Retention and Loss of RNA Interference Pathways in Trypanosomatid Protozoans

H Cerutti, 2006, On the origin and functions of RNA-mediated silencing: from protists to man., Curr Genet, 50, 81, 10.1007/s00294-006-0078-x

E Ullu, 2004, RNA interference in protozoan parasites., Cell Microbiol, 6, 509, 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00399.x

KT Militello, 2008, Antisense RNA and RNAi in protozoan parasites: working hard or hardly working?, Mol Biochem Parasitol, 157, 117, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.10.004

J Baum, 2009, Molecular genetics and comparative genomics reveal RNAi is not functional in malaria parasites., Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 3788, 10.1093/nar/gkp239

L Braun, 2010, A complex small RNA repertoire is generated by a plant/fungal-like machinery and effected by a metazoan-like Argonaute in the single-cell human parasite <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic>., PLoS Pathog, 6, e1000920, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000920

AS Linford, 2009, Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of protein expression in <italic>Entamoeba histolytica</italic>., BMC Microbiol, 9, 38, 10.1186/1471-2180-9-38

CG Prucca, 2008, Antigenic variation in Giardia lamblia is regulated by RNA interference., Nature, 456, 750, 10.1038/nature07585

AL Banuls, 2007, <italic>Leishmania</italic> and the leishmaniases: a parasite genetic update and advances in taxonomy, epidemiology and pathogenicity in humans., Adv Parasitol, 64, 1, 10.1016/S0065-308X(06)64001-3

H Shi, 2006, An unusual Dicer-like1 protein fuels the RNA interference pathway in <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic>., RNA, 12, 2063, 10.1261/rna.246906

KL Patrick, 2009, Distinct and overlapping roles for two Dicer-like proteins in the RNA interference pathways of the ancient eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 17933, 10.1073/pnas.0907766106

KA Robinson, 2003, Improvements in transfection efficiency and tests of RNA interference (RNAi) approaches in the protozoan parasite <italic>Leishmania</italic>., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 128, 217, 10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00079-3

WD DaRocha, 2004, Tests of cytoplasmic RNA interference (RNAi) and construction of a tetracycline-inducible T7 promoter system in <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi</italic>., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 133, 175, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.10.005

SM Beverley, 2003, Protozomics: trypanosomatid parasite genetics comes of age., Nat Rev Genet, 4, 11, 10.1038/nrg980

AC Ivens, 2005, The genome of the kinetoplastid parasite, <italic>Leishmania major</italic>., Science, 309, 436, 10.1126/science.1112680

CS Peacock, 2007, Comparative genomic analysis of three Leishmania species that cause diverse human disease., Nat Genet, 39, 839, 10.1038/ng2053

A Djikeng, 2001, RNA interference in Trypanosoma brucei: cloning of small interfering RNAs provides evidence for retroposon-derived 24–26-nucleotide RNAs., RNA, 7, 1522

H Shi, 2004, Argonaute protein in the early divergent eukaryote <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic>: control of small interfering RNA accumulation and retroposon transcript abundance., Mol Cell Biol, 24, 420, 10.1128/MCB.24.1.420-427.2004

JH LeBowitz, 1990, Development of a stable <italic>Leishmania</italic> expression vector and application to the study of parasite surface antigen genes., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 87, 9736, 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9736

AA Capul, 2007, Two functionally divergent UDP-Gal nucleotide sugar transporters participate in phosphoglycan synthesis in <italic>Leishmania major</italic>., J Biol Chem, 282, 14006, 10.1074/jbc.M610869200

CE Clayton, 2002, Life without transcriptional control? From fly to man and back again., EMBO J, 21, 1881, 10.1093/emboj/21.8.1881

H Ngo, 1998, Double-stranded RNA induces mRNA degradation in <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic>., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 14687, 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14687

SJ Turco, 2001, Is lipophosphoglycan a virulence factor? A surprising diversity between <italic>Leishmania</italic> species., Trends Parasitol, 17, 223, 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)01895-5

JA Maga, 1999, Genetic dissection of the <italic>Leishmania</italic> paraflagellar rod, a unique flagellar cytoskeleton structure., J Cell Sci, 112, 2753, 10.1242/jcs.112.16.2753

T Chang, 2002, Cloning of <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic> and <italic>Leishmania major</italic> genes encoding the GlcNAc-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis that is essential to the African sleeping sickness parasite., J Biol Chem, 277, 50176, 10.1074/jbc.M208374200

W de Souza, 1980, The paraxial structure of the flagellum of trypanosomatidae., J Parasitol, 66, 229, 10.2307/3280809

P Bastin, 1998, Paraflagellar rod is vital for trypanosome motility., Nature, 391, 548, 10.1038/35300

K Schlaeppi, 1989, The major component of the paraflagellar rod of <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic> is a helical protein that is encoded by two identical, tandemly linked genes., J Cell Biol, 109, 1695, 10.1083/jcb.109.4.1695

P Bastin, 1996, The paraflagellar rod of kinetoplastida: solved and unsolved questions., Parasitol Today, 12, 302, 10.1016/0169-4758(96)10031-4

E Bernstein, 2001, Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference., Nature, 409, 363, 10.1038/35053110

NR Dudley, 2002, Using RNA interference to identify genes required for RNA interference., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, 4191, 10.1073/pnas.062605199

JK Kim, 2005, Functional genomic analysis of RNA interference in <italic>C. elegans</italic>., Science, 308, 1164, 10.1126/science.1109267

