Reproductive impairment and induction of alkaline-labile phosphate, a biomarker of estrogen exposure, in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to waterborne 17β-estradiol

Ahel, 1994, Behaviour of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants in the aquatic environment—I. Occurrence and transformation in sewage treatment, Water Res., 28, 1131, 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90200-3

Aherne, 1989, The relevance of the presence of certain synthetic steroids in the aquatic environment, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 41, 735, 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06355.x

Amdur, M.O., Doull, J., Klaassen, C.D., 1991. Cassarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 4th ed. Pergamon, New York, pp. 12–49.

APHA (1985) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed. American Public Health Association, pp. 269–273.

Babin, 1989, Plasma lipoproteins in fish, J. Lipid Res., 30, 467, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38342-5

Barham, 1980, The haematological assessment of bacterial infection in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), J. Fish Biol., 17, 275, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02761.x

Bevans, H.E., Goodbred, S.L., Miesner, J.F., Watkins, S.A., Gross, T.S., Denslow, N.D., Schoeb, T., 1996. Synthetic Organic Compounds and Carp Endocrinology and Histology in Las Vegas Wash and Las Vegas and Callville Bays of Lake Mead, Nevada, 1992 and 1995. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations Report 96-4266, Carson City, Nevada, 12 pp.

Brighty, G., 1996. The Identification and Assessment of Oestrogenic Substances in Sewage Treatment Works Effluents. U.K. Environment Agency Project 490 Report, Bristol, UK, 6 pp.

Bruce, 1992, A statistical procedure for modeling continuous toxicity data, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 11, 1485, 10.1002/etc.5620111014

Cyr, 1988, Seasonal patterns in serum levels of thyroid hormones and sex steroids in relation to photoperiod-induced changes in spawning time in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 69, 217, 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90008-1

Davies, 1987, Physiological anatomic and behavioural changes in the respiratory system of Salmo gairdneri on acute and chronic exposure to chlorothalonil, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 88C, 113

Denison, 1981, Persistent vitellogenin-like protein and binding of DDT in the serum of insecticide-resistant mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 69C, 109

DeVlaming, 1984, Dynamics of oocyte development and related changes in serum estradiol-17β, yolk precursor, and lipid levels in the teleostean fish, Leptocottus armatus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 77A, 599, 10.1016/0300-9629(84)90170-1

Donaldson, 1990, Reproductive indices as measures of the effects of environmental stressors in fish, Am. Fish. Soc. Symp., 8, 109

Donaldson, E.M., Hunter, G.A., 1983. Induced final maturation, ovulation and spermiation in cultured fish. In: Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J., Donaldson, E.M. (Eds.), Fish Physiology. Academic Press, New York, Volume 9, Part B, pp. 351–403.

Donohoe, 1996, Estrogenic activity of chlordecone, o,p′-DDT and o,p′-DDE in juvenile rainbow trout: induction of vitellogenesis and interaction with hepatic estrogen binding sites, Aquat. Toxicol., 36, 31, 10.1016/S0166-445X(96)00799-0

Emmersen, 1976, Natural occurrence and experimental induction by estradiol-17-β, of a lipophosphoprotein (vitellogenin) in flounder (Platichthys flesus L.), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 54B, 443

Fattore, 1996, Sterols in sediment samples from Venice lagoon, Italy, Chemosphere, 33, 2383, 10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00340-2

Folmar, 1996, Vitellogenin induction and reduce serum testosterone concentrations in feral male carp (Cyprinus carpio) captured near a major metropolitan sewage treatment plant, Environ. Health Perspect., 104, 1096, 10.1289/ehp.961041096

Forlin, 1985, Increased excretion in the bile of 17β-[3H]estradiol-derived radioactivity in rainbow trout treated with β-naphthoflavone, Aquat. Toxicol., 6, 197, 10.1016/0166-445X(85)90004-9

Forlin, 1990, Sex differences in hepatic cytochrome P-450 monoxygenase activities in rainbow trout during an annual reproductive cycle, J. Endocrinol., 124, 207, 10.1677/joe.0.1240207

Gimeno, 1996, Feminization of male carp, Nature, 384, 221, 10.1038/384221a0

Goodbred, S.L., Gilliom, R.J., Gross, T.S., Denslow, N.P., Bryant, W.B., Schoeb, T.R., 1996. Reconnaissance of 17β-Estradiol, 11-Ketotestosterone, Vitellogenin and Gonad Histopathology in Common Carp of United States Streams: Potential for Contaminant-induced Endocrine Disruption. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-627.

