Responses of butterflies to visual and olfactory signals of flowers of the bush lily Clivia miniata

Andersson S, Dobson HEM (2003) Behavioral foraging responses by the butterfly Heliconius melpomene to Lantana camara floral scent. J Chem Ecol 29:2303–2318 Andersson S, Nilsson LA, Groth I, Bergstrom G (2002) Floral scents in butterfly-pollinated plants: possible convergence in chemical composition. Bot J Linn Soc 140:129–153 Armbruster WS (1996) Evolution of floral morphology and function: an integrative approach to adaptation, constraint, and compromise in Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae). In: Lloyd DG, Barrett SCH (eds) Floral biology: studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 241–272 Arroyo MK, Till-Bottraud I, Torres C, Henriquez CA, Martinez J (2007) Display size preferences and foraging habits of high Andean butterflies pollinating Chaetanthera lycopodioides (Asteraceae) in the subnival of the central Chilean Andes. Arct Antarct Alp Res 39:347–352 Balamurali GS, Rose S, Somanathan H, Kodandaramaiah U (2020) Complex multi-modal sensory integration and context specificity in colour preferences of a pierid butterfly. J Exp Biol 223:jeb223271 Bell G (1985) On the function of flowers. Proc R Soc Lond B 224:223–265 Blackiston DJ, Briscoe AD, Weiss MR (2011) Colour vision and learning in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Nymphalidae). J Exp Biol 214:509–520 Borges RM, Gowda V, Zacharias M (2003) Butterfly pollination and high-contrast visual signals in a low-density distylous plant. Oecologia 136:571–573 Briscoe AD, Chittka L (2001) The evolution of color vision in insects. Annu Rev Entomol 46:471–510 Butler HC, Johnson SD (2020) Butterfly-wing pollination in Scadoxus and other South African Amaryllidaceae. Bot J Linn Soc 193:363–374 Campbell DR (2009) Using phenotypic manipulations to study multivariate selection of floral trait associations. Ann Bot 103:1557–1566 Campbell DR, Jürgens A, Johnson SD (2016) Reproductive isolation between Zaluzianskya species: the influence of volatiles and flower orientation on hawkmoth foraging choices. New Phytol 210:333–342 Caruso CM, Eisen KE, Martin RA, Sletvold N (2019) A meta-analysis of the agents of selection on floral traits. Evolution 73:4–14 Chittka L, Shmida A, Troje N, Menzel R (1994) Ultraviolet as a component of flower reflections, and the colour perception of Hymenoptera. Vision Res 34:1489–1508 Chittka L, Spaethe J, Schmidt A, Hickelsberger A (2001) Adaptation, constraint, and chance in the evolution of flower color and pollinator color vision. In: Chittka L, Thomson JD (eds) Cognitive ecology of pollination. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 106–126 Crane J (1955) Imaginal behavior of a Trinidad butterfly, Heliconius erato hydara Hewitson, with special reference to the social use of color. Zoologica 40:167–196 Dafni A, Giurfa M (1999) The functional ecology of floral guides in relation to insects behaviour and vision. In: Wasser SP (ed) Evolutionary theory and processes: modern perspectives. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 363–383 Daniels RJ, Johnson SD, Peter CI (2020) Flower orientation in Gloriosa superba (Colchicaceae) promotes cross-pollination via butterfly wings. Ann Bot 125:1137–1149 Dornhaus A, Chittka L (1999) Insect behaviour: evolutionary origins of bee dances. Nature 401:38–38 Drewniak ME, Briscoe AD, Cocucci AA, Beccacece HM, Zapata AI, Moré M (2020) From the butterfly’s point of view: learned colour association determines differential pollination of two co-occurring mock verbains by Agraulis vanillae (Nymphalidae). Biol J Linn Soc 130:715–725 Faegri K, van der Pijl L (1979) The principles of pollination ecology. Pergamon, Oxford Franzke M et al (2020) Spatial orientation based on multiple visual cues in non-migratory monarch butterflies. J Exp Biol 223:jeb223800 Fulton M, Hodges SA (1999) Floral isolation between Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia pubescens. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 266:2247–2252 Gervasi DDL, Schiestl FP (2017) Real-time divergent evolution in plants driven by pollinators. Nat Commun 8:14691 Goulson D, Cory JS (1993) Flower constancy and learning in foraging preferences of the green-veined white butterfly Pieris napi. Ecol Entomol 18:315–320 Goyret J, Markwell PM, Raguso RA (2007) The effect of decoupling olfactory and visual stimuli on the foraging behavior of Manduca sexta. J Exp Biol 210:1398–1405 Hansen DM, Van der Niet T, Johnson SD (2012) Floral signposts: testing the significance of visual ‘nectar guides’ for pollinator behaviour and plant fitness. Proc R Soc B 279:634–639 Haverkamp A, Li X, Hansson BS, Baldwin IT, Knaden M, Yon F (2019) Flower movement balances pollinator needs and pollen protection. Ecology 100:e02553 Hirota SK, Miki N, Yasumoto AA, Yahara T (2019) UV bullseye contrast of Hemerocallis flowers attracts hawkmoths but not swallowtail butterflies. Ecol Evol 9:52–64 Ilse D, Vaidya VG (1956) Spontaneous feeding response to colours in Papilio demoleus L. Proc Indian Acad Sci Sect B 43:23–31 Johnson SD (1994) Evidence for Batesian mimicry in a butterfly-pollinated orchid. Biol J Lin Soc 53:91–104 Johnson SD, Bond WJ (1994) Red flowers and butterfly pollination in the fynbos of South Africa. In: Arianoutsou M, Groves RH (eds) Plant-animal interactions in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 137–148 Johnson SD, Dafni A (1998) Response of bee-flies to the shape and pattern of model flowers: implications