Reporting unplanned extubation

Anid, 2000, Self extubation: what is the problem?, Chest, 118, 59

Atkins, 1997, Characteristics and outcomes of patients who self-extubate from ventilatory support: a case control study, Chest, 112, 1317, 10.1378/chest.112.5.1317

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Baer, 1998, Is there an answer to preventing unplanned extubations?, Crit Care Med, 26, 989, 10.1097/00003246-199806000-00008

Balon, 2001, Common factors of spontaneous self extubation in a critical care setting, Int J Trauma Nursing, 7, 93, 10.1067/mtn.2001.117769

Barnason, 1998, Comparison of two endotracheal tube securement techniques on unplanned extubation, oral mucosa, and facial skin integrity, Heart Lung, 27, 409, 10.1016/S0147-9563(98)90087-5

Barr, 1996, Do restraints really protect intubated patients?, Am J Nursing, 96, 51

Beckman, 2001, Factors associated with reintubation in intensive care: an analysis of causes and outcomes, Chest, 120, 538, 10.1378/chest.120.2.538

Betbese, 1998, A prospective study of unplanned endotracheal extubation in Intensive Care Unit patients, Crit Care Med, 1180, 10.1097/00003246-199807000-00016

Boulain, 1998, Unplanned extubations in the Adult Intensive Care Unit: a prospective multicenter study, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157, 1131, 10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.9702083

Brandstetter, 1991, Self extubation, Chest, 99, 1319, 10.1378/chest.99.5.1319-b

Carrion, 2000, Accidental removal of endotracheal and nasogastric tubes and intravascular catheters, Crit Care Med, 28, 63, 10.1097/00003246-200001000-00010

Chan, 2001, Practising evidence-based medicine: the design and implementation of a multidisciplinary team-driven extubation protocol, Crit Care, 5, 349, 10.1186/cc1068

Chelsa, 1996, Reconciling technology and family care in Critical Care Nursing, Image J Nursing Schools, 28, 199, 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1996.tb00352.x

Chen, 2002, Factors predicting reintubation after unplanned extubation, J Formosan Med Assoc, 101, 542

Chevron, 1998, Unplanned extubation: risk factors of development and predictive criteria for reintubation, Crit Care Med, 26, 1049, 10.1097/00003246-199806000-00026

Cheng, 1996, Morbidity outcome in early versus conventional tracheal extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomised controlled trial, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 112, 755, 10.1016/S0022-5223(96)70062-4

Chiang, 1996, Effectiveness of a continuous quality improvement program aiming to reduce unplanned extubation: a prospective study, Intensive Care Med, 22, 1269, 10.1007/BF01709348

Christie, 1996, Unplanned extubation in the Intensive Care Unit, J Clin Anaesth, 8, 289, 10.1016/0952-8180(96)00037-2

Coppolo, 1990, Self extubations A 12-month experience, Chest, 98, 165, 10.1378/chest.98.1.165

De Lassence, 2002, Impact of unplanned extubation and reintubation after weaning on nosocomial pneumonia risk in the Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesiology, 97, 148, 10.1097/00000542-200207000-00021

Dubois, 2001, Delirium in an Intensive Care Unit: a study of risk factors, Intensive Care Med, 27, 1297, 10.1007/s001340101017

Ellstrom, 1999, Development of a predictive model of risk for unplanned extubation, Crit Care Med, 27, 27, 10.1097/00003246-199901001-00153

Ellstrom, 1991, Incidence and factors related to unplanned extubations in the MICU, Heart Lung, 20, 23

Ely, 2001, Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the confusion assessment method for the Intensive Care Unit, Crit Care Med, 29, 1370, 10.1097/00003246-200107000-00012

Ely, 1996, Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously, New Engl J Med, 335, 1864, 10.1056/NEJM199612193352502

Epstein, 2002, Decision to extubate, Intensive Care Med, 28, 535, 10.1007/s00134-002-1268-8

Epstein, 2000, Effect of unplanned extubation on outcome of mechanical ventilation, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161, 1912, 10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9908068

Esterban, 1999, Effective spontaneous weaning trial duration on outcome of attempts to discontinue mechanical ventilation, Am J Respir Crit Care, 159, 512, 10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9803106

Fraser, 2001, The frequency and cost of patient initiated device removal in the ICU, Pharmacotherapy, 21, 1, 10.1592/phco.21.1.1.34444

