Reproductive aspects of the Yellow-bellied Elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster (Tyrannidae), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Tóm tắt
The Yellow-bellied Elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster, is widely distributed throughout Central and South America, yet detailed studies on its reproductive biology were conducted only in Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica, and Guatemala. Here, we present breeding biology information for a population of the Yellow-bellied Elaenia from São Paulo State, southeast Brazil, and we reveal remarkable variations in several reproductive parameters. During five breeding seasons, we analyzed 23 nests that were found from September to December. Both males and females contributed to nest construction, incubation, and nestling provisioning. Eggs were laid on consecutive days and clutch sizes averaged 2.0 ± 0.4 eggs. Incubation and nestling periods lasted 14.7 ± 1.0 and 19.5 ± 1.9 days, respectively. Nest survival probability from laying to fledging was 30%. In the populations from northern South America and Central America, breeding season and incubation periods were longer, nestling period was shorter, eggs in a clutch were laid with a 2-day interval, and only females incubated. Our data add to the findings that reproductive parameters of widely distributed species can vary among regions in the Neotropics, and the divergences were likely caused by latitudinal adaptations.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alvares CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, Gonçalves JLM, Sparovek G (2013) Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorol Z 22:711–728. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Armstrong EA (1954) The behaviour of birds in continuous daylight. Ibis 96:1–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1954.tb04108.x
Böhning-Gaese K, Halbe B, Lemoine N, Oberrath R (2000) Factors influencing the clutch size, number of broods and annual fecundity of North American and European land birds. Evol Ecol Res 2:823–839
Castelino MA, Saibene CA (1989) Nidificación de aves en Misiones. Nuestras Aves 20:7–9
Cooper CB, Hochachka WM, Dhondt AA (2005) Latitudinal trends in within-year reoccupation of nest boxes and their implications. J Avian Biol 36:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03319.x
Cooper CB, Voss MA, Ardia DR, Austin SH, Robinson WD (2011) Light increases the rate of embryonic development: implications for latitudinal trends in incubation period. Funct Ecol 25:769–776. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01847.x
Davanço PV, Oliveira LS, Sousa LMS, Francisco MR (2013) Breeding life-history traits of the Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas) in southeastern Brazil. Ornitol Neotrop 24:401–411
Dhondt AA, Kast TL, Allen PE (2002) Geographical differences in seasonal clutch size variation in multi-brooded bird species. Ibis 144:646–651. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00103.x
Dinsmore SJ, White GC, Knopf FL (2002) Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival. Ecology 83:3476–3488. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3476:ATFMAN]2.0.CO;2
Ffrench R (2012) A guide to the birds of Trinidad & Tobago, 3rd edn. Cornell University Press, New York
Gill F, Donsker D, Rasmussen P (2020) IOC world bird list (v 10.2). https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2
Hoffmann D, Krügel MM (2007) Biologia reprodutiva de Elaenia spectabilis Pelzeln, 1868 (Aves, Tyrannidae) no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Rev Bras Ornitol 15:453–456
Hoffmann D, Gomes HB, Guerra T (2009) Biologia reprodutiva de Elaenia cristata Pelzeln, 1868 (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) em duas áreas de campos rupestres de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rev Bras Ornitol 17:102–106. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2009.41.01
Hosner P, Kirwan GM (2020) Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster). In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, de Juana E (eds) Handbook of the birds of the world alive. Lynx Editions, Barcelona. https://www.hbw.com/node/57142 Accessed 5 March 2020
Jara RF, Crego RD, Arellano FJ, Altamirano TA, Ibarra JT, Rozzi R, Jiménez JE (2019) Breeding strategies of open-cup-nesting birds in sub-Antarctic forests of Navarino Island, Chile. Rev Chil Hist Nat 92:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0082-4
Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The worldwide variation in avian clutch size across species and space. PLoS Biol 6:e303. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303
Lack D (1947) The significance of clutch size. Ibis 89:302–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1947.tb04155.x
