915(83)90212-0

Atlin, 1983, Gibberella ear rot development and zearalenone and vomitoxin production as affected by maize genotype and Gibberella zeae strain, Canad. J. Plant Sci., 63, 847, 10.4141/cjps83-107

Aucock, 1980, Field outbreaks of hyperoestrogenism (vulvo-vaginitis) in pigs consuming maize infected by Fusarium graminearum and contaminated with zearalenone, J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc., 51, 163

Babadoost, 1983, Zearalenone in sorghum fractionated by density segregation, Phytopathology, 73, 823

Bacon, 1976, Growth of broilers and quail fed Fusarium (Gibberella zeae)-infected corn and zearalenone (F-2), Poult. Sci., 55, 1531, 10.3382/ps.0551531

Bagneris, 1986, Liquid chromatographic determination of zearalenone and zearalenol in animal feeds and grains, using fluorescence detection, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 69, 894

Baldwin, 1983, Zeranol: A review of the metabolism, toxicology, and analytical methods for detection of tissue residues, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 3, 9, 10.1016/0273-2300(83)90046-6

Barrett, 1983, Inability of diethylstilbestrol to induce 6-thioguanine resistant mutants and to inhibit metabolic cooperation of V79 Chinese hamster cells, Mutat. Res., 107, 427, 10.1016/0027-5107(83)90181-1

Bartholomew, 1980, Lack of mutagenicity of some phytoestrogens in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay, Mutat. Res., 78, 317, 10.1016/0165-1218(80)90036-1

Bartoš, 1981, Výskyt zearalenonu v tuzemských zrninach. (The occurrence of zearalenone in grains produced in Czechoslovakia.), Vet. Med., Praha, 26, 505

Bata, 1981, Stability of zearalenone with respect to the possibility of detoxication, Acta Aliment., 10, 161

Bata, 1983, Screening program concerning eventual occurrence of zearalenone in Hungarian red pepper, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 177, 203, 10.1007/BF01146797

Bata, 1983, Simultaneous detection of some fusariotoxins by gas-liquid chromatography, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66, 577

Bauer, 1980, Fusarientoxine als Ursache von Futterverweigerung und Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen beim Pferd. (Fusarium toxins as a cause of refusal of feed and fertility disorders in horses.), Tierärztl. Umsch., 35, 600

Bauer, 1980, Zur Kontamination von Futtermitteln mit toxinbildenden Fusarienstammen und deren Toxinen, Wien Tierärztl. Monats., 67, 282

Becci, 1982, Combined two-generation reproduction teratogenesis study of zearalenone in the rat, J. Appl. Toxicol., 2, 201, 10.1002/jat.2550020406

Becci, 1982, Long-term carcinogenicity and toxicity study of zearalenone in the rat, J. Appl. Toxicol., 2, 247, 10.1002/jat.2550020507

Benham, 1982, Mould and mycotoxins in animal feeding stuffs 1980, 38

Bennett, 1976, Zearalenone: distribution in dry-milled fractions of contaminated corn, Cereal Chem., 53, 299

Bennett, 1978, Distribution of aflatoxin and/or zearalenone in wet-milled corn products: A review, J. Agric. Food Chem., 26, 1055, 10.1021/jf60219a027

Bennett, 1978, Zearalenone: Distribution in wet-milling fractions from contaminated corn, Cereal Chem., 55, 455

Bennett, 1979, Zearalenone in cereal grains, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 56, 812, 10.1007/BF02909525

Bennett, 1980, Destruction of zearalenone in contaminated corn, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 57, 245, 10.1007/BF02668251

Bennett, 1981, Utilization of zearalenone-contaminated corn for ethanol production, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 58, 974, 10.1007/BF02659774

Bennett, 1985, Liquid chromatographic determination of α-zearalenol and zearalenone in corn: Collaborative study, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 68, 958

Berisford, 1976, Effect of insecticides on growth and zearalenone (F-2) production by the fungus, Fusarium graminearum. Environ. Entomol., 5, 644, 10.1093/ee/5.4.644

Berisford, 1976, Use of the insecticide naled to control zearalenone production, J. Agric. Food Chem., 24, 973, 10.1021/jf60207a015

Betina, 1984, Zearalenone and Brefeldin A, 237

Blaney, 1984, Zearalenone intoxication of pigs, Austral. Vet. J., 61, 24, 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1984.tb07126.x

Blaney, 1984, Mycotoxins and fungal damage in maize harvested during 1982 in far north Queensland, Austral. J. Agric. Res., 35, 463, 10.1071/AR9840463

Blaney, 1986, Mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi in insect-damaged maize harvested during 1983 in far north Queensland, Austral. J. Agric. Res., 37, 235, 10.1071/AR9860235

Böhm, 1985, On the occurrence of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (F-2 toxin) in Austrian feed samples analysed over a period of 5 years (1979–1984) related with fertility problems in cattle and swine, Bodenkultur, 36, 333

Bolliger, 1972, Vier neue Metabolite von Gibberella zeae: 5-Formyl-zearalenon, 7′-Dehydrozearalenon, 8′-Hydroxy-und 8′-epi-Hydroxyzearalenone, Helv. Chim. Acta, 55, 3030, 10.1002/hlca.19720550835

Bottalico, 1977, Production of zearalenone by Fusarium spp. from cereals, in Italy, Phytopathol. Mediterr., 16, 75

Bottalico, 1977, Survey of freshly harvested maize from some European localities for Fusarium spp. and zearalenone, in 1976, Phytopathol. Mediterr., 16, 142

Bottalico, 1979, On the occurrence of zearalenone in Italy, Mycopathologia, 67, 119, 10.1007/BF00440684

Bottalico, 1980, Presenza di aflatossine, di zearalenone e di ceppi di Aspergilli produttori di aflatossine in campioni di farina di manioca, Zootec. Nutr. Anim., 6, 209

