Review of chemical properties of inland soda and saline waters in East Africa (rift valley region)

Arad, 1969, Mineral springs and saline lakes of the Western Rift Valley, Uganda, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 33, 1169, 10.1016/0016-7037(69)90039-8 Awaleh, 2022, Origin of nitrate and sulfate sources in volcano-sedimentary aquifers of the East Africa Rift System: an example of the Ali-Sabieh groundwater (Republic of Djibouti), Sci. Total Environ., 804, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150072 Bonatti, 2017, Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea), Heliyon, 3, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301 Boros, 2014, Salinity and ionic composition of the shallow astatic soda pans in the Carpathian Basin, Ann. Limnol., 50, 59, 10.1051/limn/2013068 Boros, 2018, A review of the defining chemical properties of soda lakes and pans: an assessment on a large geographic scale of Eurasian inland saline surface waters, PLoS One, 13, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0202205 Boros, 2017, Multiple extreme environmental conditions of intermittent soda pans in the Carpathian Basin (Central Europe), Limnologica, 62, 38, 10.1016/j.limno.2016.10.003 Chebotarev, 1955, Metamorphism of natural waters in the crust of weathering-3, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 8, 198, 10.1016/0016-7037(55)90053-3 Chernet, 2001, Mechanism of degradation of the quality of natural water in the lakes region of the Ethiopian Rift Valley, Water Res., 35, 2819, 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00002-1 Deocampo, 2004, Hydrogeochemistry in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, and implications for land use in a World Heritage Site, Appl. Geochem., 19, 755, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2003.10.006 Deocampo, 2013, Geochemistry of saline lakes, 7 Deocampo, 2016, Geochemistry of African soda lakes, Soda Lakes East Afr., 77 Deocampo, Daniel M., Deocampo, D.M., 2005. Evaporative evolution of surface waters and the role of aqueous CO2 in magnesium silicate precipitation: Lake Eyasi and Ngorongoro Crater, northern Tanzania. vol. 108, pp. 493–504. 〈https://doi.org/10.2113/108.4.493〉. Dunnette, 1985, The source of hydrogen sulfide in anoxic sediment, Water Res., 19, 875, 10.1016/0043-1354(85)90146-0 Ebinger, 1993, Late Ecocene-recent volcanism and faulting in the southern main Ethiopian rift, J. - Geol. Soc., 150, 99, 10.1144/gsjgs.150.1.0099 Enache, 2017, Halophilic microorganisms from man-made and natural hypersaline environments: physiology, ecology, and biotechnological potential, 1 Eugster, 1970, Chemistry and origin of the brines of Lake Magadi, Kenya, Mineral. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 3, 213 Eugster, 1978, Saline lakes, 237 Eugster, 1979, The behaviour of major solutes during closed basin-lakes brine evolution, Am. J. Sci., 279, 609, 10.2475/ajs.279.6.609 Fazi, 2018, Biogeochemistry and biodiversity in a network of saline–alkaline lakes: implications of ecohydrological connectivity in the Kenyan Rift Valley, Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol., 18, 96, 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2017.09.003 Fazi, 2021, High concentrations of dissolved biogenic methane associated with cyanobacterial blooms in East African lake surface water, Commun. Biol., 4, 10.1038/s42003-021-02365-x Fournier, 1970, Chemical indicators of subsurface temperature applied to hot spring waters of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A., Geothermics, 2, 529, 10.1016/0375-6505(70)90051-9 Freeze, 1979, 7632, 604 Fritz, 1987, Geochemistry of silica-rich brines from Lake Natron (Tanzania). Géochimie des saumures riches en silice du lac Natron (Tanzanie). Sciences Géologiques, Bulletin, 40, 97 Gaciri, 1993, The occurrence and geochemistry of fluoride in some natural waters of Kenya, J. Hydrol., 143, 395, 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90201-J Garrels, 1967, Origin of the chemical compositions of some springs and lakes, Advances, 222 Gasse, 1974, Variations hydrologiques et extension des lacs holocenes du Desert Danakil, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 15, 109, 10.1016/0031-0182(74)90028-5 Getenet, 2022, Mineral precipitation and hydrochemical evolution through evaporitic processes in soda brine (East African Rift Valley), Chem. Geol., 616 Getenet, 2022, A Comprehensive methodology for monitoring evaporitic mineral precipitation and hydrochemical evolution