Tổng quan về căng thẳng ở động vật có vú biển

Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health - Tập 7 - Trang 335-354 - 2000
Patricia A. Fair1, Paul R. Becker2
1National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR), National Oceanographic Administration Agency (NOAA), Charleston, U.S.A
2National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Charleston, U.S.A

Tóm tắt

Trong vài thập kỷ qua, đã có sự quan tâm ngày càng tăng về ảnh hưởng của căng thẳng môi trường, bao gồm cả các tác động của con người, đối với động vật có vú biển. Bài báo này cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan về nhiều loại tác nhân gây căng thẳng do con người mà động vật có vú biển có thể gặp phải và mức độ hiểu biết về các tác động tiềm năng của chúng. Nguồn gốc của căng thẳng và các phản ứng sinh lý của động vật được khám phá. Nhiều đặc điểm sinh học của động vật có vú biển (ví dụ, tuổi thọ dài, trưởng thành muộn, tiềm năng sinh sản tương đối thấp, và vị trí cao trong chuỗi thức ăn) khiến chúng dễ bị tổn thương bởi nhiều tác nhân gây căng thẳng do con người. Vì động vật có vú biển phải đối mặt với một loạt các tác nhân gây căng thẳng khác nhau, bài báo này tập trung vào ba nghiên cứu trường hợp (tác động cấp tính và mãn tính từ sự cố tràn dầu; tác động mãn tính từ các chất ô nhiễm môi trường, và căng thẳng do nghề cá) để nhấn mạnh những nguy cơ tiềm ẩn và cung cấp một cái nhìn về việc sử dụng động vật có vú biển trong việc đánh giá sức khỏe hệ sinh thái. Nghiên cứu bổ sung để nâng cao hiểu biết của chúng ta về căng thẳng ở động vật có vú biển và cung cấp những kiến thức khoa học cần thiết để hướng dẫn các quyết định quản lý được khuyến nghị.

Từ khóa

#căng thẳng môi trường #động vật có vú biển #tác nhân gây căng thẳng do con người #sức khỏe hệ sinh thái #nghiên cứu trường hợp

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