Reproductive status of endemic felid species in Latin American zoos and implications for ex situ conservation
Tóm tắt
Reproductive evaluations were conducted on 185 male cats representing eight endemic Latin American species that were maintained in 44 zoos and private facilities in 12 Latin American countries. Reproductive assessments (testicular measures, ejaculate quality, and blood testosterone/cortisol concentration) were used to establish normative values for large‐ and small‐sized cats in Latin American collections. Data also were analyzed using multiple regression to study the impact of proven breeder status, diet, and various animal housing combinations. Most felids (>95%) in the survey were of wild‐born origin, and <20% had produced offspring in captivity. Larger felids had bigger testes and produced more semen, but tended to produce low‐sperm‐density ejaculates. The ejaculates of small felids were more sperm‐concentrated, but contained fewer total spermatozoa. Sperm motility was unrelated to species size, and certain species (puma, margay, tigrina, and jaguarundi) consistently produced few (<40%) normal sperm forms. Across species, >50% of males had low sperm counts (<1 million total sperm per ejaculate). Among large cats (jaguars and pumas), proven breeders had larger (
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bharadwaj MD, 1961, Mode of formation of the preputial cavity in domestic animals, Am J Vet Res, 22, 764
BroussetDM GalindoF ValdezR RomanoM AlujaAS.2000.Behaviour and fecal cortisol as noninvasive indicators for the assessment of welfare in captive small Mexican felines. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. Floreanopolis Brazil. p118.
Dieter JA, 1993, Pregnancy failure in cats associated with long‐term dietary taurine insufficiency, J Reprod Fertil, 47, 457
HerronMA.1971.A potential consequence of prepuberal feline castration. Feline Pract Sept.–Oct.:17–9.
Howard JG, 1993, Zoo and wild animal medicine: current therapy, 390
Howard JG, 1986, Current therapy in theriogenology, 1047
MoraesW MoraisRN MoreiraN LacerdaO GomesMLF MuccioloRG SwansonWF.1997.Successful artificial insemination after exogenous gonadotropin treatment in the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and tigrina (Leopardus tigrina). Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet p334–5.
MoraisRN MuccioloRG GomesMLF LacerdaO MoraesW MoreiraN SwansonWF BrownJL.1997.Adrenal activity assessed by fecal corticoids and male reproductive traits in three South American felid species. Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet p220–3.
Morato RG, 2000, Ovarian stimulation and successful in vitro fertilization in the jaguar (Panthera onca), Theriogenology, 53, 339
NowellK JacksonP.1996.Wild cats: status survey and conservation action plan. Gland Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. 382 p
OliveiraTG.1994.Neotropical cats: ecology and conservation. São Luís Brazil: EDUFMA. 222 p
Pedersen NC, 1983, Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a cattery associated with the feeding of a fad diet containing horsemeat, Feline Pract, 13, 19
Pukazhenthi BS, 2001, Advances in reproduction in dogs, cats and exotic carnivores, 423
Scott PP, 1968, The special features of nutrition of cats, with observations on wild Felidae nutrition in the London Zoo, Symp Zool Soc Lond, 21, 21
Scott PP, 1964, Vitamin A and reproduction in the cat, J Reprod Fertil, 8, 270
SwansonWF.2001.Reproductive biotechnology and conservation of the forgotten felids—the small cats. In: Omaha NE: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium in Assisted Reproductive Technology for Conservation and Genetic Management of Wildlife. p100–20.
SwansonWF MoraisRN MoreiraN GomesM MoraesW BroussetD GalindoF EsquivelC YartoE CanalesD WasserS BrownJL.1999.Collaborative reproductive research and training programs for the conservation of Latin American felids and primates. In: Cincinnati OH: Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity. p262.
Swanson WF, 2002, Influence of species and diet on efficiency of in vitro fertilization in two endangered Brazilian felids—the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and tigrina (Leopardus tigrinus), Theriogenology, 57, 593
Ullrey DE, 1989, Meat diets for performing exotic cats, J Zoo Wildl Med, 20, 20
Wildt DE, 1998, Encyclopedia of reproduction, 497
Wildt D, 2003, Reproductive sciences and integrated conservation, 2