Frezza, 2000, A quality improvement and risk management initiative for surgical ICU patients: a study of the effects of physical restraints and sedation on the incidence of self-extubation, Am J Med Qual, 15, 221, 10.1177/106286060001500507

Goodwin, 1999, Early extubation and early activity after open heart surgery, Criti Care Nurse, 19, 18, 10.4037/ccn1999.19.5.18

Grap, 2002, A description of patients’ report of endotracheal tube, Discomfort Intensive Crit Care Nursing, 18, 244, 10.1016/S0964339702000654

Grap, 1995, Factors related to unplanned extubation of endotracheal tubes, Crit Care Nurse, 15, 57, 10.4037/ccn1995.15.2.57

Happ, 1998, Treatment interference in acutely and critically ill adults, Am J Crit Care, 7, 224, 10.4037/ajcc1998.7.3.224

Happ, 2000, Preventing treatment interference: the nurse's role in maintaining technologic devices, Heart Lung, 29, 60, 10.1016/S0147-9563(00)90039-6

Jacobi, 2002, Clinical practice guidleine for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult, Crit Care Med, 30, 119, 10.1097/00003246-200201000-00020

Jayamanne, 1988, Self extubation: a prospective study, Chest, 94, 3S

Johan, 2000, An audit of unplanned extubations in a medical Intensive Care Unit, Crit Care, 4, 100, 10.1186/cc820

Johnson, 1999, Reducing patient restraint use, Dimensions Crit Care Nursing, 18, 34, 10.1097/00003465-199905000-00006

Kapadia, 2001, Effect of unplanned extubation on outcome of ventilation, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163, 1755, 10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.16372b

Kapadia, 2000, Airway accidents in intubated Intensive Care Unit patients: an epidemiological study, Crit Care Med, 28, 659, 10.1097/00003246-200003000-00010

Koh, 1999, Predictors for reintubation after unplanned endotracheal extubation in multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Crit Care Med, 27, A126, 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00348

Kollef, 1997, A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation, Crit Care Med, 25, 567, 10.1097/00003246-199704000-00004

Lamb, 1989, Incidence of unplanned extubation, Crit Care Med, 17

Leith, 1999, Canadian Critical Care Nurses and physical restraints, Off J Can Assoc Crit Care Nursing, 10, 6

Levy, 1993, A comparative study of oral endotracheal tube securing methods, Chest, 104, 1537, 10.1378/chest.104.5.1537

Listello, 1994, Unplanned extubation: clinical predictors for reintubation, Chest, 105, 1496, 10.1378/chest.105.5.1496

Maccioli, 2003, Clinical practice guidelines for the maintenance of patient physical safety in the Intensive Care Unit: use of restraining therapies—American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2001–2002, Crit Care Med, 31, 2665, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000095463.72353.AD

Maguire, 1994, Unplanned extubation in the Intensive Care Unit: a quality-of-care concern, Crit Care Nursing Quart, November, 40, 10.1097/00002727-199411000-00007

Martin, 2002, Restraint use in Acute and Critical Care Settings: changing practice, AACN Clin Issues, 13, 294, 10.1097/00044067-200205000-00013

Medina, 1993, Reducing unplanned extubation: the benefit of the combined chest and arm restraints with sedation, Abst Chest, 103, 2273S

Mion, 1996, Establishing alternatives to physical restraint in the Acute Care Setting: a conceptual framework to assist nurse decision making, AACN Clin Issues, 7, 592, 10.1097/00044067-199611000-00015

Moons, 2004, Development of a risk assessment tool for deliberate self-extubation in Intensive Care patients, Intensive Care Med, 30, 1348, 10.1007/s00134-004-2228-2

Mort, 1998, Unplanned tracheal extubation outside the operating room: a quality improvement audit of haemodynamic and tracheal airway complications associated with emergency tracheal intubation, Anaesth Analg, 86, 1171, 10.1213/00000539-199806000-00006

Moss, 1991, The ethics of mechanical restraints, Hastings Centre Rep, 21, 22, 10.2307/3563342

NHMRC. When does quality assurance in healthcare require independent review? Commonwealth of Australia Canberra; 2003.

Nurses Board Western Australia. Guidelines for the use of restraint in Western Australia. NBWA, Perth, Australia; 2004.

