Reproductive diapause influences spermatogenesis and testes’ size in the diplochronous wolf spider Allocosa senex (Lycosidae, Araneae) – A case study using a non-experimental approach

Aisenberg, 2005, Females mated without sperm transfer maintain high sexual receptivity in the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa, Ethol, 111, 545, 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01077.x Aisenberg, 2008, Reproductive isolation and sex role reversal in two sympatric sand-dwelling wolf spiders of the genus Allocosa. Can. J, Zool, 86, 648 Aisenberg, 2007, Daring females, devoted males, and reversed sexual size dimorphism in the sand-dwelling spider Allocosa brasiliensis (Araneae, Lycosidae), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 62, 29, 10.1007/s00265-007-0435-x Aisenberg, 2011, Male sexual cannibalism in a sand-dwelling wolf spider with sex role reversal, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 103, 68, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01631.x Alberti, 1991, Ultrastructure of the primary male genital system, spermatozoa, and spermiogenesis of Hypochilus pococki (Araneae, Hypochilidae), J. Arachnol., 136 Blum, 1970, Invertebrate testes, 393 Brazzel, 1959, Diapause in Anthonomus grandis Boh, J. Econ. Entomol., 52, 603, 10.1093/jee/52.4.603 Breucker, 1982, The annual cycle of the male gonads (Light Microscopic studies), 55 Canals, 2015, Low metabolic rates in primitive hunters and weaver spiders, Physiol. Entomol., 40, 232, 10.1111/phen.12108 Carrel, 1976, Heart rate in spiders: influence of body size and foraging energetics, Science, 193, 148, 10.1126/science.935864 Costa, 1995, Ecología y actividad diaria de las arañas de la arena Allocosa spp. (Araneae, Lycosidae) en Marindia, localidad costera del sur del Uruguay, Rev. Bras. De. Biol., 55, 457 Costa, 2006, Composición y ecología de la fauna epígea de Marindia (Canelones, Uruguay) con especial énfasis en las arañas: un estudio de dos años con trampas de intercepción, 427 Cox, 1994, Diapause in the Chrysomelidae, 469 Delignette-Muller, 2015, fitdistrplus: an R package for fitting distributions, J. Stat. Softw., 64, 1, 10.18637/jss.v064.i04 Denlinger, 2014, Mosquito diapause, Ann. Rev. Entomol., 59, 73, 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162023 Denlinger, 2012, Hormonal control of diapause, 430 Denlinger, 2000, Molecular regulation of insect diapause, 259 Dharmarathne, 2022, Limitations of sperm transfer in the complex reproductive system of spiders, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 135, 417, 10.1093/biolinnean/blab158 Dondale, 1971, Legendre R. Winter diapause in a Mediterranean population of Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck), Bull. Brit. Arachnol. Soc., 2, 6 Dondale, 1977, Life histories and distribution patterns of hunting spiders (Araneida) in an Ontario meadow, J. Arachnol., 4, 73 Dumser, 1980, The regulation of spermatogenesis in insects, Ann. Rev. Entomol., 25, 341, 10.1146/annurev.en.25.010180.002013 Eberhard, 1998, One size fits all? Relationships between the size and degree of variation in genitalia and other body parts in twenty species of insects and spiders, Evol, 52, 415, 10.2307/2411078 Elliott, 1981, Seasonal reproduction, 377 Foelix, R.F., 1996 Biology of spiders. New York: Oxford University Press and Georg Thieme Verlag. Foelix, R., 2011. Biology of spiders. Oxford University Press. Framenau, 1996, Life cycle, habitat selection and home ranges of Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777) (Araneae: Lycosidae) in a braided section of the Upper Isar (Germany, Bavaria), Rev. Suisse Zool., 223 Framenau, 2005, Cohort dependent life-history traits in a wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae) with a bimodal life cycle, J. Zool., 265, 179, 10.1017/S0952836904006181 Friedländer, 1993, Two different patterns of interrupted spermatogenesis in winter diapause and summer quiescence in the desert beetle, Omorgus freyi, J. Morph, 218, 347, 10.1002/jmor.1052180309 Hahn, 2011, Energetics of Insect Diapause, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 56, 103, 10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085436 Harper, 1970, Diapause in the nymphs of Canadian winter stoneflies, Ecol, 51, 925, 10.2307/1933992 Hodek, 1971, Anatomical