Retinopathy screening in individuals with type 2 diabetes: who, how, how often, and at what cost—an epidemiologic review

Mark Swanson1
1University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama

Tài liệu tham khảo

The Eye Disease Prevalence Research Group. National Institutes of Health. Vision loss will increase as Americans age. http://www.nei.nih.gov/news/pressreleases/041204.asp. Last accessed September 28, 2004. 2000, Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, N Engl J Med, 342, 381, 10.1056/NEJM200002103420603 1985, Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1, Arch Ophthalmol, 103, 1796, 10.1001/archopht.1985.01050120030015 1976, Preliminary report on effects of photocoagulation therapy, Am J Ophthalmol, 81, 383, 10.1016/0002-9394(76)90292-0 1985, Early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. Two-year results of a randomized trial. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study report 2, Arch Ophthalmol, 103, 1644, 10.1001/archopht.1985.01050110038020 Kohner, 1998, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, 30, Arch Ophthalmol, 116, 297, 10.1001/archopht.116.3.297 2003, Diabetes Care, 1, s5 The National Screening Committee. Preservation of sight in diabetes: a risk reduction programme. http://www.diabetic-retinopathy.screening.nhs.uk/. Last accessed April 10, 2004. Klein, 1984, The Wisconsin Study of the Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy III. Prevalence and risk of diabetes when the age of diagnosis is 30 years or more, Arch Ophthalmol, 102, 527, 10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030405011 Brown, 2003, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes Care, 26, 2637, 10.2337/diacare.26.9.2637 Vijan, 2000, Cost utility of screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, JAMA, 283, 889, 10.1001/jama.283.7.889 2003, Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus, J Am Geriatric Soc, 51, 265, 10.1046/j.1532-5415.51.5s.1.x Fong, 2003, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes Care, 26, s99, 10.2337/diacare.26.2007.S99 American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina Panel, Preferred Practice Patterns Committee. Diabetic retinopathyhttp://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=4350. Last accessed October 4, 2004. Optometric clinical care guideline, care of the patient with diabetes mellitus, 3rd Ed. 2002. http://www.aoa.org/eweb/Documents/CPG-3.pdf. Last accessed October 4, 2004. Aiello, 1998, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes Care, 21, 143, 10.2337/diacare.21.1.143 Sanchez-Thorin, 1999, The epidemiology of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, Int Ophthalmol Clin, 38, 11, 10.1097/00004397-199803820-00003 Gruber, 1993 Wilson, 2003, The metabolic syndrome practical guide to treatment, Circulation, 108, 1422, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000089505.34741.E5 MacDonald, 2003, Overview of the epidemiology of obesity and the early history of procedures to remedy morbid obesity, Arch Surg, 138, 357, 10.1001/archsurg.138.4.357 Rocchini, 2002, Childhood obesity and a diabetes epidemic, N Engl J Med, 346, 854, 10.1056/NEJM200203143461112 Benjamin, 2000, Estimated number of adults with prediabetes in the U.S. 2000, Diabetes Care, 26, 645, 10.2337/diacare.26.3.645 Henricsson, 2003, The incidence of retinopathy 10 years after diagnosis in young adult people with diabetes, Diabetes Care, 26, 349, 10.2337/diacare.26.2.349 Stratton, 2001, UKPDS 50, Diabetologia, 44, 156, 10.1007/s001250051594 Cohen, 1998, Complication free duration and risk of development of retinopathy in elderly diabetic patients, Arch Intern Med, 158, 641, 10.1001/archinte.158.6.641 Stefansson, 2000, Screening and prevention of diabetic blindness, Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 78, 374, 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2000.078004374.x Kristinsson, 1997, Diabetic retinopathy Screening and prevention of blindness. A doctoral thesis, Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 223, 1 Moss, 1985, Comparison between ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography in determining the severity of diabetic retinopathy, Ophthalmology, 92, 62, 10.1016/S0161-6420(85)34082-4 1994, Microvascular and acute complications in IDDM patients, Diabetologia, 37, 279 Kinyoun, 1992, Ophthalmoscopy versus fundus photographs for detecting and grading diabetic