Gray, 1997, Induction of testis-ova in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to p-nonylphenol, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16, 1082

Harries, J.E., Jobling, S., Matthiesen, P., Sheahan, D.A., Sumpter, J.P., 1995. Effects of Trace Organics on Fish—Phase 2. Department of the Environment, Foundation for Water Research Report FR/D 0022, Bucks, UK, 90 pp.

Herman, 1988, Pathological effects of orally administered estradiol to rainbow trout, Aquaculture, 72, 165, 10.1016/0044-8486(88)90156-1

Ho, S.-M., 1991. Vitellogenesis. In: Pang, P.K.T., Schreibman, M.P. (Eds.), Vertebrate Endocrinology: Fundamentals and Biomedical Implications. Academic Press, New York, Volume 4, Part A, pp. 91–126.

Janz, 1997, Suppression of apoptosis by gonadotropin, 17β-estradiol, and epidermal growth factor in rainbow trout preovulatory ovarian follicles, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 105, 186, 10.1006/gcen.1996.6820

Jobling, 1993, Detergent components in sewage effluent are weakly oestrogenic to fish: An in vitro study using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes, Aquat. Toxicol., 27, 361, 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90064-8

Jobling, 1996, Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, 194, 10.1002/etc.5620150218

Lazier, 1996, Androgen inhibition of vitellogenin gene expression in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 104, 321, 10.1006/gcen.1996.0177

Lehtinen, 1990, Physiological effects in fish exposed to effluents from mills with six different bleaching processes, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 19, 33, 10.1016/0147-6513(90)90076-H

Lye, 1997, Abnormalities in the reproductive health of flounder Platichthys flesus exposed to effluent from a sewage treatment works, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 34, 34, 10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00061-6

MacKay, 1996, Up-regulation of estrogen receptor mRNA and estrogen receptor activity by estradiol in liver of rainbow trout and other teleostean fish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 115C, 201

Maisse, 1991, Sexual maturity in sea trout, Salmo trutta L., running up the River Calonne (Normandy, France) at the `finnock' stage, J. Fish Biol., 39, 705, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04400.x

Martin, 1949, Determination of inorganic phosphate: Modification of isobutyl alcohol procedure, Anal. Chem., 21, 965, 10.1021/ac60032a024

Matty, A.J., 1985. Fish Endocrinology. Billing, Worcester, pp. 157–161.

Miles-Richardson, S.R., Kramer, V.J., Fitzgerald, S.D., Render, J.A., Yamini, B., Barbee, S.J., Giesy, J.P., 1997. Effects of waterborne exposure to 17 β-estradiol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Aquat. Toxicol., submitted.

Nimrod, 1996, Estrogenic responses to xenobiotics in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), Mar. Environ. Res., 42, 155, 10.1016/0141-1136(95)00063-1

OECD, 1984. Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14 Day Study. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, Method 204. OECD, Paris.

