Khám Phá Quy Mô Của Sự Xâm Nhập Biển Ở Các Khu Vực Đang Phát Triển: Đánh Giá Tại Nam Phi

Biological Invasions - Tập 13 - Trang 1991-2008 - 2011
A. Mead1, J. T. Carlton2, C. L. Griffiths1, M. Rius1,3
1Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
2Maritime Studies Program, Williams College-Mystic Seaport, Mystic, USA
3Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA

Tóm tắt

Cũng như vào năm 2009, số lượng các loài biển và cửa sông được ghi nhận tại Nam Phi gồm có 22 loài. Bài đánh giá này nhằm xem xét lại sự đa dạng và quy mô của các loài biển và cửa sông xâm nhập trong khu vực. Công việc phân loại và hệ thống học chính xác, tổng quan hồ sơ lịch sử và các khảo sát mẫu mới trên các môi trường biển được thực hiện bởi một nhóm chuyên gia địa phương và quốc tế đã tiết lộ sự hiện diện của các loài bị xác định sai, bị bỏ qua hoặc các loài xâm nhập mới. Tổng cộng có 86 loài xâm nhập và 39 loài mới được công nhận, tăng gấp bốn và hai lần so với số lượng đã biết trong vòng 1 năm, mặc dù đánh giá hiện tại vẫn còn xa mới đầy đủ. Các loài bổ sung được phát hiện trong tài liệu lịch sử (76%), từ các cuộc khảo sát được thực hiện sau năm 2005 (11%) và sau khi giải quyết phân loại (13%). Phân tích tạm thời xác nhận rằng tỷ lệ phát hiện đang gia tăng theo thời gian. Việc bám rong trên tàu và nước trong bờ là những con đường vector chủ yếu, chiếm tỷ lệ 48 và 38% tương ứng. Phân tích không gian tiết lộ rằng các mẫu xâm nhập sinh học cao hơn đáng kể ở bờ biển phía tây so với các khu vực ven biển khác. Tổng thể, 53% các loài xâm nhập tập trung trong các khu vực cảng, với chỉ 4 loài dễ dàng xâm nhập ở bờ hiện tại. Các loài xâm nhập ở các tỉnh ôn đới mát và ấm của bờ tây và bờ nam chủ yếu có nguồn gốc từ bán cầu Bắc (65%). Ngược lại, các loài xâm nhập ở các tỉnh cận nhiệt đới và nhiệt đới của bờ đông chủ yếu có nguồn gốc từ bán cầu Nam (18%), với 17% các loài xâm nhập còn lại có nguồn gốc không rõ. Phương pháp nghiên cứu được mô tả đã chứng minh là rất quan trọng, đóng góp rất lớn vào việc tiết lộ quy mô thực sự và các mẫu xâm nhập sinh học cho một khu vực đang phát triển trong một khoảng thời gian tương đối ngắn.

Từ khóa

#xâm nhập sinh học #Nam Phi #loài biển #cửa sông #phân loại #khảo sát #phát hiện.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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