Marini MA, Durães R (2001) Annual patterns of molt and reproductive activity of passerines in south-central Brazil. Condor 103:767–775. https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0767:APOMAR]2.0.CO;2
Marini MA, Sousa NOM, Borges FJA, Silveira MB (2009) Biologia reprodutiva de Elaenia cristata (Aves: Tyrannidae) em Cerrado do Brasil central. Neotrop Biol Conserv 4:3–12. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2009.41.01
Marini MA et al (2012) Breeding biology of birds in the Cerrado of central Brazil. Ornitol Neotrop 23:385–405
Martin TE (2000) A new view of avian life-history evolution tested on an incubation paradox. Proc R Soc Lond B 269:309–316. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1879
Martin TE, Geupel GR (1993) Nest-monitoring plots: methods for locating nests and monitoring success. J Field Ornithol 64:507–519
Mattsson BJ, Latta SC, Cooper RJ, Mulvihill RS (2011) Latitudinal variation in reproductive strategies by the migratory Louisiana Waterthrush. Condor 113:412–418. https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090212
Maurício GN, Bencke GA, Repenning M, Machado DB, Dias RA, Bugoni L (2013) Review of the breeding status of birds in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér Zool 103:163–184. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212013000200012
Mayfield H (1961) Nesting success calculated from exposure. Wilson Bull 73:255–261
Medeiros RCS, Marini MA (2007) Biologia reprodutiva de Elaenia chiriquensis (Lawrence) (Aves, Tyrannidae) em Cerrado do Brasil central. Rev Bras Zool 24:12–20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752007000100002
Moreau RE (1947) Relations between number in brood, feeding-rate and nestling period in nine species of birds in Tanganyika territory. J Anim Ecol 16:205–209. https://doi.org/10.2307/1495
Narosky T, Salvador S (1998) Nidificacion de las aves argentinas (Tyrannidae). Asociación Ornitológica del Plata, Buenos Aires
Nice MM (1954) Problems of incubation periods in North American birds. Condor 56:173–197. https://doi.org/10.2307/1365113
Oniki Y, Willis EO (1983) A study of breeding birds of the Belém area, Brazil: VI. Tyrannidae. Cienc Cult 35:1880–1885
Perrella DF, Davanço PV, Oliveira LS, Sousa LMS, Francisco MR (2017) Reproductive aspects of the Purple-throated Euphonia, Euphonia chlorotica (Aves: Fringillidae) in southeastern Brazil, and first record of the species nesting inside a vespiary. Zoologia 34:e19989. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19989
Pinto O (1953) Sobre a coleção Carlos Estevão de peles, ninhos e ovos das aves de Belém (Pará). Pap Avulsos Zool 13:111–122
Ridgely RS, Tudor G (1994) The birds of South America: Vol II. The suboscine passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin
Robinson WD, Styrsky JD, Payne BJ, Harper RG, Thompson CF (2008) Why are incubation periods longer in the tropics? A common garden experiment with house wrens reveals it is all in the egg. Am Nat 171:532–535. https://doi.org/10.1086/528964
Santos GS, Ribeiro IC, Centoducatte LD, Mendes SL (2019) Reprodução da avifauna e o processo de homogeneização em área verde planejada no sudeste da Mata Atlântica, Brasil. Neotrop Biol Conserv 14:83–98. https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.14.e34838
Sanz JJ, Tinbergen JM, Moreno J, Orell M, Verhulst S (2000) Latitudinal variation in parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the Great Tit. Oecologia 122:149–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008842
Scheuerlein A, Gwinner E (2006) Reduced nestling growth of East African Stonechats Saxicola torquata axillaris in the presence of a predator. Ibis 148:468–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00549.x
Sick H (1997) Ornitologia brasileira. Editora Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro
Skutch A (1960) Life histories of Central American Birds. II. Pac Coast Avif 34:1–593
Smith CH (1928) Descripción de una colección de huevos de aves argentinas. Hornero 4:125–152
Tomás G (2015) Hatching date vs laying date: what should we look at to study avian optimal timing of reproduction? J Avian Biol 46:107–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.00499
Voth F, Port J, Greeney HF (2020) Observations on the parental care of the Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster subpagana (Tyrannidae). Rev Ecuador Ornitol 6:55–61
Wiebe KL, Martin K (1995) Ecological and physiological effects on egg laying intervals in Ptarmigan. Condor 97:708–717. https://doi.org/10.2307/1369179
Young BE (1994) Geographic and seasonal patterns of clutch size variation in House Wrens. Auk 111:545–555. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/111.3.545