of saline lakes: the case of Lake Magadi Soda Brine (East African Rift Valley, Kenya), Cryst. Growth Des., 22, 2307, 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01391 Ghiglieri, 2012, Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of an alkaline volcanic area: the NE Mt. Meru slope (East African Rift-Northern Tanzania), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 529, 10.5194/hess-16-529-2012 Gizaw, 1996, The origin of high bicarbonate and fluoride concentrations in waters of the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley, East African Rift system, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 22, 391, 10.1016/0899-5362(96)00029-2 Grant, 2004, Introductory chapter: half a lifetime in Soda Lakes, 17 Grant, 2006, Alkaline environments and biodiversity, III, 21 Grant, 2011, Distribution and diversity of Soda Lake alkaliphiles, 27 Grant, 2016, Bacteria, archaea and viruses of Soda Lakes, 97 Hammer, 1978, Saline lakes of Saskatchewan, Int. Rev. Der Gesamt Hydrobiol., 63, 311, 10.1002/iroh.19780630303 Hardie, 1978, Saline lakes and their deposits: a sediment approach, Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sedimentol., 2, 7 Hecky, 1973, Diatoms in alkaline, saline lakes: ecology and geochemical implications, Limnol. Oceanogr., 18, 53, 10.4319/lo.1973.18.1.0053 Jiang, 2009, Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater quality in the Nandong karst underground river system in Yunan, China, J. Contam. Hydrol., 109, 49, 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.08.001 Jirsa, 2013, Major and trace element geochemistry of Lake Bogoria and Lake Nakuru, Kenya, during extreme drought, Chem. Der Erde, 73, 275, 10.1016/j.chemer.2012.09.001 Jobbágy, 2017, On the fundamental causes of high environmental alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): an assessment of its drivers and global distribution, Land Degrad. Dev., 28, 1973, 10.1002/ldr.2718 Jones, 2003, Geochemistry of saline lakes, Treatise Geochem., 5–9, 393, 10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/05083-0 Jones, 1977, Hydrochemistry of the Lake Magadi basin, Kenya, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 41, 53, 10.1016/0016-7037(77)90186-7 Kasedde, 2014, Characterization of brines and evaporites of Lake Katwe, Uganda, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 91, 55, 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.12.004 Kaufman, 1990, The 36C1 ages of the brine in the Magadi-Natron basin, East Africa, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 2827, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90017-F Kebede, 1994, The Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes have chemical characteristics of a salinity-alkalinity series, Hydrobiologia, 288, 1, 10.1007/BF00006801 Kebede, 2014, Impact of land cover change on water quality and stream flow in Lake Hawassa watershed of Ethiopia, Agric. Sci., 05, 647 Kempe, 2011, Soda lakes, Encyclopedia Earth Sci. Ser., 9781402092114, 824, 10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_191 Kilham, 1984, Sulfate in African inland waters: sulfate to chloride ratios, Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 22, 296 Kilham, 1990, Mechanisms controlling the chemical composition of lakes and rivers: data from Africa, Limnol. Oceanogr., 35, 80, 10.4319/lo.1990.35.1.0080 Kilham, 1990, The evolution of saline lake waters: gradual and rapid biogeochemical pathways in the Basotu Lake District, Tanzania, Hydrobiologia, 197, 35, 10.1007/BF00026937 Litchfield, 2011, Saline lakes, Encycl. Earth Sci. Ser., 9781402092114, 765 Ma, 2010, Halophiles 2010: life in saline environments, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 6971, 10.1128/AEM.01868-10 Mackenzie, 1995, Reverse weathering, clay mineral formation, and oceanic element cycles metal-carbon bonds in nature, Science, 270, 586, 10.1126/science.270.5236.586 Makoba, 2019, Water quality and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater around Mt. Meru, Northern Tanzania, Appl. Water Sci., 9, 1, 10.1007/s13201-019-0955-3 Masresha, 2011, Science of the total environment speciation of selected trace elements in three Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes (Koka, Ziway, and Awassa) and their major flows, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 3955, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.051 Melack, J.M., Kilham, Peter, 1974. Photosynthetic rates of phytoplankton in East African alkaline, saline