Review: Fatigue of Fiber-Reinforced Composites, Damage and Failure
Tóm tắt
A concise review of fatigue of fiber-reinforced composites, covering fatigue life and damage development and how the properties of constituents, orientations and other parameters affect fatigue life, is presented. The subject broadly covers polymer, metal, and ceramic matrix composites, by including specific examples of fatigue data from literature. Studies of composite fatigue have mostly evolved over the last 60 years, largely driven by aerospace applications of composites. The field is very vast in terms of accumulated technical literature and fatigue data. Therefore, only some iconic examples, each with good experimental data, have been considered in this review to illustrate the behavior and the trends as clearly as possible. First, the general nature of tensile deformation of fiber composites under various combinations of fiber and matrix failure strains are reviewed to provide a background with which the more complicated fatigue behavior can be easily understood. Second, examples of S–N fatigue data of glass (GFRP) and carbon (CFRP) fiber-reinforced plastics are provided, illustrating the effects of reinforcement, constituent properties, temperature, and orientation effects on fatigue failure. These analyses are also modeled by S–N curve calculations using exponential S–N fatigue constitutive equations proposed by author. These calculations helped to easily rationalize the trends in S–N data, as influenced by strength and failure strains of fiber and matrix. Next, stiffness degradation behavior in fiber composites are reviewed, with specific examples including CFRP (polymer matrix) and SiC/SiC (ceramic matrix) composites. The nature of stiffness degradation is also modeled using a semi-empirical equation that relates the fractional remaining stiffness to fractional remaining fatigue life in the composite. Finally, a few examples of fatigue behavior of laminated composites that are typically used in real-world applications are reviewed.
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