Remediation of a soil contaminated with heavy metals by immobilizing compounds

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science - Tập 169 Số 2 - Trang 205-212 - 2006
Adel R. A. Usman1, Yakov Kuzyakov1, Klaus Lorenz1, Karl Stahr1
1Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe labile fraction of heavy metals (HM) in soils is the most important for toxicity for plants and microorganisms. Thus, it is crucial to reduce this fraction in contaminated soils to decrease the negative effect of HM. In a greenhouse experiment, the effects of several additives on the labile fractions of Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb were investigated in a soil contaminated during long‐term sewage‐sludge application. The accumulation of HM was studied in the aboveground biomass of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The additives used were the clay minerals Na‐bentonite, Ca‐bentonite, and zeolite; the Fe oxides hematite and goethite; the phosphate fertilizers superphosphate and Novaphos. Wheat was planted three times during 5 months, allowed to grow for 7 w, and harvested. Dry matter and HM content of shoots were determined after each harvest. Soil samples were taken after the first and third harvest, and the NH4NO3‐extractable HM contents were determined.After the addition of 2% Na‐bentonite as well as 2% Ca‐bentonite, a strong reduction of the labile HM soil fraction and shoot HM concentration was observed. At the end of the experiment, the labile fraction was reduced due to the addition of Na‐bentonite and Ca‐bentonite by 24% and 31% for Zn, by 37% and 36% for Cd, by 41% and 43% for Cu, by 54% and 61% for Ni, and by 48% and 41% for Pb, respectively. Furthermore, the shoot HM concentrations with the exception of Zn were reduced below the phytotoxicity range. Accordingly, the shoot dry‐matter production was significantly increased.The addition of phosphate fertilizers (notably Novaphos) strongly reduced the bioavailability of Pb for wheat plants. By addition of 0.05% Novaphos, the labile fraction and the shoot concentration of Pb were lowered by 39% and 64%, respectively. However, the addition of Fe oxides and zeolite resulted only in a small reduction in HM bioavailability to wheat plants. Among the studied additives, Na‐bentonite and Ca‐bentonite have the most promising potential to reduce the bioavailability for the studied HM.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1021/es00028a006

10.1111/j.1365-2389.1987.tb02280.x

10.2134/jeq2001.3041222x

10.1002/jpln.19861490404

10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00283-X

FAO‐UNESCO(1997): Soil map of the world revised legend with corrections. World resources report 60 FAO Rome. Reprinted as Technical Paper 20 ISRIC (Intern. Soil Reference and Information Center) Wageningen The Netherlands.

10.1097/00010694-199108000-00002

10.1007/BF00009130

Gworek B., 1991, The possibility of purification of industrial sewage sludge off heavy metals with the use of synthetic zeolizes., Polish. J. Soil Sci., 2, 147

Hoffmann G.(1991): Handbuch der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs‐ und Untersuchungsmethodik. Methodenbuch Band 1 Die Untersuchung von Böden. 4th edn. VDLUFA‐Verlag Darmstadt.

10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000030014x

10.1097/00010694-199912000-00002

10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040014x

10.1021/es961011o

Lehmann A. E. H., 2000, Flows and chemical fractions in a soil from sewage sludge., Z. f. Kulturtechnik Landentw., 41, 206

Lewin V. H., 1980, Monitoring heavy metal accumulation in agriculture soils treated with sewage sludge., Effluent Wat. Treatment J., 20, 217

10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00290-4

Lindsay W.(1979): Chemical equilibria in soils. John Wiley & Sons New York.

10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020013x

10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060036x

10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600030028x

10.1021/es00046a007

10.1021/es00056a007

10.1021/es00004a034

10.1097/00010694-198011000-00004

10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400010002x

10.1097/00010694-200008000-00006

10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900030025x

10.1071/SR9800061

10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300010010x

Mench M. Vangroensveld. J. Lepp N. M. Edwards R.(1998): Physico‐chemical aspects and efficiency of trace element immobilization by soil amendments in Vangroensveld J. Cummingham S. D. (eds.): Metal‐contaminated soils. Springer Berlin pp. 151–182.

10.1080/00380768.1997.10414783

Müller I., 1997, Einfluss einer Fe‐(Oxid‐)gabe auf die Cd‐Verfügbarkeit eines kontaminierten Auenbodens., Mittlgn. Dtsch. Bodenkundl. Gesellsch., 85, 311

10.1097/00010694-196809000-00011

10.2134/jeq2002.0813

10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700030020x

10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200020003x

10.1097/00010694-200112000-00003

10.1021/es00053a018

Scheffer F. Schachtschabel P.(2002): Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. 15th edn. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg Berlin.

Schlichting E. Blume H. P. Stahr K.(1995): Bodenkundliches Praktikum. 2nd edn. Blackwell Berlin.

10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400030008x

10.4141/cjss88-032

10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040006x

10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600020009x

10.1180/claymin.1991.026.3.12

10.1016/0016-7061(84)90003-X

10.1097/00010694-198209000-00009

10.1080/02757540410001665971

10.1071/SR9770059

Zarei M. Sommer M. Stahr K.(2001): Neoformed Halloysite in podzols developed on the Bärhalde granite southern Black Forest Germany. A Clay Odyssey. Proc. 12th International Clay Conference Bahia Blanca Argentina pp. 227–234.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Tập 169 Số 2

205-212

Thông tin tác giả