Bottalico, 1982, Influenza della temperatura sulla produzione di zearalenone da parte di isolati di Fusarium da cereali, in Italia, Phytopathol. Mediterr., 21, 79

Bottalico, 1983, Mycotoxins occurring in Fusarium infected maize ears in the field, in some European countries, 375

Bottalico, 1984, Production of zearalenone, trichothecenes and moniliformin by Fusarium species from cereals, in Italy, 199

Bottalico, 1985, Occurrence of zearalenols (diastereoisomeric mixture) in corn stalk rot and their production by associated Fusarium species, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 49, 547, 10.1128/AEM.49.3.547-551.1985

Boutibonnes, 1979, Antibacterial activity of zearalenone, Canad. J. Microbiol., 25, 421, 10.1139/m79-064

Boutibonnes, 1979, Antibacterial activity, DNA-attacking ability and mutagenic ability of the mycotoxin zearalenone, IRCS Med. Sci., 7, 204

Boyd, 1978, Mechanism of Fusarium mycotoxin action in mammary gland, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 4, 1, 10.1080/15287397809529638

Buckle, 1983, The occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and animal feedstuffs, Vet. Res. Commun., 7, 171, 10.1007/BF02228614

Bulger, 1985, Estrogenic activity of pesticides and other xenobiotics on the uterus and male reproductive tract, 1

Caldwell, 1968, Zearalenone production among Fusarium species, Phytopathology, 58, 1046

Chakrabarti, 1986, Occurrence of free and conjugated 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes and zearalenone in banana fruits infected with Fusarium moniliforme, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 51, 217, 10.1128/AEM.51.1.217-219.1986

Chang, 1984, Short liquid chromatographic method for determination of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 67, 741

Chang, 1979, Effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone on swine reproduction, Amer. J. Vet. Res., 40, 1260

Chang, 1984, Transformation of zearalenone and zearalenol by rat erythrocytes, Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 887, 10.1016/0278-6915(84)90171-6

Chelkowski, 1981, Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part IV. Inactivation of ochratoxin A and other mycotoxins during ammoniation, Nahrung, 25, 631, 10.1002/food.19810250705

Chelkowski, 1983, Mycotoxins in cereal grains. Part IX. Zearalenone and Fusaria in wheat, barley, rye and corn kernels, Nahrung, 27, 525, 10.1002/food.19830270602

Chi, 1980, Effect of zearalenone on female white leghorn chickens, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 39, 1026, 10.1128/AEM.39.5.1026-1030.1980

Clark, 1977, Nuclear binding and retention of the receptor estrogen complex: Relation to the agonistic and antagonistic properties of estriol, Endocrinology, 100, 91, 10.1210/endo-100-1-91

Clive, 1979, Validation and characterization of the L6178Y/TK+/− mouse lymphoma mutagen assay system, Mutat. Res., 59, 61, 10.1016/0027-5107(79)90195-7

1985, 477

Cole, 1981

Collet, 1977, Contamination par mycotoxines de mais conservés en cribs et visiblement altérés, Ann. Nutr. Aliment., 31, 447

Cooray, 1984, Effects of some mycotoxins on mitogen-induced blastogenesis and SCE frequency in human lymphocytes, Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 529, 10.1016/0278-6915(84)90222-9

Cordero, 1985, Premature thelarche in Puerto Rico: Design of a case-control study, 380

Cornwall, 1984, The relationship between prenatal lethality or fetal weight and intrauterine position in rats exposed to diethylstilbestrol, zeranol, 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, or cadmium, Teratology, 30, 341, 10.1002/tera.1420300306

Côté, 1984, Survey of vomitoxin-contaminated feed grains in midwestern United States, and associated health problems in swine, J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc., 184, 189

Cullen, 1982, Cultural characteristics, pathogenicity, and zearalenone production by strains of Gibberella zeae isolated from corn, Phytopathology, 72, 1415, 10.1094/Phyto-72-1415

Dailey, 1980, Metabolism of[14C]zearalenone in laying hens, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28, 286, 10.1021/jf60228a008

Damoglou, 1984, The interaction between Fusaria and their mycotoxins in grass silage, J. Sci. Food Agric., 35, 279, 10.1002/jsfa.2740350306

di Menna, 1985, Presence of zearalenone in New Zealand pasture leaves, New Zealand Vet. J., 33, 193, 10.1080/00480169.1985.35232

Dirheimer, 1984, DNA binding studies on anabolic agents

Dixon, 1986, Radioimmunoassay of the anabolic agent zeranol. IV. The determination of zeranol concentrations in the edible tissues of cattle implanted with zeranol (Ralgro), J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 9, 94, 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1986.tb00017.x

Draughon, 1985, Effect of pesticides on zearalenone production in culture and in corn plants, Phytopathology, 75, 553, 10.1094/Phyto-75-553

Dutton, 1985, Occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and animal feedstuffs in Natal, South Africa, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 68, 839

Ehrlich, 1984, Mycotoxins in grain dust: Method for analysis of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, vomitoxin, and secalonic acid D, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 67, 963

Engelhardt, 1986, Production of mycotoxins by Fusarium species isolated in Germany. 1. Time course of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and zearalenone formation on solid substrates, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 182, 123, 10.1007/BF01454244

Eppley, 1974, Survey of corn for Fusarium toxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 57, 632

Escoula, 1979, Fusarium graminearum dans les ensilages. Production de zéaralénone, Ann. Rech. Vét., 10, 615

Etienne, 1982, Effects of zearalenone (F2) on estrous activity and reproduction in gilts, J. Anim. Sci., 55, 1, 10.2527/jas1982.5511

Eugenio, 1970, Factors affecting production of the mycotoxin F-2 by Fusarium roseum, Phytopathology, 60, 1055, 10.1094/Phyto-60-1055

Falk, 1982, Liver

Farnsworth, 1975, Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents, II, J. Pharm. Sci., 64, 717, 10.1002/jps.2600640504

