Chen JZ, Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Bernstein LJ, Jacobson LG, Friedman PM, Geronemus RG. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies evaluating the S-Caine Peel for induction of local anesthesia before long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser therapy for leg veins. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:1012–8.
Bryan HA, Alster TS. The S-Caine peel: a novel topical anesthetic for cutaneous laser surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28:999–1003 (discussion 1003).
Kim WO, Song BM, Kil HK. Efficacy and safety of a lidocaine/tetracaine medicated patch or peel for dermatologic procedures: a meta-analysis. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012;62:435–40.
Kang C, Shin SC. Development of prilocaine gels for enhanced local anesthetic action. Arch Pharm Res. 2012;35:1197–204.
Sobanko JF, Miller CJ, Alster TS. Topical anesthetics for dermatologic procedures: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:709–21.
Railan D, Alster TS. Use of topical lidocaine for cosmetic dermatologic procedures. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007;6:1104–8.
Berkman S, MacGregor J, Alster T. Adverse effects of topical anesthetics for dermatologic procedures. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012;11:415–23.
Croxtall JD. Lidocaine/tetracaine medicated plaster: in minor dermatological and needle puncture procedures. Drugs. 2010;70:2113–20.
Tadicherla S, Berman B. Percutaneous dermal drug delivery for local pain control. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2006;2:99–113.
Russell SC, Doyle E. A risk-benefit assessment of topical percutaneous local anaesthetics in children. Drug Saf. 1997;16:279–87.
Alster TS. The lidocaine/tetracaine peel: a novel topical anesthetic for dermatologic procedures in adult patients. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33:1073–81.
Doshi SN, Friedman PM, Marquez DK, Godlberg LH. Thirty-minute application of the S-Caine peel prior to nonablative laser treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:1008–11.
Mansell-Gregory M, Romanowski B. Randomised double blind trial of EMLA for the control of pain related to cryotherapy in the treatment of genital HPV lesions. Sex Transm Infect. 1998;74:274–5.
Ashinoff R, Geronemus RG. Effect of the topical anesthetic EMLA on the efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1990;16:1008–11.
Holm J, Andren B, Grafford K. Pain control in the surgical debridement of leg ulcers by the use of a topical lidocaine–prilocaine cream, EMLA. Acta Derm Venereol. 1990;70:132–6.
Blanke W, Hallern BV. Sharp wound debridement in local anaesthesia using EMLA cream: 6 years’ experience in 1084 patients. Eur J Emerg Med. 2003;10:229–31.
Galderma USA. Pliaglis prescribing information. http://www.galdermausa.com/pdf/10156700-0407%20PLIAGLIS%20Package%20Insert.pdf. Accessed 19 Mar 2013.
Wahlgren CF, Quiding H. Depth of cutaneous analgesia after application of a eutectic mixture of the local anesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA cream). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:584–8.
Chen BK, Eichenfield LF. Pediatric anesthesia in dermatologic surgery: when hand-holding is not enough. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:1010–8.
Tahir A, Webb JB, Allen G, Nancarrow JD. The effect of local anaesthetic cream (EMLA) applied with an occlusive dressing on skin thickness. Does it matter? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59:404–8.
Sawyer J, Febbraro S, Masud S, Ashburn MA, Campbell JC. Heated lidocaine/tetracaine patch (Synera, Rapydan) compared with lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) for topical anaesthesia before vascular access. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102:210–5.
Jih MH, Friedman PM, Sadick N, Marquez DK, Kimyai-Asadi A, Goldberg LH. 60-minute application of S-Caine Peel prior to 1,064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of leg veins. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;34:446–50.
Alster TS, Lupton JR. Evaluation of a novel topical anesthetic agent for cutaneous laser resurfacing: a randomized comparison study. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28:1004–6 (discussion 1006).
Chen JZ, Jacobson LG, Bakus AD, et al. Evaluation of the S-Caine peel for induction of local anesthesia for laser-assisted tattoo removal: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:281–6.
Schecter AK, Pariser DM, Pariser RJ, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the lidocaine/tetracaine patch for induction of local anesthesia prior to minor dermatologic procedures in geriatric patients. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:287–91.
Alster T, Garden J, Fitzpatrick R, Rendon M, Sarkany M, Adelglass J. Lidocaine/tetracaine peel in topical anesthesia prior to laser-assisted hair removal: Phase-II and Phase-III study results. J Dermatol Treat. 2012;1–4. doi:10.3109/09546634.2012.715240
Hahn IH, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS. EMLA-induced methemoglobinemia and systemic topical anesthetic toxicity. J Emerg Med. 2004;26:85–8.
Rincon E, Baker RL, Iglesias AJ, Duarte AM. CNS toxicity after topical application of EMLA cream on a toddler with molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2000;16:52–4.
Kaweski S; Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation Technology Assessment Committee. Topical anesthetic creams. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121:2161–5.
Channual J, Wu JJ, Zachary CB. Localized contact urticaria caused by lidocaine/tetracaine peel. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145:499–500.
Kundu S, Achar S. Principles of office anesthesia: part II. Topical anesthesia. Am Fam Phys. 2002;66:99–102.
Irsfeld S, Klement W, Lipfert P. Dermal anaesthesia: comparison of EMLA cream with iontophoretic local anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1993;71:375–8.
Nishimura K. Methemoglobinemia due to local anesthetics. Osaka City Med J. 1971;17:25–42.
Guay J. Methemoglobinemia related to local anesthetics: a summary of 242 episodes. Anesth Analg. 2009;108:837–45.
Ogden L, Love G, Basta S. Systemic exposure to lidocaine and tetracaine is low after an application of a lidocaine 7%-tetracaine 7% peel in adults. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47:87–90.