for floral evolution in a Mediterranean herb. Funct Ecol 12:289–297 Johnson SD, Andersson S (2002) A simple field method for manipulating ultraviolet reflectance of flowers. Can J Bot 80:1325–1328 Johnson SD, Wester P (2017) Stefan Vogel’s analysis of floral syndromes in the South African flora: an appraisal based on 60 years of pollination studies. Flora 232:200–206 Kandori I, Ohsaki N (1998) Effect of experience on foraging behavior towards artificial nectar guide in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Appl Entomol Zool 33:35–42 Kelber A (1997) Innate preferences for flower features in the hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum. J Exp Biol 200:827–836 Kelber A, Vorobyev M, Osorio D (2003) Animal colour vision—behavioral tests and physiological consepts. Biol Rev 78:81–118 Kiepiel I, Johnson SD (2014) Shift from bird to butterfly pollination in Clivia (Amaryllidaceae). Am J Bot 101:190–200 Kinoshita M, Shimada N, Arikawa K (1999) Colour vision of the foraging swallotail butterfly Papilio xunthus. J Exp Biol 202:95–102 Kinoshita M, Stewart FJ, Ômura H (2017) Multisensory integration in Lepidoptera: insights into flower-visitor interactions. BioEssays 39:1600086 Koshitaka H, Arikawa K, Kinoshita M (2011) Intensity contrast as a crucial cue for butterfly landing. J Comp Physiol A 197:1105 Koshitaka H, Kinoshita M, Vorobyev M, Arikawa K (2008) Tetrachromacy in a butterfly that has eight varieties of spectral receptors. Proc R Soc B 275:947–954 Lunau K, Maier EJ (1995) Innate colour preferences of flower visitors. J Comp Physiol A 177:1–19 Lunau K, Fieselmann G, Heuschen B, van de Loo A (2006) Visual targeting of components of floral colour patterns in flower-naive bumblebees (Bombus terrestris; Apidae). Naturewissenschaften 93:325–328 Metcalf RL, Metcalf ER (1992) Plant kairomones in insect ecology and control. Chapman & Hall, New York Mitchell-Olds T, Shaw RG (1987) Regression analysis of natural selection: statistical inference and biological interpretation. Evolution 41:1149–1161 Newman E, Anderson B, Johnson SD (2012) Flower colour adaptation in a mimetic orchid. Proc R Soc B 279:2309–2313 Ômura H, Honda K (2005) Priority of color over scent during flower visitation by adult Vanessa indica butterflies. Oecologia 142:588–596 Pohl NB, Van Wyk J, Campbell DR (2011) Butterflies show flower colour preferences but not constancy in foraging at four plant species. Ecol Entomol 36:290–300 Policha T, Davis A, Barnadas M, Dentinger BT, Raguso RA, Roy BA (2016) Disentangling visual and olfactory signals in mushroom-mimicking Dracula orchids using realistic three-dimensional printed flowers. New Phytol 2100:1058–1071 Rader R et al (2016) Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:146–151 Raguso R (2008) Wake up and smell the roses: the ecology and evolution of floral scent. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 39:549–569 Schemske DW, Bradshaw HD Jr (1999) Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkeyflowers (Mimulus). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11910–11915 Scherer C, Kolb G (1987) Behavioral experiments on the visual processing of color stimuli in Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera). J Comp Physiol A 160:645–656 Schiestl FP, Johnson SD (2013) Pollinator-mediated evolution of floral signals. Trends Ecol Evol 28:307–315 Silberglied RE (1984) Visual communication and sexual selection amoung butterflies. In: Vane-Wright RI, Ackery PR (eds) The biology of butterflies. Academic Press, London, pp 207–223 Sletvold N, Ågren J (2010) Pollinator-mediated selection on floral display and spur length in the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Int J Plant Sci 171:999–1009 Sletvold N, Trunschke J, Smit M, Verbeek J, Ågren J (2016) Strong pollinator-mediated selection for increased flower brightness and contrast in a deceptive orchid. Evolution 70:716–724 Sprengel CK (1793) Das entdeckte Geheimnifs der Natur in Bau un in der Befruchtung der Blumen. Friedrich Vieweg dem aeltern, Berlin Swihart SL (1970) The neural basis of colour vision in the butterfly, Papilio troilus. J Insect Physiol 16:1623–1636 Swihart CA, Swihart SL (1970) Colour selection and learned feeding preferences in the butterfly, Heliconius charitonius Linn. Anim Behav 18:60–64 Vaidya VG (1969) Form perception in Papilio demoleus L. (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera). Behaviour 33:212–221 Van der Niet T, Johnson SD (2012) Phylogenetic evidence for pollinator-driven diversification of angiosperms. Trends Ecol Evol 27:353–361 Vaughton G, Ramsey M (1998) Floral display, pollinator visitation and reproductive success in the dioecious perennial herb Wurmbea dioica (Liliaceae). Oecologia 115:93–101 Wang H, Xiao C-L, Gituru RW, Xiong Z, Yu D, Guo Y-H, Yang C-H (2014) Change of floral orientation affects pollinator diversity and their relative importance in an alpine plant with generalized pollination system, Geranium refractim (Geraniaceae). Plant Ecol 215:1211–1219 Waser NM, Price MV (1985) The effect of nectar guides on pollinator preference: experimental studies with a montane herb. Oecologia 67:121–126 Weiss MR (1995) Floral color change: a widespread functional convergence. Am J Bot 82:167–185 Weiss MR (1997) Innate colour preferences and flexible colour learning in the pipevine swallowtail. Anim Behav 53:1043–1052 Yoshida M, Itoh Y, Ômura H, Arikawa K, Kinoshita M (2015) Plant scents modify innate colour preference in foraging swllowtail butterflies. Biol Lett 11:20150390