Reproductive phenology and physiological traits in the red mangrove hybrid complex (Rhizophora mangle and R. racemosa) across a natural gradient of nutrients and salinity

Plant Ecology - Tập 215 - Trang 481-493 - 2014
Ivania Cerón-Souza1,2, Benjamin L. Turner1, Klaus Winter1, Ernesto Medina3, Eldredge Bermingham1, Gonzalo N. Feliner4
1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Republic of Panama
2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
3Centro de Ecología; IVIC; Caracas Venezuela
4Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain

Tóm tắt

Factors modulating introgressive hybridization between the red mangrove species Rhizophora mangle and R. racemosa in spatially defined sites are poorly understood. To investigate this, we evaluated the reproductive phenology and the nutrient and physiological traits in those two species and their F1 hybrids genotyped with microsatellite data across a natural hybrid zone from the Pacific coast of Panama. We found no evidence that reproductive phenology represents a barrier to gene flow, because R. mangle and the F1 hybrids produced flowers and propagules throughout the annual cycle, while R. racemosa flowered only in the dry season. Soil nutrient concentrations decreased landward, while soil salinity varied only slightly. Foliar nutrients and δ15N signatures varied according to the soil nutrient gradient, but only foliar phosphorus and carbon varied among species. In contrast, two structural variables (height and trunk diameter) and leaf variables related to salinity tolerance (Na, Cl:Na, K:Na, cation:anion) and water-use efficiency (i.e., δ13C) differed among species, suggesting higher salinity tolerance for R. mangle and F1 hybrids compared with R. racemosa. We conclude that parental species and F1 hybrids differ in salinity tolerance and water-use efficiency, which could be associated with adaptive evolution of the red mangrove hybrid complex.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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