Rigid Internal Fixation in Children

Albert, 1993, Pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery, 369 Amaratunga, 1987, The relation of age to the immobilization period required for healing of mandible frac-tures, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 45, 111, 10.1016/0278-2391(87)90400-9 Assael, 1992, Rigid internal fixation of facial fractures, 1, 357 Bachmayer, 1986, Maxillary growth following Le Fort III advancement surgery in Crou-zon, Apert, and Pfeiffer syndromes, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 90, 420, 10.1016/0889-5406(86)90007-7 Bartlett, 1992, Controversies in the management of pediatric facial fractures, Clin Plast Surg, 19, 245, 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)30907-X Bell, 1992, Rigid fixation of the Le Fort I and the sagittal split ramus osteotomies, 423 Blez, 1992, Principles of monocortical miniplate osteosynthesis, 15 Bos, 1987, Resorbable poly (L-lactide) plates and screws for the fixation of zygomatic fractures, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 45, 751, 10.1016/0278-2391(87)90194-7 Bos, 1990, Bioresorbable osteosynthesis in maxillofacial surgery: Present and future, Oral and Maxllofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 2, 745, 10.1016/S1042-3699(20)30460-X Bos, 1992, The potential of resorbable biomaterials for skeletal fixation, 57 Campo, 1989, Rigid fixation and osteotomy design in frontal orbital advancement osteotomies, Clin Plast Surg, 16, 205, 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31381-X Champy, 1986, The Strasbourg miniplate osteosynthesis, 2, 19 Dodson, 1990, Fixation of mandibular fractures: A comparative analysis of rigid internal fixation and standard fixation techniques, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 48, 362, 10.1016/0278-2391(90)90431-Z Dufresne, 1989, Rigid fixation: Variations in osteotomy design and technique, Clin Plast Surg, 16, 165, 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31377-8 Eppley, 1991, Application of microfixation techniques in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 49, 683, 10.1016/S0278-2391(10)80227-7 Foley, 1989, Internal screw fixation: Comparison of placement pattern and rigidity, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 47, 720, 10.1016/S0278-2391(89)80013-8 Freihofer, 1990, Midfacial movements: A reappraisal, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 4, 761, 10.1016/S1042-3699(20)30462-3 Gonzalez, 1992, Evaluation of trismus after treatment of mandibular fractures, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 50, 223, 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90316-R Jensen, 1992, Rigid fixation in reconstruction of craniofacial fractures, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 50, 550, 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90431-X Kaban, 1993, Diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the facial bones in children 1943-1993, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 51, 722, 10.1016/S0278-2391(10)80409-4 Kaban, 1990, Facial trauma II: Dentoalveolar injuries and mandibular fractures, 233 Kaban, 1990, Facial trauma I: Midface fractures, 209 Kaban, 1990, Surgical correction of the facial skeleton in childhood, 423 Koltai, 1993, Maxillofacial injuries in children, 283 Kraut, 1990, Simultaneous maxillary and mandibular orthognathic surgery stabilized by rigid internal fixa-tion, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 69, 427, 10.1016/0030-4220(90)90373-Z Kreiborg, 1986, Pre-and postsurgical facial growth in patients with Crouzon's, Apert's syn-dromes, Cleft Palate J, 23, 78 Kruger, 1986, Fractures of the facial bones in children, 2, 259 La Trenta, 1989, The role of rigid skeletal fixation in bone graft augmentation of the craniofacial skeleton, Plast Reconstr Surg, 84, 578, 10.1097/00006534-198984040-00004 Leonard, 1990, Rigid internal fixation: Facts versus fallacies, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 4, 737, 10.1016/S1042-3699(20)30459-3 Lin, 1991, An experimental study on the effect of rigid fixation on the developing craniofacial skeleton, Plast Reconstr Surg, 87, 229, 10.1097/00006534-199102000-00003 Macios, 1993, Comparative postoperative infection rates