O’Neil, 1992, A prospective study of unplanned extubation, Chest, 102, 102

Oritz-Pruitt, 1995, Physical restraint of critically ill patients, Crit Care Nursing Clin North Am, 7, 363, 10.1016/S0899-5885(18)30410-6

Panday, 2002, J. Indian Med. Assoc., 100, 14

Phoa, 2002, Unplanned extubation: a local experience, Singapore Med J, 43, 504

Pesiri, 1994, Two year study of the prevention of unintentional extubation, Crit Care Nursing Quart, November, 35, 10.1097/00002727-199411000-00006

Perisi, 1990, Protocol for prevention of unintentional extubation, Crit Care Nursing Quart, 12, 87, 10.1097/00002727-199003000-00014

Powers, 1999, A sedation protocol for preventing patient self extubation, Dimensions Crit Care Nurse, 18, 30, 10.1097/00003465-199903000-00007

Quasha, 1980, Postoperative respiratory care: a controlled trial of early and late extubation following coronary artery bypass grafting, Anaesthesiology, 52, 135, 10.1097/00000542-198002000-00007

Razek, 2000, Assessing the need for reintubation: a prospective evaluation of unplanned endotracheal extubation, J Trauma: Injury, Infection Crit Care, 48, 466, 10.1097/00005373-200003000-00015

Richmond, 2004, Unplanned extubation in adult critical care: quality improvement and education payoff, Crit Care Nurse, 24, 32, 10.4037/ccn2004.24.1.32

Ronan, 1995, Comparison of propofol and midazolam for sedation in Intensive Care Unit patients, Crit Care Med, 23, 286, 10.1097/00003246-199502000-00014

Sanborn, 1996, Detection of intraoperative incidents by electronic scanning of computerized anesthesia records: comparison with voluntary reporting, Anaesthesiology, 85, 977, 10.1097/00000542-199611000-00004

Sessler, 1992, Agitation in a medical Intensive Care Unit: prospective analysis of incidence and risk factors, Chest, 102, 191

Sessler, 1997, Unplanned extubation: making progress using CQI, Intensive Care Med, 23, 143, 10.1007/s001340050308

Sessler, 2001, Multidisciplinary management of sedation and analgesia in critical care, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 22, 211, 10.1055/s-2001-13834

Sessler, 1994, Techniques for preventing and managing unplanned extubations, J Crit Care Illness, 9, 609

Seudal, 1992, Accidental extubation in the ICU abstract, Chest, 102, 184S

Shortell, 1992, Continuously improving patient care: practical lessons and an assessment tool from the national ICU, Study Qual Rev, May, 150

Simini. Unexpected endotracheal extubations. Lancet 1998;352:671.

Smith, 1995, Unplanned extubation, Chest, 107, 887, 10.1378/chest.107.3.887-b

Suliman, 2001, Sedative and analgesic practice in the Intensive Care Unit: the results of a European survey, Br J Anaesth, 87, 186, 10.1093/bja/87.2.186

Sullivan-Marx, 1996, Restraint free care for acutely ill patients in the hospital, AACN Clin Issues, 7, 572, 10.1097/00044067-199611000-00012

Taggart, 1994, Evaluating unplanned endotracheal extubations, Dimensions Crit Care Nursing, 13, 114, 10.1097/00003465-199405000-00001

Tindol, 1994, Unplanned extubations, Chest, 5, 1804, 10.1378/chest.105.6.1804

Tominaga, 1995, Decreasing unplanned extubations in the surgical Intensive Care Unit, Am J Surg, 170, 589, 10.1016/S0002-9610(99)80021-X

Tung, 2001, The relationship of sedation to deliberate self extubation, J Clin Anaesth, 13, 24, 10.1016/S0952-8180(00)00237-3

Vance, 2003, Effect of a treatment interference protocol on clinical decision making for restraint use in the Intensive Care Unit: a pilot study, AACN Clin Issues, 14, 82, 10.1097/00044067-200302000-00010

Vassal, 1993, Prospective evaluation of self extubations in a medical Intensive Care Unit, Intensive Care Med, 19, 340, 10.1007/BF01694708

Whelan, 1994, Unplanned extubation: predictors of successful termination of mechanical ventilatory support, Chest, 105, 1808, 10.1378/chest.105.6.1808

Wilson, 1996, Physical restraint of elderly patients in critical care, Crit Care Nurse Clin North Am, 8, 61, 10.1016/S0899-5885(18)30347-2

Yeh, 2004, Implications of nursing care in the occurrence and consequences of unplanned extubation in adult Intensive Care Units, Int J Nursing Studies, 41, 255, 10.1016/S0020-7489(03)00136-6