Farnsworth, 1981, The effect of acute administration of the mycotoxin zearalenone to female pigs, J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 16, 239, 10.1080/03601238109372255

Farnsworth, 1983, The metabolism of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its effects on the reproductive tracts of young male and female pigs, Canad. J. Anim. Sci., 63, 967, 10.4141/cjas83-111

Fuller, 1982, A primate model for assessing estrogenicity—The castrate female rhesus monkey, Int. J. Primatol., 3, 283

Funnell, 1979, Mycotoxins in animal feedstuffs in Ontario 1972 to 1977, Canad. J. Comp. Med., 43, 243

Gareis, 1985, Natural occurrence of trichothecenes and zearalenone in feedstuffs in the Federal Republic of Germany, 66

Gay, 1982, The actions of mycotoxins on French corn, 91

Gbodi, 1986, The mycoflora and some mycotoxins found in acha (Digitaria exilis Stapf) in Plateau State, Nigeria, Food Chem. Toxicol., 24, 339, 10.1016/0278-6915(86)90012-8

Ghosal, 1978, Toxic substances produced by Fusarium. V. Occurrence of zearalenone, diacetoxyscirpenol, and T-2 toxin in moldy corn infected with Fusarium moniliforme Sheld, J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1768, 10.1002/jps.2600671238

Gimeno, 1983, Analytical and mycological study of a natural outbreak of zearalenone mycotoxicosis in horses, 387

Glatt, 1979, Diethylstilbestrol and 11 derivatives, a mutagenicity study with Salmonella typhimurium, Mutat. Res., 67, 113, 10.1016/0165-1218(79)90122-8

Gold, 1984, A carcinogenic potency database of the standardized results of animal bioassays, Environ. Health Perspect., 58, 9, 10.1289/ehp.84589

Gray, 1985, Alteration of behavioural sex differentiation by exposure to estrogenic compounds during a critical neonatal period: Effects of zearalenone, methoxychlor, and estradiol in hamsters, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 80, 127, 10.1016/0041-008X(85)90107-3

Greenhalgh, 1983, Deoxynivalenol, acetyldeoxynivalenol and zearalenone formation by Canadian isolates of Fusarium graminearum on solid substrates, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 46, 625, 10.1128/AEM.46.3.625-629.1983

Greenman, 1979, Nuclear interactions of Fusarium mycotoxins with estradiol binding sites in the mouse uterus, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 5, 593, 10.1080/15287397909529771

Greenman, 1984, Influence of strain and age on the induction of mammary tumors by diethylstilboestrol in C3H mice, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 22, 871, 10.1016/0278-6915(84)90167-4

Griffin, 1984, No Hormonal Effect in Non-human Primates of Oral Zeranol

Gross, 1975, Zearalenone production in barley, Ann. Appl. Biol., 80, 211, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1975.tb01624.x

Hagler, 1979, Identification of the naturally occurring isomer of zearalenol produced by Fusarium roseum “Gibbosum” in rice culture, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 37, 849, 10.1128/AEM.37.5.849-853.1979

Hagler, 1980, Transmission of zearalenone and its metabolite into ruminant milk, Acta Vet. Acad. Sci. Hungar, 28, 209

Hagler, 1984, Simultaneous occurrence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin in 1982 scabby wheat from the midwestern United States, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 47, 151, 10.1128/AEM.47.1.151-154.1984

Hald, 1983, Toxicoses and natural occurrence in Denmark, 251

Hart, 1982, Production of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in commercial sweet corn, Plant Dis., 66, 1133, 10.1094/PD-66-1133

Haseman, 1984, Results from 86 two-year carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 14, 621, 10.1080/15287398409530613

Health and Welfare Canada, 1976

Heston, 1973, Effects of the antifertility drug Enovid in five strains of mice, with particular regard to carcinogenesis, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 51, 209, 10.1093/jnci/51.1.209

Hidy, 1977, Zearalenone and some derivatives: Production and biological activities, Vol. 22, 59

Highman, 1980, Neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions induced in female C3H mice by diets containing diethy stilbestrol or 17-beta-estradiol, Environ. Pathol. Toxicol., 4, 81

Hobson, 1977, Hormone effects of zearalenone in nonhuman primates, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 3, 43, 10.1080/15287397709529548

Howell, 1982, Mycotoxin monitoring in the feed industry, 44

Huff, 1985, Density segregation of corn and wheat naturally contaminated with aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, J. Food Prot., 48, 416, 10.4315/0362-028X-48.5.416

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1979, Vol. 21, 173

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1983, Vol. 31, 279

International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens (ICPEMC), 1984, Report of ICPEMC Taskgroup 5 on the differentiation between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, Mutat. Res., 133, 1, 10.1016/0165-1110(84)90002-2

Ingerowski, 1979, In vitro metabolism of the anabolic drug zeranol, J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol., 2, 1173

Ingerowski, 1981, Mutagenicity studies on veterinary anabolic drugs with the Salmonella/microsome test, Mutat. Res., 91, 93, 10.1016/0165-7992(81)90078-6

Ishidate, 1981, Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro as a primary screening tool for environmental mutagens and/or carcinogens, Gann., 27, 95

Ito, 1983, Effects of neonatally administered zearalenone on murine reproductive physiology, Maikotokishin, 18, 45

James, 1982, High pressure liquid chromatography of zearalenone and zearalenols in rat urine and liver, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 65, 8

James, 1982, Effect of dietary alfalfa on zearalenone toxicity and metabolism in rats and swine, J. Anim. Sci., 55, 110, 10.2527/jas1982.551110x

Jemmali, 1978, Natural occurrence of trichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, T2) and zearalenone in corn, Experientia, 34, 1333, 10.1007/BF01981454

Jemmali, 1980, Présence de zéaralénone ou F2 dans les noix du commerce, Ann. Microbiol. (Paris) B, 131, 319

Kallela, 1978, Variation of F-2 toxin production on different substrates, Nord. Veterinaer Med., 30, 424