M Berriman, 2005, The genome of the African trypanosome <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic>., Science, 309, 416, 10.1126/science.1112642

IA Drinnenberg, 2009, RNAi in budding yeast., Science, 326, 544, 10.1126/science.1176945

JL Patterson, 1993, The current status of <italic>Leishmania</italic> RNA virus I., Parasitol Today, 9, 135, 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90178-I

PI Tarr, 1988, LR1: a candidate RNA virus of <italic>Leishmania</italic>., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 85, 9572, 10.1073/pnas.85.24.9572

G Widmer, 1989, Characterization of a RNA virus from the parasite <italic>Leishmania</italic>., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86, 5979, 10.1073/pnas.86.15.5979

L Guilbride, 1992, Distribution and sequence divergence of LRV1 viruses among different <italic>Leishmania</italic> species., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 54, 101, 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90099-6

YT Ro, 1997, Hygromycin B resistance mediates elimination of <italic>Leishmania</italic> virus from persistently infected parasites., J Virol, 71, 8991, 10.1128/JVI.71.12.8991-8998.1997

SW Ding, 2007, Antiviral immunity directed by small RNAs., Cell, 130, 413, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.039

MM Ogg, 2003, Short report: quantification of leishmaniavirus RNA in clinical samples and its possible role in pathogenesis., Am J Trop Med Hyg, 69, 309, 10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.309

V Gupta, 2007, An insight into the <italic>Leishmania</italic> RNA virus., Indian J Med Microbiol, 25, 7, 10.4103/0255-0857.31054

H Shi, 2004, Selection and characterization of RNA interference-deficient trypanosomes impaired in target mRNA degradation., Eukaryot Cell, 3, 1445, 10.1128/EC.3.6.1445-1453.2004

KL Patrick, 2008, Genomic rearrangements and transcriptional analysis of the spliced leader-associated retrotransposon in RNA interference-deficient <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic>., Mol Microbiol, 67, 435, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06057.x

A Girard, 2008, Conserved themes in small-RNA-mediated transposon control., Trends Cell Biol, 18, 136, 10.1016/j.tcb.2008.01.004

SM Beverley, 1991, Gene amplification in <italic>Leishmania</italic>., Annu Rev Microbiol, 45, 417, 10.1146/annurev.mi.45.100191.002221

P Borst, 1995, New mechanisms of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa., Annu Rev Microbiol, 49, 427, 10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.002235

MAC de Lafaille, 1992, Gene expression in <italic>Leishmania</italic>: analysis of essential 5′ DNA sequences., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 2703, 10.1073/pnas.89.7.2703

FC Dias, 2007, Organization of H locus conserved repeats in <italic>Leishmania</italic> (<italic>Viannia</italic>) <italic>braziliensis</italic> correlates with lack of gene amplification and drug resistance., Parasitol Res, 101, 667, 10.1007/s00436-007-0528-5

PK Patnaik, 1993, Autonomously replicating single-copy episomes in <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic> show unusual stability., EMBO J, 12, 2529, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05908.x

PK Rathod, 1997, Variations in frequencies of drug resistance in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94, 9389, 10.1073/pnas.94.17.9389

E Denamur, 2006, Evolution of mutation rates in bacteria., Mol Microbiol, 60, 820, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05150.x

JR Stevens, 2001, The molecular evolution of Trypanosomatidae., Adv Parasitol, 48, 1, 10.1016/S0065-308X(01)48003-1

PA Bates, 2007, Transmission of <italic>Leishmania</italic> metacyclic promastigotes by phlebotomine sand flies., Int J Parasitol, 37, 1097, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.04.003

S Dorner, 2006, A genomewide screen for components of the RNAi pathway in <italic>Drosophila</italic> cultured cells., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103, 11880, 10.1073/pnas.0605210103

S Martinez-Calvillo, 2003, Transcription of <italic>Leishmania major</italic> Friedlin chromosome 1 initiates in both directions within a single region., Mol Cell, 11, 1291, 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00143-6

SI Belli, 2003, Sense and antisense transcripts in the histone H1 (HIS-1) locus of <italic>Leishmania major</italic>., Int J Parasitol, 33, 965, 10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00126-7

GM Kapler, 1989, Transcriptional mapping of the amplified region encoding the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase of Leishmania major reveals a high density of transcripts, including overlapping and antisense RNAs., Mol Cell Biol, 9, 3959, 10.1128/MCB.9.9.3959

SM Beverley, 2003, Genetic and genomic approaches to the analysis of <italic>Leishmania</italic> virulence.

L Timmons, 1998, Specific interference by ingested dsRNA., Nature, 395, 854, 10.1038/27579

GM Kapler, 1990, Stable transfection of the human parasite <italic>Leishmania major</italic> delineates a 30-kilobase region sufficient for extrachromosomal replication and expression., Mol Cell Biol, 10, 1084, 10.1128/MCB.10.3.1084

PA Orlandi Jr, 1987, Structure of the lipid moiety of the <italic>Leishmania donovani</italic> lipophosphoglycan., J Biol Chem, 262, 10384, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61124-X

RP Soares, 2005, <italic>Leishmania braziliensis</italic>: a novel mechanism in the lipophosphoglycan regulation during metacyclogenesis., Int J Parasitol, 35, 245, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.12.008

A Djikeng, 2003, An siRNA ribonucleoprotein is found associated with polyribosomes in <italic>Trypanosoma brucei</italic>., RNA, 9, 802, 10.1261/rna.5270203

K Tamura, 2007, MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0., Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 1596, 10.1093/molbev/msm092