Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity

British Journal of Nutrition - Tập 117 Số 1 - Trang 30-47 - 2017
Marta Bou1, Gerd Marit Berge2, Grete Bæverfjord2, Trygve Sigholt3, Tone‐Kari Østbye4, Odd Helge Romarheim5, Bjarne Hatlen2, Robine H. J. Leeuwis4, Claudia Venegas6, Bente Ruyter1
1Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1430 Ås, Norway; Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research), PO Box 210, N-1432 Ås, Norway
2Nofima, N-6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway
3Biomar AS, N-7484 Trondheim, Norway
4Nofima, Norwegian institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture research, PO Box 210, N-1432 Ås, Norway
5Nofima, Kjerreidviken 16, N-5141 Fyllingsdalen, Norway
6AVS Chile S.A., Imperial 0655-4A, Puerto Varas, Chile

Tóm tắt

AbstractFarmed salmon feeds have changed from purely marine-based diets with high levels of EPA and DHA in the 1990s to the current 70 % plant-based diets with low levels of these fatty acids (FA). The aim of this study was to establish the impacts of low dietary EPA and DHA levels on performance and tissue integrity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Atlantic salmon (50 g) in seawater were fed fourteen experimental diets, containing five levels (0, 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 and 2·0 %) of EPA, DHA or a 1:1 EPA+DHA plus control close to a commercial diet, to a final weight of 400 g. Lack of EPA and DHA did not influence mortality, but then-3-deficient group exhibited moderately slower growth than those fed levels above 0·5 %. The heart and brain conserved EPA and DHA levels better than skeletal muscle, liver, skin and intestine. Decreased EPA and DHA favoured deposition of pro-inflammatory 20 : 4n-6 and 20 : 3n-6 FA in membrane phospholipids in all tissues. When DHA was excluded from diets, 18 : 3n-3 and EPA were to a large extent converted to DHA. Liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle morphology was normal in all groups, with the exception of cytoplasm packed with large or foamy vacuoles and sometimes swollen enterocytes of intestine in both deficient and EPA groups. DHA supplementation supported normal intestinal structure, and 2·0 % EPA+DHA alleviated deficiency symptoms. Thus, EPA and DHA dietary requirements cannot be based exclusively on growth; tissue integrity and fish health also need to be considered.

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British Journal of Nutrition

Tập 117 Số 1

30-47

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