Kallela, 1981, Decomposition of the Fusarium graminearum toxin zearalenone in storage conditions, Nord. Veterinaer Med., 33, 454

Kallela, 1981, The effect of grain preservatives on the growth of the fungus Fusarium graminearum and on the quantity of zearalenone, Acta Vet. Scand., 22, 417, 10.1186/BF03548667

Kallela, 1982, The effects of “Gasol” grain preservative dosages on the growth of Fusarium graminearum and the quantity of the toxin zearalenone, Nord. Veterinaer Med., 34, 124

Katzenellenbogen, 1979, Zearalenones: Characterization of the estrogenic potencies and receptor interactions of a series of fungal β-resorcylic acid lactones, Endocrinology, 105, 33, 10.1210/endo-105-1-33

Katzenellenbogen, 1980, Uterine estrogen-induced protein: An index of uterine sensitivity to hormones, 267

Kiang, 1978, Binding characteristics of zearalenone analogs to estrogen receptors, Cancer Res., 38, 3611

Kitagawa, 1982, Interaction between zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, and the estrogen receptor of the rat brain, 15, 28

Krewski, 1986, Statistical modelling and extrapolation of carcinogenesis data, 259

Kuczuk, 1978, Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of mycotoxins using Salmonella typhimurium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mutat. Res., 53, 11, 10.1016/0165-1161(78)90375-8

Kumagai, 1982, Neonatal exposure to zearalenone causes persistent anovulatory estrus in the rat, Arch. Toxicol., 50, 279, 10.1007/BF00310860

Kumar, 1983, Purification and characterization of creatine kinase, an estrogen-induced uterine protein (IP) from immature rats, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 111, 156, 10.1016/S0006-291X(83)80130-2

Lafont, 1980, Contaminations du maïs par des mycotoxines, Bull. Acad. Vet. Fr., 53, 533

Lásztity, 1975, Toxinbildung bei Fusarium-Arten und Vorkommen der Toxine in landwirtschaftliche Produkten, Nahrung, 19, 537, 10.1002/food.19750190703

Lásztity, 1979, Detoxification of agricultural products contaminated with Fusarium toxin, Hung. Teljes, 16, 518

Lásztity, 1979, Chem. Abstr., 91, 173703

Lau, 1984, Application of GC/CI/MS/MS in rapid screening of eight underivatized trichothecenes and zearalenone in grains

Lee, 1985, The coexistence of the Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Korean cereals harvested in 1983, Food Addit. Contam., 2, 185, 10.1080/02652038509373542

Lee, 1986, Further survey on the Fusarium mycotoxins in Korean cereals, Food Addit. Contam., 3, 253, 10.1080/02652038609373589

Leibetseder, 1985, Natural occurrence of mycotoxins in Austria, 68

Lew, 1979, Futterungsprobleme bei Mastschweinen verursacht durch fusarientoxinhältigen Mais, Bodenkultur, 30, 309

Li, 1985, Some biological and toxicological studies of various estrogen mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, 168

Lindenfelser, 1978, Wild rice as fermentation substrate for mycotoxin production, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35, 105, 10.1128/AEM.35.1.105-108.1978

Lindsay, 1985, Zeranol—A “Nature-Identical” estrogen?, Food Chem. Toxicol., 23, 767, 10.1016/0278-6915(85)90273-X

Liu, 1985, Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the mycotoxin zearalenone, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 50, 332, 10.1128/AEM.50.2.332-336.1985

Long, 1982, Effect of Fusarium roseum corn culture containing zearalenone on early pregnancy in swine, Amer. J. Vet. Res., 43, 1599

López, 1980, Identification de la micotoxina zearalenone en la Argentina, Rev. Argent. Microbiol., 12, 29

Lovelace, 1977, Estimation of the fungal toxins, zearalenone and aflatoxin, contaminating opaque maize beer in Zambia, J. Sci. Food Agric., 28, 288, 10.1002/jsfa.2740280312

L'vova, 1981, Formation of mycotoxins during storage of freshly harvested corn, Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol., 17, 766

Marasas, 1977, Occurrence of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, in maize in southern Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci., 73, 346

Marasas, 1979, Incidence of Fusarium species and the mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, in corn produced in esophageal cancer areas in Transkei, J. Agric. Food Chem., 27, 1108, 10.1021/jf60225a013

Marasas, 1981, Mycoflora of corn produced in human esophageal cancer areas in Transkei, Southern Africa, Phytopathology, 71, 792, 10.1094/Phyto-71-792

Marasas, 1984

Martin, 1978, Phytoestrogen interaction with estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells, Endocrinology, 103, 1860, 10.1210/endo-103-5-1860

Martin, 1978, The occurrence of zearalenone in raw and fermented products from Swaziland and Lesotho, Sabrouaudia, 16, 15, 10.1080/00362177885380031

Matsuura, 1979, Stability of zearalenone in aqueous solutions of some food additives, J. Food. Hyg. Soc. Japan., 20, 385, 10.3358/shokueishi.20.385

Matsuura, 1981, Effect of food additives and heating on the decomposition of zearalenone in wheat flour, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan., 22, 293, 10.3358/shokueishi.22.293

Matsuura, 1985, Conversion of zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, by brewing microorganisms, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan., 26, 24, 10.3358/shokueishi.26.24

McLachlan, 1984, Diethylstilbestrol and other estrogens in the environment, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 4, 686, 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90089-7

McMillian, 1983, Mycotoxin contamination in grain sorghum from fields in Georgia and Mississippi, Cereal Chem., 60, 226

McNutt, 1928, Vulvovaginitis in swine; preliminary report, J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc., 73, 484

Medina, 1986, High performance liquid chromatographic separation of anabolic oestrogens and ultraviolet detection of 17β-oestradiol, zeranol, diethylstilboestrol or zearalenone in avian muscle tissue extracts, Food Addit. Contam., 3, 263, 10.1080/02652038609373590

