Reprint of: Nonclinical species sensitivity to convulsions: An IQ DruSafe consortium working group initiative

Akobeng, 2007, Understanding diagnostic tests 2: Likelihood ratios, pre- and post-test probabilities and their use in clinical practice, Acta Paediatrica, 96, 487, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.00179.x Authier, 2019, EEG: Characteristics of drug-induced seizures in rats, dogs and non-human primates, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 97, 52, 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.03.004 Authier, 2016, EEG in non-clinical drug safety assessments: Current and emerging considerations, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 81, 274, 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.03.002 Authier, 2009, Video-electroencephalography in conscious non human primate using radiotelemetry and computerized analysis: Refinement of a safety pharmacology model, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 60, 88, 10.1016/j.vascn.2008.12.003 Authier, 2017, Strategies for EEG interpretation in preclinical studies: Chasing biomarkers of seizure activity, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 85, 89, 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.013 Authier, 2014, Video-electroencephalography in conscious rats, dogs and non human primates using telemetry and computer analysis: The gold standard to assess seizure liability, International Journal of Toxicology, 33, 50 Bassett, 2014, Telemetry video-electroencephalography (EEG) in rats, dogs and non-human primates: Methods in follow-up safety pharmacology seizure liability assessments, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 70, 230, 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.07.005 Berendt, 1999, Epilepsy and seizure classification in 63 dogs: A reappraisal of veterinary epilepsy terminology, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 13, 14, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02159.x Blume, 2001, Glossary of descriptive terminology for Ictal semiology: Report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology, Epilepsia, 42, 1212, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.22001.x Clark, 2018, A big data approach to the concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in animals and humans, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 96, 94, 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.04.018 Delanty, 1998, Medical causes of seizures, Lancet, 352, 383, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02158-8 DeLorenzo, 1999, Comparison of status epilepticus with prolonged seizure episodes lasting from 10 to 29 minutes, Epilepsia, 40, 164, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02070.x Dürmüller, 2007, The use of the dog electroencephalogram (EEG) in safety pharmacology to evaluate proconvulsant risk, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 56, 234, 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.03.006 Easter, 2009, Approaches to seizure risk assessment in preclinical drug discovery, Drug Discovery Today, 14, 876, 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.06.003 Edmonds, 1979, Spontaneous convulsions in beagle dogs, Federation Proceedings, 38, 2424 Elander, 2013, Drug-induced convulsions in nonclinical safety studies: Implication for clinical development, Drug Development Research, 74, 155, 10.1002/ddr.21061 FDA, 2005 Fisher, 2005, Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: Definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Epilepsia, 46, 470, 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x Fonck, 2015, CNS adverse effects: From functional observation battery/Irwin tests to electrophysiology, 83 Gauvin, 2018, “Not everything that shakes is a seizure”: Making the determination of test article–induced convulsions in toxicology studies, International Journal of Toxicology, 10.1177/1091581818796444 Hasiwa, 2011, Workshop report, critical evaluation of the use of dogs in biomedical research and testing in Europe, Altex, 28, 326, 10.14573/altex.2011.4.326 Haut, 2012, Clinical features of the pre-ictal state: Mood changes and premonitory symptoms, Epilepsy & Behavior, 23, 415, 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.02.007 ICH, 2010 Isbister, 2004, Relative toxicity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in overdose, Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology, 42, 277, 10.1081/CLT-120037428 Loscher, 2009, Preclinical assessment of proconvulsant drug activity and its relevance for predicting adverse events in humans, European Journal of Pharmacology, 610, 1, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.025 McGee, 2002, Simplifying likelihood ratios, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17, 646, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10750.x Metea, 2015, Assessment of seizure risk in pre-clinical studies: Strengths and limitations of the electroencephalogram (EEG), Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 75, 135, 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.04.001 Pekcec, 2009, Over-expression of P-glycoprotein in the canine brain following spontaneous status epilepticus, Epilepsy Research, 83, 144, 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.10.010 Redman, 1969, Detection of naturally occurring neurologic disorders of beagle dogs by electroencephalography, American Journal of Veterinary Research, 30, 2075 Scharfman, 2007, The neurobiology of epilepsy, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 7, 348, 10.1007/s11910-007-0053-z So, 1997, Epileptic auras, 376 Summerfield, 2008, Toward an improved prediction of human in vivo brain penetration, Xenobiotica, 38, 1518, 10.1080/00498250802499459 Thundiyil, 2007, Evolving epidemiology of drug-induced seizures reported to a Poison Control Center System, Journal of Medical Toxicology, 3, 15, 10.1007/BF03161033 Volk, 2005, Multidrug resistance in epilepsy: Rats with drug-resistant seizures exhibit enhanced brain expression of P-glycoprotein compared with rats with drug-responsive seizures, Brain, 128, 1358, 10.1093/brain/awh437 Whalley, 2018, Species-specific susceptibility to cannabis-induced convulsions, British Journal of Pharmacology