retinopathy, Inv Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 3, 1888 Palmberg, 1981, The natural history of insulin dependent juvenile-onset diabetes, Ophthalmology, 88, 613, 10.1016/S0161-6420(81)34975-6 Harding, 1995, Sensitivity and specificity of photography and direct ophthalmoscopy in screening for sight threatening eye disease, Br J Med, 311, 1131, 10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1131 Lin, 2002, The sensitivity and specificity of single-field nonmydriatic monochromatic digital fundus photography with remote image interpretation for diabetic retinopathy screening, Am J Ophthalmol, 134, 204, 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01522-2 1989, Detection of diabetic macular edema: ophthalmoscopy versus photography. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study report number 5, Ophthalmology, 96, 746, 10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32814-4 Kleinstein, 1987, Detection of diabetic retinopathy by optometrists, J Am Optom Assoc, 58, 879 Burnett, 1998, The implementation of prompted retinal screening for diabetic eye disease by accredited optometrists in an inner city district of North London, Diabet Med, 15, 538 Prasad, 2001, Effectiveness of optometrist screening for diabetic retinopathy using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Eye, 15, 595, 10.1038/eye.2001.192 Olson, 2003, A comparative evaluation of digital imaging, retinal photography and optometrist examination in screening for diabetic retinopathy, Diabet Med, 20, 528, 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00969.x Taylor, 1999, The use of digital cameras in a mobile retinal screening environment, Diabet Med, 16, 680, 10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00139.x Liesenfeld, 2000, A telemedical approach to the screening of diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes Care, 23, 345, 10.2337/diacare.23.3.345 Scanlon, 2003, The effectiveness of screening for diabetic retinopathy by digital imaging photography and technician ophthalmoscopy, Diabet Med, 20, 467, 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00954.x Bursell, 2001, Stereo nonmydriatic digital-video color retinal imaging compared with early treatment diabetic retinopathy study seven standard field 35-mm stereo color photos for determining level of diabetic retinopathy, Ophthalmology, 108, 572, 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00604-7 Rudnisky, 2002, High-resolution stereoscopic digital fundus photography versus contact lens biomicroscopy for the detection of clinically significant macular edema, Ophthalmology, 109, 267, 10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00933-2 Penman, 1998, Screening for diabetic retinopathy, Diabet Med, 15, 783, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199809)15:9<783::AID-DIA634>3.0.CO;2-5 Boucher, 2003, Effectiveness and safety of screening for diabetic retinopathy with two nonmydriatic digital images compared with the seven standard stereoscopic photographic fields, Can J Ophthalmol, 38, 557, 10.1016/S0008-4182(03)80109-6 Herbert, 2003, Is screening with digital imaging using one retinal view adequate?, Eye, 17, 497, 10.1038/sj.eye.6700409 Gibbins, 1998, Practical application of the European Field Guide in screening for diabetic retinopathy by using ophthalmoscopy and 35mm retinal slides, Diabetologia, 41, 59, 10.1007/s001250050867 Agrawal, 2003, Technical failure in photographic screening, Diabet Med, 20, 777, 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01032.x Diamond, 1998, Non-mydriatic fundus photography, Aust NZ J Ophthalmol, 26, 109, 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01525.x George, 1997, Can digitised colour 35mm transparencies be used to diagnose diabetic retinopathy, Diabet Med, 14, 970, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199711)14:11<970::AID-DIA484>3.0.CO;2-Y Basu, 2003, Is digital compression acceptable within diabetic retinopathy screening, Diabet Med, 20, 766, 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01022.x Newsom, 2001, Effect of digital image compression on screening for diabetic retinopathy, Br J Ophthalmol, 85, 799, 10.1136/bjo.85.7.799 Zeimer, 2002, A fundus camera dedicated to the screening of diabetic retinopathy in the primary-care physician’s office, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 43, 1581 New Product: The DigiScope. http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/issue203/np.shtml. Last accessed September 27, 2004. Vanderbilt Imaging Center. http://www.microsoft.com/resources/casestudies/CaseStudy.asp?CaseStudyID=1537957. Last accessed September 28, 2004. Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy. http://www.hap.org/gfx/content/v3_i2hmo.pdf. Last accessed September 28, 2004. Insurance coverage of telemedicine grows, but payments subject to limits. Physicians Compensation Reports, August 2002. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FBW/is_8_3/ai_90654826. Last accessed September 28, 2004. Larsen, 2003, Automated detection of diabetic retinopathy in a fundus photographic screening population, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 44, 761, 10.1167/iovs.02-0418 Osareh, 2003, Automated identification of diabetic retinal exudates in digital colour images, Br J Ophthalmol, 87, 1220, 10.1136/bjo.87.10.1220 Ege, 2000, Screening for diabetic retinopathy using computer based image analysis and statistical classification, Comput Methods Programs BioMed, 62, 165, 10.1016/S0169-2607(00)00065-1 Chiang, 1992, Federal budgetary cost of blindness, Milbank Q, 70, 319, 10.2307/3350062 Laupacis, 1992, How attractive does new technology have to be to warrant adoption and utilization? Tentative guidelines for using clinical and economic evaluations, CMAJ, 146, 473 Savolainen, 1982, Diabetic retinopathy: need and demand for photocoagulation and its cost-effectiveness: evaluation of services in the United Kingdom, Diabetologia, 23, 138, 10.1007/BF01271176 Foulds, 1983, Diabetic retinopathy in the West of Scotland, Health Bull, 41, 318 Javitt, 1989, Cost effectiveness of current approaches to the control of retinopathy in type 1 diabetics, Ophthalmology, 96, 255, 10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32923-X Javitt, 1990, Detecting and treating retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Ophthalmology, 97, 483, 10.1016/S0161-6420(90)32573-3 Javitt, 1991, Detecting and treating retinopathy in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Savings associated with improved implementation of current guidelines, Ophthalmology, 98, 1565, 10.1016/S0161-6420(91)32086-4 Dasbach, 1991, Cost effectiveness of strategies for detecting diabetic retinopathy, Med Care, 29, 20, 10.1097/00005650-199101000-00003 Lairson, 1992, Cost-effectiveness of alternative methods of screening for diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes Care, 15, 1369, 10.2337/diacare.15.10.1369 Klonoff, 2000, An economic analysis of interventions for diabetes, Diabetes Care, 23, 390, 10.2337/diacare.23.3.390 Javitt, 1996, Cost-effectiveness of detecting and treating diabetic retinopathy, Ann Intern Med, 124, 164, 10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_Part_2-199601011-00017 Taylor, 1997, Economic evaluation of interventions in endocrinology, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 26, 67, 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70234-6 Morse, 1999, Acute care hospital utilization by patients with visual impairment, Arch Ophthalmol, 117, 943, 10.1001/archopht.117.7.943 Aditya, 2003, Predictors of a nursing home placement from a non-acute geriatric hospital, Clin Rehabil, 17, 108, 10.1191/0269215503cr567oa Ivers, 2000, Visual impairment and risk of hip fracture, Am J Epidemiol, 152, 633, 10.1093/aje/152.7.633 Maberley, 2003, Screening for diabetic retinopathy in James Bay, Ontario, CMAJ, 168, 160 Bjorvig, 2002, An economic analysis of screening for diabetic retinopathy, J Telemed Telecare, 8, 32, 10.1258/1357633021937433 James, 2000, Cost effectiveness of screening for sight threatening diabetic eye disease, BMJ, 320, 1627, 10.1136/bmj.320.7250.1627 Thompson, 1998, The NCQA’s quality compass, Health Aff, 17, 152, 10.1377/hlthaff.17.1.152 Diabetes Physician Recognition Program. http://www.ncqa.org/dprp/dprpfaq.htm#Diabetes%20Physician%20Recognition%20Program%20Measures%20for%20Adult%20Patients. Last accessed October 1, 2004. Weiner, 1995, Variation in office based quality. A claims based profile of care provided to Medicare patients with diabetes, JAMA, 273, 1503, 10.1001/jama.1995.03520430039036 Bresnick, 2000, A screening approach to the surveillance of patients with diabetes for the presence of vision threatening retinopathy, Ophthalmology, 107, 19, 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)00010-X Javitt, 2000, How often should patients with diabetes be screened for retinopathy?, JAMA, 284, 437, 10.1001/jama.284.4.437