Mess, 1979, Alterations in reproductive functions of albino rats treated with a fungus toxin, zearalenone (F2), in the adult age or during the neonatal period, Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 1, 1

Migdalof, 1983, Biotransformation of zeranol: Disposition and metabolism in the female rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and man, Xenobiotica, 13, 209, 10.3109/00498258309052257

Miller, 1983, Fusarium toxins in field corn. I. Time course of fungal growth and production of deoxynivalenol and other mycotoxins, Canad. J. Bot., 61, 3080, 10.1139/b83-345

Miller, 1985, Deoxynivalenol in an experimental Fusarium graminearum infection of wheat, Canad. J. Plant Pathol., 7, 132, 10.1080/07060668509501488

Miller, 1985, Deoxynivalenol and Fusarium head blight resistance in spring cereals, Phytopathol. Z., 113, 359, 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1985.tb04837.x

Mirocha, 1968, Toxic metabolites produced by fungi implicated in mycotoxicoses, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 10, 469, 10.1002/bit.260100407

Mirocha, 1974, Oestrogenic mycotoxins synthesized by Fusarium, 129

Mirocha, 1976, Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in feedstuff, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 32, 553, 10.1128/AEM.32.4.553-556.1976

Mirocha, 1977, Zearalenone, 345

Mirocha, 1977, Chemistry of Fusarium and Stachybotrys mycotoxins, 365

Mirocha, 1979, Mycotoxins—Their biosynthesis in fungi: Zearalenone biosynthesis, J. Food Prot., 42, 821, 10.4315/0362-028X-42.10.821

Mirocha, 1979, Incidence of zearalenol (Fusarium mycotoxin) in animal feed, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 38, 749, 10.1128/AEM.38.4.749-750.1979

Mirocha, 1981, Comparative metabolism of zearalenone and transmission into bovine milk, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 19, 25, 10.1016/0015-6264(81)90299-6

Mirocha, 1982, Distribution and residue determination of [3H]zearalenone in broilers, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 66, 77, 10.1016/0041-008X(82)90062-X

Morita, 1984, Detection of the mycotoxin zearalenone in fungal hyphae by fluorescence microscopy, Canad. J. Plant Pathol., 6, 179, 10.1080/07060668409501581

Muntanola-Cvetkovic, 1983, Mycotoxicological problems in Yugoslavia, 413

Naguib, 1983, Studies on fungi isolated from Egyptian onion bulbs. 2. Detection of mycotoxins using TLC techniques

Naik, 1978, Influence of temperature on the strain of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in zearalenone production, Canad. J. Plant Sci., 58, 1095, 10.4141/cjps78-165

National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1982, Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Zearalenone in F 344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice

Neelakantan, 1979, Occurrence of zearalenone in food grains stacked and stored in open air, Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 16, 58

Neish, 1981, Vomitoxin and zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum from winter wheat and barley in Ontario, Canad. J. Plant Sci., 61, 811, 10.4141/cjps81-123

Neish, 1982, Zearalenone and trichothecene production by some Fusarium species associated with Canadian grains, Canad. J. Plant Pathol., 4, 191, 10.1080/07060668209501325

Neish, 1983, Observations on the occurrence of Fusarium species and their toxins in corn in eastern Ontario, Canad. J. Plant Pathol., 5, 11, 10.1080/07060668309501647

Newberne, 1969, Inhibition of aflatoxin carcinogenesis by diethylstilbestrol in male rats, Arch. Environ. Health, 19, 489, 10.1080/00039896.1969.10666874

Norton, 1982, 77

Okoye, 1986, Zearalenone in native cereal beer brewed in Jos metropolis of Nigeria, J. Food Safety, 7, 233, 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1986.tb00545.x

Olsen, 1981, Reduction of zearalenone to zearalenol in female rat liver by 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 48, 157, 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1981.tb01602.x

Olsen, 1985, Zearalenone metabolism in animals. Subcellular distribution and properties of reducing hepatic enzyme and in vivo measurements of biotransformation, Acta University of Uppsala, Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science, Vol. 15

Olsen, 1985, Plasma and urinary levels of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in a prepubertal gilt fed zearalenone, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 56, 239, 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1985.tb01282.x

Olsen, 1985, Quantitative liquid chromatographic method using fluorescence detection for determining zearalenone and its metabolites in blood plasma and urine, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 68, 632

Olsen, 1986, The occurrence of aflatoxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in maize imported into Sweden, Swed. J. Agric. Res., 16, 77

Palmgren, 1983, Preliminary study of mycoflora and mycotoxins in grain dust from New Orleans are grain elevators, Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 44, 485, 10.1080/15298668391405184

Palyusik, 1980, Transmission of zearalenone and zearalenol into porcine milk, Acta Vet. Acad. Sci. Hungar., 28, 217

Pao, 1982, Foods Commonly Eaten by Individuals: Amount per Day and per Eating Occasion

Parekh, 1983, Determination of the hormonal no-effect level of zeranol in non-human primates, 353

Pathre, 1976, Zearalenone and related compounds, 179

Pathre, 1979, Criteria of purity for zearalenone standards, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 62, 1268

Pathre, 1980, 3′-Hydroxyzearalenones, two new metabolites produced by Fusarium roseum, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28, 421, 10.1021/jf60228a021

Peck, 1977, Estrogenic activity of zeranol in ewes, Horm. Metab. Res., 9, 531, 10.1055/s-0028-1095591

Pepeljnjak, 1982, A survey of mycological and mycotoxicological research on seeds in the nephropathic and anephropathic areas of Yugoslavia (Croatia), 75

Pepeljnjak, 1984, Mycotoxic contamination of haricot beans in nephropathic areas in Yugoslavia, Microbiol. Aliments Nutr., 2, 331

Peters, 1972, Photochemistry of zearalenone and its derivatives, J. Med. Chem., 15, 867, 10.1021/jm00278a028