in midfacial trauma using intermaxillary fixation, wire fixation, and rigid internal fixation implants, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 119, 308, 10.1001/archotol.1993.01880150064009 McCarthy, 1990, The Le Fort III advancement osteotomy in the child under 7 years of age, Plast Reconstr Surg, 86, 633, 10.1097/00006534-199010000-00003 McDonald, 1990, Stability of mandibular lengthening: A comparison of moderate and large advancements, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 2, 729, 10.1016/S1042-3699(20)30458-1 Moenining, 1990, Comparison of relapse in bilateral sagittal split osteotomies for mandibular advancement: Rigid internal fixation (screws) versus inferior border wiring with anterior skeletal fixation, International Journal of Adult Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery, 5, 175 Muhlbauer, 1987, Radical treatment of craniofacial anomalies in infancy and the use of miniplates in craniofacial surgery, Clin Plast Surg, 14, 101, 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)30701-X Mulliken, 1986, Facial skeletal changes following hypertelorism correction, Plast Reconstr Surg, 77, 7, 10.1097/00006534-198601000-00003 Munro, 1989, Rigid fixation of facial osteotomies, Clin Plast Surg, 16, 665, 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31289-X Niederdellmann, 1992, Principles and techniques of lag screw osteosynthesis, 22 Ousterhout, 1987, Maxillary hypoplasia secondary to midfacial trauma in children, Plast Re-constr Surg, 8, 491, 10.1097/00006534-198710000-00001 Ousterhout, 1986, Stability of the maxilla after Le Fort III advancement in craniosynos-tosis syndromes, Cleft Palate J, 23, 91 Phillips, 1992, Principles of compression osteosynthesis, 7 Posnick, 1992, The role of plate and screw fixation in the treatment of pediatric facial fractures, 396 Priest, 1989, Treatment of a mandible fracture in a neonate, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 47, 77, 10.1016/0278-2391(89)90131-6 Rahn, 1989, Theoretical considerations in rigid fixations of facial bones, Clin Plast Surg, 16, 21, 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)31363-8 Satrom, 1991, The stability of double jaw surgery: A comparison of rigid versus wire fixation, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 99, 550, 10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81632-4 Schilli, 1986, Internal fixation of zygomatic and midface fractures by means of miniplates and lag screws, 2, 177 Siegel, 1991, Mandibular fractures in the pediatric patient, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 117, 533, 10.1001/archotol.1991.01870170079017 Smith, 1991, Mandibular anatomy as it relates to rigid fixation of the sagittal ramus split osteotomy, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 49, 222, 10.1016/0278-2391(91)90209-5 Stylogianni, 1991, Fractures of facial skeleton in children, Br J Oral Maxillo-fac Surg, 29, 9, 10.1016/0266-4356(91)90164-Z Suuronen, 1993, Biodegradable fracture-fixation devices in maxillofacial surgery, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 22, 50, 10.1016/S0901-5027(05)80358-3 Suuronen, 1992, Comparison of absorbable self-reinforced multilayer poly-1-lactide and metallic plates for the fixation of mandibular body osteotomies: An experimental study in sheep, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 50, 255, 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90322-Q Thoren, 1992, Different patterns of mandible fractures in children: An analy-sis of 220 fractures in 157 patients, J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 20, 292, 10.1016/S1010-5182(05)80398-1 Tulusne, 1992, Stability of skeletal fixation in congenital craniofacial surgery, 507 Turvey, 1991, Management of facial fractures in the growing patient, 722 Van Sickels, 1988, Rigid fixation of maxillary osteotomies: A review of treatment results, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 66, 2, 10.1016/0030-4220(88)90055-2 Wong, 1991, The effect of rigid fixation on growth of the neurocranium, Plast Reconstr Surg, 87, 395, 10.1097/00006534-199109000-00003 Zimmer, 1992, Changes in mandibular mobility after different pro-cedures of orthognathic surgery, Eur J Orthod, 14, 188, 10.1093/ejo/14.3.188