and histological changes during dormancy in two Coccinellidae, Entomophaga, 16, 239, 10.1007/BF02371174 Kim, 2014, Microstructural analysis on the testicular cyst of the wolf spider by 3 D volume rendering, Entomol. Res., 44, 31, 10.1111/1748-5967.12047 Kim, 1993, Ultrastructure of the testis in the spider, Pardosa astrigera L. Koch. Korean Arachnol., 9, 43 Lees, 1956, The physiology and biochemistry of diapause, Ann. Rev. Entomol, 1, 1, 10.1146/annurev.en.01.010156.000245 Length, 2018, Package ‘lsmeans’, Am. Stat., 34, 216 Marshall, 1994, Clutch size in spiders: is more better?, Funct. Ecol., 8, 118, 10.2307/2390120 Michalik, 2005, The male genital system of the cellar spider Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin 1775) (Pholcidae, Araneae): development of spermatoza and seminal secretion, Front. Zool., 2, 1, 10.1186/1742-9994-2-12 Michalik, 2009, The male genital system of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) with notes on the fine structure of seminal secretions. Contr, Nat. Hist., 12, 959 Michalik, 2013, Spermatozoa and spermiogenesis of the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa (Lycosidae, Araneae) and its functional and phylogenetic implications, Zoomorphology, 132, 11, 10.1007/s00435-012-0166-z Michalik, 2010, Live for the moment-Adaptations in the male genital system of a sexually cannibalistic spider (Theridiidae, Araneae), Tissue Cell, 42, 32, 10.1016/j.tice.2009.06.004 Michalik, 2014, Evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa and seminal fluid of spiders (Araneae, Arachnida). Current knowledge and future directions, Arthropod Struct. Dev., 43, 291, 10.1016/j.asd.2014.05.005 Michalik, 2011, A comparative analysis of the morphology and evolution of permanent sperm depletion in spiders, PLoS One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0016014 Modanu, 2013, Mating system does not predict permanent sperm depletion in black widow spiders, Evol. Dev., 15, 205, 10.1111/ede.12034 Pitnick, 2009, Ejaculate–female and sperm–female interactions, 247 Postiglioni, 2008, Permanencia en la cueva masculina y producción de ootecas en dos arañas lobo de los arenales costeros, Proc. IX Jornadas de Zoología del Uruguay, 145 Preik, 2016, Transition from monogyny to polygyny in Nephila senegalensis (Araneae, Nephilidae) is not accompanied by increased investment in sperm, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 119, 1027, 10.1111/bij.12863 R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; 2019. URL 〈https://www.R-project.org/〉. Reynolds, 1963, The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy, J. Cell Biol., 17, 208, 10.1083/jcb.17.1.208 Richardson, 1960, Embedding in epoxy resins for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy, Stain Technol., 35, 313, 10.3109/10520296009114754 Schaefer, 1976, Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Jahreszyklus und zur Uberwinterung von Spinnen (Araneida), Zool. Jb. Syst., 103, 127 Schaefer, 1987, Life cycles and diapause, 331 Simó, 2017, On the taxonomy of southern South American species of the wolf spider genus Allocosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Allocosinae), Zootaxa, 4216, 261, 10.11646/zootaxa.4216.3.4 Spurr, 1969, A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy, J. Ultrastruct. Res., 26, 31, 10.1016/S0022-5320(69)90033-1 Tanaka, 1987, Daylength and humidity as environmental cues for diapause termination in a tropical beetle, Phys. Entomol., 12, 213, 10.1111/j.1365-3032.1987.tb00744.x Tatar, 2001, Slow aging during insect reproductive diapause: why butterflies, grasshoppers and flies are like worms, Exp. Gerontol., 36, 723, 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00238-2 Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Masaki, S., 1986. Seasonal adaptations of insects. Oxford University Press on Demand. Toombes, 1964, Seasonal changes in the reproductive organs of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in South Carolina, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 57, 422, 10.1093/aesa/57.4.422 Wickham, 2016, Package ‘ggplot2′, Creat. elegant data Vis. Using Gramm. Graph., 2, 1 Wu, 1997, Ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermatogenesis in wolf spider Pardosa astrigera (Araneae, Lycosidae), Acta Zool., 43, 17