Peto, 1984, The TD50: A proposed general convention for the numerical description of the carcinogenic potency of chemicals in chronic-exposure animal experiments, Environ. Health Perspect, 58, 1

Plattner, 1983, Rapid detection of Fusarium mycotoxins in grains by quadrupole mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66, 1470

Poel, 1966, Pituitary tumors in mice after prolonged feeding of synthetic progestins, Science, 154, 402, 10.1126/science.154.3747.402

Powell-Jones, 1981, Binding properties of zearalenone mycotoxins to hepatic estrogen receptors, Mol. Pharmacol., 20, 35

Price, 1985, Naturally occuring oestrogens in foods—A review, Food Addit. Contam., 2, 73, 10.1080/02652038509373531

Prior, 1981, Mycotoxins in animal feedstuffs and tissues in western Canada 1975 to 1979, Canad. J. Comp. Med., 45, 116

Purdy, 1985, Does estrogen-induced genotoxicity require receptor-mediated events?, 146

Rao, 1973, Inhibition of aflatoxin and zearalenone biosynthesis with dichlorvos, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 10, 112, 10.1007/BF01685882

Reiss, 1981, Identification of the major component of the estrogen-induced protein of rat uterus as the BB isozyme of creatine kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 256, 5741, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69269-0

Richardson, 1984, Method for detecting production of zearalenone, zearalenol, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol by Fusarium isolates, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 47, 643, 10.1128/AEM.47.4.643-646.1984

Richardson, 1984, Bioconversion of α-[14C]zearalenol and β-[14C]zearalenol by Fusarium roseum “Gibbosum.”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 47, 1206, 10.1128/AEM.47.6.1206-1209.1984

Richardson, 1985, Production of zearalenone, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol by Fusarium spp. isolated from plant materials grown in North Carolina, Mycopathologia, 90, 155, 10.1007/BF00436731

Richardson, 1985, Zearalenone and trichothecene production in soybeans by toxigenic Fusarium, J. Food Prot., 48, 240, 10.4315/0362-028X-48.3.240

Richardson, 1985, Production of zearalenone, α-and β-zearalenol, and α- and β-zearalanol by Fusarium spp. in rice culture, J. Agric. Food Chem., 33, 862, 10.1021/jf00065a024

Ruddick, 1976, Teratological evaluation of zearalenone administered orally to the rat, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 15, 678, 10.1007/BF01685617

Rudiger, 1979, Metabolites of diethylstibestrol induce sister chromatid exchange in cultured fibroblasts, Nature (London), 281, 392, 10.1038/281392a0

Ruhr, 1983, Effect of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone on reproductive potential in the boar, Amer. J. Vet. Res., 44, 483

Ruzsás, 1978, Effect of pre- and perinatal administration of the fungus F2-toxin on the reproduction of the albino rat, Dev. Endocrinol., 3, 57

Ruzsás, 1979, Effect of the fungal toxin (zearalenone) on the reproductive system and fertility of male and female rats, Acta Biol. Acad. Sci. Hungar., 30, 335

Sáenz de Rodríguez, 1984, Environmental hormone contamination in Puerto Rico, N. Engl. J. Med., 310, 1741, 10.1056/NEJM198406283102612

Sáenz de rodríguez, 1985, An epidemic of precocious development in Puerto Rican children, J. Pediatr., 107, 393, 10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80513-8

Sándor, 1984, Occurrence of mycotoxins in feeds, animal organs and secretions, Acta Vet. Hungar., 32, 57

Sarudi, 1979, Treatment of fodders contaminated with zearalenone F2 toxin, Hung. Teljes, 16, 038

1979, Chem. Abstr., 91, 122439z

Scheutwinkel, 1986, Studies on the genotoxicity of the anabolic drugs trenbolone and zeranol, Arch. Toxicol., 59, 4, 10.1007/BF00263948

Schoental, 1983, Health hazards of secondary metabolites of Fusarium, Microbiol. Aliments Nutr., 1, 101

Schroeder, 1976, Development of aflatoxin in “Stuart” pecans as affected by shell integrity, Hort. Sci., 11, 53

Schuh, 1983, Significance of mycotoxins in Austrian domestic animals, 309

Schulze, 1981, Oestrogene in Lebensmitteln, deren Bedeutung und Auswirkungen auf die mensliche Gesundheit sowie Nachweis verfahren, Fleiswirtsch., 61, 1654

Schweighardt, 1981, Nachweis von Mykotoxinen mittels Hochdruckflüssig-keitschromatographie (HPLC), Wien Tierärztl. Monats., 68, 302

Scott, 1978, Mycotoxins in feeds and ingredients and their origin, J. Food Prot., 41, 385, 10.4315/0362-028X-41.5.385

Scott, 1978, Determination of zearalenone in cornflakes and other corn-based foods by thin layer chromatograph, high pressure liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 61, 593

Scott, 1981, Liquid chromatography in the analysis of mycotoxins, Vol. 1, 193

Scott, 1982, Mycotoxin analysis by TLC, 321

Scott, 1984, Report on mycotoxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 67, 366

Scott, 1985, Report on mycotoxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 68, 242

Scott, 1986, Report on mycotoxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 69, 240

Seeger, 1985, Induction of creatine kinase in immature rat uteri by zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, Biochem. Int., 10, 597

Senti, 1979, Global perspective on mycotoxins, 15

Shannon, 1980, Laboratory screening for zearalenone formation in corn hybrids and inbreds, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 63, 1275

Sheehan, 1984, Estrogenic activity of zearalenone and zearalanol in the neonatal uterus, Teratology, 29, 383, 10.1002/tera.1420290309

Sheffield, 1985, Zeranol (β-resorcylic acid lactone), a common residuous component of natural foodstuffs, stimulates developmental growth of the mouse mammary gland, Cancer Lett., 28, 77, 10.1016/0304-3835(85)90095-3

Sher, 1982, Tumors in control hamsters, rats and mice: Literature tabulation, CRC. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 10, 49, 10.3109/10408448209033631