Parker, 1987, Effects of pH and/or calcium-enriched freshwater on plasma levels of vitellogenin and Ca2+ and on bone calcium content during exogenous vitellogenesis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 87A, 267, 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90122-8

Pelissero, 1991, The estrogenic activity of certain phytoestrogens in the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 38, 293, 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90100-J

Pottinger, 1996, Testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and estradiol-17β modify baseline and stress-induced interrenal and corticotropic activity in trout, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 104, 284, 10.1006/gcen.1996.0173

Purdom, 1994, Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works, Chem. Ecol., 8, 275, 10.1080/02757549408038554

Rexrode, M., Armitage, T.M., 1986. Standard Evaluation Procedure: Fish Life-cycle Toxicity Tests. EPA 540/9-86-137. Hazard Evaluation Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

Ruby, 1987, Changes in plasma, liver, and ovary vitellogenin in landlocked Atlantic salmon following exposure to sublethal cyanide, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 16, 507, 10.1007/BF01055274

SAS Institute, 1995. JMP Statistics and Graphics Guide, Version 3.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 593 pp.

Scott, 1983, A comparison of the female reproductive cycles of autumn-spawning and winter-spawning strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 52, 79, 10.1016/0016-6480(83)90160-0

Shore, 1993, Estrogen as an environmental pollutant, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 51, 361, 10.1007/BF00201753

Snowberger, 1987, Patterns and regulation of estradiol metabolism by hepatic microsomes from two species of marine teleosts, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 66, 256, 10.1016/0016-6480(87)90275-9

Specker, J.L., Sullivan, C.V., 1994. Vitellogenesis in fishes: status and perspectives. In: Davey, K.G., Peter, R.E., Tobe, S.S. (Eds.), Perspectives in Comparative Endocrinology. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.

Stacey, N., Sorensen, P.W., Dulka, J.G., van der Kraak, G.J. and Hara, T.J., 1987. Teleost sex pheromones: recent studies on identity and function. In: Idler, D.R., Crim, L.W., Walsh, J.M. (Eds.), Reproductive Physiology of Fish. St. John's, Newfoundland, pp. 150–153.

Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 86–119.

Sundararaj, 1981, Steroid-induced synthesis of vitellogenin in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 43, 201, 10.1016/0016-6480(81)90313-0

Tam, 1986, Ovarian cycle and plasma concentrations of estrogen and vitellogenin in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill), Can. J. Zool., 64, 744, 10.1139/z86-110

Thomas, 1993, Binding of xenobiotics to the estrogen receptor of spotted seatrout: A screening assay for potential estrogenic effects, Mar. Environ. Res., 35, 147, 10.1016/0141-1136(93)90029-Y

Tyler, 1988, In vivo ovarian uptake and processing of vitellogenin in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, J. Exp. Zool., 246, 171, 10.1002/jez.1402460209

Tyler, 1988, Selectivity of protein sequestration by vitellogenic oocytes of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, J. Exp. Zool., 248, 199, 10.1002/jez.1402480211

Venkateshwarlu, 1990, Effect of endosulfan and kelthane on haematology and serum biochemical parameters of the teleost Claria batrachus, Indian J. Comp. Anim. Physiol., 8, 8

Wallace, 1968, Studies on amphibian yolk. VII. Serum phosphoprotein synthesis by vitellogenic females and estrogen treated males of Xenopus laevis, Can. J. Biochem., 46, 953, 10.1139/o68-142

Wester, 1986, Histopathological study of Oryzias latipes (medaka) after long-term β-hexachlorocyclohexane exposure, Aquat. Toxicol., 9, 21, 10.1016/0166-445X(86)90004-4

Wester, 1985, Histopathological study of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) after long-term β-hexachlorocyclohexane exposure, Aquat. Toxicol., 6, 271, 10.1016/0166-445X(85)90024-4

White, 1994, Environmentally persistent alkylphenolic compounds are estrogenic, Endocrinology, 135, 175, 10.1210/en.135.1.175

Wiegand, 1980, Effects of sex steroids on plasma lipids in the goldfish, Carassius auratus, Can. J. Zool., 58, 967, 10.1139/z80-135

Xiong, 1993, Control of salmon pituitary hormone gene expression, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 11, 63, 10.1007/BF00004551

Xiong, 1994, Differential recruitment of steroid hormone response elements may dictate the expression of the pituitary gonadotropin II.beta. subunit gene during salmon maturation, Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 782, 10.1210/me.8.6.782