lake, vol. 19(no. September). Mungoma, 1990, The alkaline, saline lakes of Uganda: a review, Hydrobiologia, 208, 75, 10.1007/BF00008445 Namsaraev, 2010, Water regime and variations in hydrochemical characteristics of the soda Salt Lake Khilganta (Southeastern Transbaikalia), Water Resour., 37, 513, 10.1134/S009780781004010X Nanyaro, 1984, A geochemical model for the abnormal fluoride concentrations in waters in parts of northern Tanzania, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 2, 129 Nielsen, 1999, East African Magadi (trona): fluoride concentration and mineralogical composition, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 29, 423, 10.1016/S0899-5362(99)00107-4 Oduor, 2007, Phytoplankton primary productivity characteristics in response to photosynthetically active radiation in three Kenyan Rift Valley saline-alkaline lakes, J. Plankton Res., 29, 1041, 10.1093/plankt/fbm078 Oduor, 2016, Soda lakes of the East African rift system: the past, the present and the future, Soda Lakes East Afr., 1 Oduor, 2003, On the limnology of Lake Baringo (Kenya): II. Pelagic primary production and algal composition of Lake Baringo, Kenya, Hydrobiologia, 506–509, 297 Ogato, 2014, Evaluation of growth and biomass production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) fusiformis in laboratory cultures using waters from the Ethiopian soda lakes Chitu and Shala, J. Appl. Phycol., 26, 2273, 10.1007/s10811-014-0251-4 Olaka, 2010, The sensitivity of East African rift lakes to climate fluctuations, J. Paleolimnol., 44, 629, 10.1007/s10933-010-9442-4 Pecoraino, 2015, The other side of the coin: geochemistry of alkaline lakes in volcanic areas, Volcan. Lakes, 219, 10.1007/978-3-642-36833-2_9 Philip, 2012, Salt lakes of the African rift system: a valuable research opportunity for insight into nature’s concentrated multi-electrolyte science, Salt Lakes Afr. Rift Syst.: A Valuab. Res. Oppor. Insight Nature’s Conc. Multi-Electrolyte Sci., 38, 1 Prosser, 1968, Bishoftu crater lakes-a bathymetric and chemical study title, Arch. Fur Hydrobiol., 65, 309 Pytkowicz, 1975, Activity coefficients of bicarbonates and carbonates in seawater, Limnology and Oceanography, 20, 971, 10.4319/lo.1975.20.6.0971 Renaut, 2021, The role of hydrothermal fluids in sedimentation in saline alkaline lakes: evidence from Nasikie Engida, Kenya Rift Valley, Sedimentology, 68, 10.1111/sed.12778 Rounds, 2012, 6. 6 alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity, U. S. Geol. Surv., 4, 1 Schagerl, 2016, Dipping into the Soda Lakes of East Africa, Soda Lakes East Afr., 12, 1 Schagerl, 2016, The ecology of African Soda Lakes: driven by variable and extreme conditions, Soda Lakes East Afr., 12, 1 Singhal, 1999, Hydrogeology of volcanic rocks, 261 Teklu, 2018, Impacts of nutrients and pesticides from small- and large-scale agriculture on the water quality of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 25, 13207, 10.1007/s11356-016-6714-1 Timms, 1986, A study of benthic communities in some Saline Lakes in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, Int. Rev. Der Gesamt Hydrobiol. Und Hydrogr., 71, 759, 10.1002/iroh.19860710603 Vincens, 1987, Modern background of Natron-Magadi Basin (Tanzania-Kenya): physiography, climate, hydrology and vegetation, Sci. Geol. - Bull., 40, 9, 10.3406/sgeol.1987.1747 Williams, 2016, Introduction to the Rift Valley, Underst. Ethiop., 171, 10.1007/978-3-319-02180-5_16 Williams, 2002, Environmental threats to salt lakes and the likely status of inland saline ecosystems in 2025, Environ. Conserv., 29, 154, 10.1017/S0376892902000103 Wood, 1988, Chemical and algal relationships in a salinity series of Ethiopian inland waters, Hydrobiologia, 158, 29, 10.1007/BF00026266 Yanda, 2005, Water resource management and biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Rift Valley Lakes, Northern Tanzania, Phys. Chem. Earth, 30, 717, 10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.013 Yechieli, 2002, Hydrogeologic processes in saline systems: playas, sabkhas, and saline lakes, Earth-Sci. Rev., 58, 343, 10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00067-3 Yuretich, 1983, Hydrogeochemistry of Lake Turkana, Kenya: mass balance and mineral reactions in an alkaline lake, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 1099, 10.1016/0016-7037(83)90240-5 Zaitsev, 2006, Mineralogical and chemical transformation of Oldoinyo Lengai natrocarbonatites, Tanzania, Lithos, 91, 191, 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.018