Sherwood, 1972, Factors affecting the production of zearalenone by Fusarium graminearum in grain, J. Stored Prod. Res., 8, 71, 10.1016/0022-474X(72)90020-3

Sherwood, 1974, Production of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, by Fusarium graminearum growing on stored grain. I. Grain storage at reduced temperatures, J. Sci. Food Agric., 25, 1081, 10.1002/jsfa.2740250904

Sherwood, 1974, Production of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, by Fusarium graminearum growing on stored grain. II. Treatment of wheat grain with organic acids, J. Sci. Food Agric., 25, 1089, 10.1002/jsfa.2740250905

Shipchandler, 1975, Chemistry of zearalenone and some of its derivatives, Heterocycles, 3, 471, 10.3987/R-1975-06-0471

Shotwell, 1977, Assay methods for zearalenone and its natural occurrence, 403

Shotwell, 1980, Survey for zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin in U.S. grain sorghum from 1975 and 1976 crops, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 63, 922

Shotwell, 1983, Five-year study of mycotoxins in Virginia wheat and dent corn, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66, 1466

Shreeve, 1978, Effect of moldy feed containing zearalenone on pregnant sows, Brit. Vet. J., 134, 421, 10.1016/S0007-1935(17)33383-3

Shreeve, 1979, The “carry-over” of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and zearalenone from naturally contaminated feed to tissues, urine and milk of dairy cows, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 17, 151, 10.1016/0015-6264(79)90215-3

Shulze, 1981, Estrogens in foods: Their importance and effect on human health, Fleischwirtsch., 61, 1654

Shulze, 1981, Estrogens in foods: Their importance and effect on human health, Fleischwirtsch., 61, 1666

Speers, 1971, Effect of feeding Fusarium roseum f. sp. graminearum contaminated corn and the mycotoxin F2 on the growing chick and laying hen, Poult. Sci., 50, 627, 10.3382/ps.0500627

Sphon, 1977, Field desorption mass spectrometry of mycotoxins and mycotoxin mixtures, and its application as a screening technique for foodstuffs, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 60, 73

Stahr, 1981, Some mycotoxin levels in farm stored corn, J. Agric. Food Chem., 29, 207, 10.1021/jf00103a058

Steele, 1976, Metabolism of zearalenone by Fusarium roseum graminearum, J. Agric. Food Chem., 24, 89, 10.1021/jf60203a001

Steele, 1977, Metabolism of zearalenone by Fusarium roseum, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 3, 35, 10.1080/15287397709529547

Steele, 1977, Metabolism of zearalenone by Fusarium roseum, 393

Stipanovic, 1975, Zearalenol and 8′-hydroxyzearalenone from Fusarium roseum, Mycopathologia, 57, 77, 10.1007/BF01365707

Stob, 1962, Isolation of an anabolic uterotrophic compound from corn infected with Gibberella zeae, Nature (London), 196, 1318, 10.1038/1961318a0

Stob, 1983, Naturally occurring food toxicants: Estrogens, 81

Stoloff, 1977, Aflatoxins and zearalenone occurrence in dry-milled corn products, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 60, 579

Stoloff, 1980, Report on mycotoxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 63, 247

Stoloff, 1980, Survey for aflatoxins and zearalenone in canned and frozen sweet corn, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 63, 180

Stoloff, 1981, Report on mycotoxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 64, 373

Stoloff, 1982, Report on mycotoxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 65, 316

Stoloff, 1983, Report on mycotoxins, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66, 355

Stoloff, 1984, Natural poisons, 477

Sugimoto, 1976, Gas-liquid chromatographic assay of zearalenone in grain, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan., 17, 12, 10.3358/shokueishi.17.12

Sundlof, 1986, Zearalenone and zeranol: Potential residue problems in livestock, Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 28, 242

Sutton, 1976, Evidence for translocation of zearalenone in corn plants colonized by Fusarium graminearum, Canad. J. Plant Sci., 56, 7, 10.4141/cjps76-002

Sutton, 1980, Relation of weather variables to incidence of zearalenone in corn in southern Ontario, Canad. J. Plant Sci., 60, 149, 10.4141/cjps80-020

Swanson, 1984, Rapid thin layer chromatographic method for determination of zearalenone and zearalenol in grains and animal feeds, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 67, 580

Tanaka, 1985, Co-contamination of the Fusarium mycotoxins, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, in scabby wheat grains harvested in Hokkaido, Japan, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan, 26, 519, 10.3358/shokueishi.26.519

Tanaka, 1985, Rapid and sensitive determination of zearalenone in cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr., 328, 271, 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87397-0

Tanaka, 1985, A survey of the occurrence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in foodstuffs and health foods in Japan, Food Addit. Contam., 2, 259, 10.1080/02652038509373554

Tanaka, 1986, A limited survey of Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in 1984 UK harvested wheat and barley, Food Addit. Contam., 3, 247, 10.1080/02652038609373588

Tarter, 1980

Tashiro, 1980, Zearalenone-estrogen receptor interaction and RNA synthesis in rat uterus, 311

Tashiro, 1983, Zearalenone reductase from rat liver, J. Biochem., 93, 1557, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134294

Taylor, J. M. (1985). Personal communications.

Thalmann, 1985, Untersuchungen uber das Vorkommen von Fusarientoxinen in Getreide, Ber. Landwirtsch., 63, 257

Thiel, 1982, Occurrence of Fusarium toxins in maize from Transkei, 126

Thiel, 1982, Natural occurrence of moniliformin together with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Transkeian corn, J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 308, 10.1021/jf00110a023

Thouvenot, 1983, Radioimmunoassay for zearalenone and zearalanol in human serum: Production, properties and use of porcine antibodies, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45, 16, 10.1128/AEM.45.1.16-23.1983

Thust, 1983, Genotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins (nivalenol, fusarenon-X, T2-toxin, and zearalenone) in Chinese hamster V79-E cells in vitro, Arch. Geschwulstforsch., 53, 9

Trenholm, 1981, High performance liquid chromatographic method using fluorescence detection for quantitative analysis of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in blood plasma, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 64, 302

Trenholm, 1984, Rapid, sensitive liquid chromatographic method for determination of zearalenone and α- and β-zearalenol in wheat, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 67, 968

Truhaut, 1985, Zeranol and 17β-estradiol: A critical review of the toxicological properties when used as anabolic agents, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 5, 276, 10.1016/0273-2300(85)90042-X

Tseng, 1985, Natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in grains and feeds in Taiwan, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin., 26, 83

Turner, 1983, High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of zearalenone in chicken tissues, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66, 102

Ueno, 1976, DNA-attacking ability of carcinogenic mycotoxins in recombination-deficient mutant cells of Bacillus subtilis, Cancer Res., 36, 445

Ueno, 1977, Fate and mode of action of zearalenone, Ann. Nutr. Aliment., 31, 935

Ueno, 1978, Mutagenicity of carcinogenic mycotoxins in Salmonella typhimurium, Cancer Res., 38, 536

Ueno, 1981, α-Zearalenol, a major hepatic metabolite in rats of zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin of Fusarium species, J. Biochem., 89, 563, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133232

Ueno, 1985, Co-existence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in cereal grains, 74

Ueno, 1985, Natural co-occurrence of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in Polish cereals, Microbiol. Alim. Nutr., 3, 321

Ueno, 1986, Examination of Chinese and U.S.S.R. cereals for the Fusarium mycotoxins, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, Toxicon, 24, 618, 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90184-4

Ueno, 1986, Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone in scabby wheat from Shanghai, China, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan., 27, 180, 10.3358/shokueishi.27.180

Urry, 1966, The structure of zearalenone, 3109

Vaamonde, 1985, Zearalenone production by Fusarium species isolated from soybeans, 6

Ványi, 1980, Fusariotoxicoses. 6. The effect of F-2-toxin (zearalenone) on the spermatogenesis of male swine, Magy. Allatorv. Lapja, 35, 242

Ványi, 1980, Fusariotoxicoses. 7. Disturbed spermatogenesis caused by zearalenone (F-2 fusariotoxin) and by imperfect illumination in guinea-cock, Magy. Allatorv. Lapja, 35, 247

Ványi, 1980, Fusariotoxicoses. 9. The effect of F-2-fusariotoxin (zearalenone) on the spermatogenesis of rams and bulls, Magy. Allatorv. Lapja, 35, 777

Ványi, 1982, Quantitative determination of some Fusarium toxins by gas chromatography, Acta Vet. Acad. Sci. Hungar., 30, 65

Ványi, 1983, Metabolism of zearalenone in pregnant sows, 311

Verdeal, 1980, Affinity of phytoestrogens for estradiol-binding proteins and effect of coumestrol on growth of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumours, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 64, 285, 10.1093/jnci/64.2.285

Veselá, 1981, Výskyt zearalenonu a fusarii produkujicich zearalenon v krmivech. (The occurrence of zearalenone and zearalenone-producing Fusaria in feeds.), Vet. Med. Praha, 26, 737

Viñas, 1985, Fusarium and zearalenone in pre-harvest corn in Valencia (Spain), Microbiol. Alim. Nutr., 3, 365

Voyksner, 1985, Thermospray high performance liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of some Fusarium mycotoxins, J. High Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun., 8, 119, 10.1002/jhrc.1240080303

Wardell, 1982, Induction of prenatal toxicity in the rat by diethylstilbestrol, zeranol, 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, cadmium, and lead, Teratology, 26, 229, 10.1002/tera.1420260303

Ware, 1978, Determination of zearalenone in corn by high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, J. Assoc. Off. Anal Chem., 61, 1058

Warner, 1986, Screening for zearalenone in corn by competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, J. Agric. Food Chem., 34, 714, 10.1021/jf00070a031

Weaver, 1986, Effect of zearalenone on dairy cows, Amer. J. Vet. Res., 47, 1826

Wehner, 1978, Lack of mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium of some Fusarium mycotoxins, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35, 659, 10.1128/AEM.35.4.659-662.1978

Weisburger, 1983, The distinct health risk analyses required for genotoxic carcinogens and promoting agents, Environ. Health Perspect., 50, 233, 10.1289/ehp.8350233

Williams, 1985, Mycotoxins in foods and foodstuffs, 49

Wilson, 1979, Sex hormones and sexual behaviour, N. Engl. J. Med., 300, 1269, 10.1056/NEJM197905313002209

Wolf, 1972, Inhibition of F-2 (zearalenone) biosynthesis and perithecium production in Fusarium roseum “Graminearum.”, Phytopathology, 62, 937, 10.1094/Phyto-62-937

Wolf, 1973, Regulation of sexual reproduction in Gibberella zeae (Fusarium roseum “Graminearum”) by F-2 (zearalenone), Canad. J. Microbiol., 19, 725, 10.1139/m73-117

World Health Organization (WHO), 1979

Yager, 1983, Promotion of hepatic neoplasia by gonadal steroids, Vol. 1, 55

Yamamoto, 1985, Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks, Annu. Rev. Genet., 19, 209, 10.1146/annurev.ge.19.120185.001233

Ylimäki, 1979, Mycoflora and Occurrence of Fusarium Toxins in Finnish Grain

Young, 1985, Appearance of fungus, ergosterol and Fusarium mycotoxins in the husk, axial stem and stalk after ear inoculation of field corn, Canad. J. Plant Sci., 65, 47, 10.4141/cjps85-007

Young, 1982, Moldy corn in diets of gestating and lactating swine, J. Anim. Sci., 54, 976, 10.2527/jas1982.545976x

Young, 1984, Zearalenone and swine reproduction, J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc., 185, 334

Yoshizawa, 1983, Red-mold diseases and natural occurrence in Japan, 195