Đánh giá thu nhập tương đối của dự án giảm nghèo về sức khỏe: một nghiên cứu định lượng từ dữ liệu ở các khu vực khác nhau của Trung Quốc

BMC Public Health - Tập 22 - Trang 1-12 - 2022
Xinjie Zhang1, Ying Luo1, Wei Chen2, Jingru Huang3
1Department of Public Administration, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
2Department of Personnel and Social Security, School of Governmentment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
3Administration Office, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

Tóm tắt

Nghèo đói là trở ngại lớn nhất đối với việc thực hiện quyền con người, trong đó bệnh tật là nguyên nhân hàng đầu ở Trung Quốc. Năm 2015, Trung Quốc bắt đầu triển khai dự án giảm nghèo về sức khỏe (HPAP). Đến năm 2020, tất cả các hộ gia đình nông thôn sống dưới mức nghèo hiện tại (2300 nhân dân tệ mỗi người mỗi năm) đã thoát khỏi đói nghèo. Nghiên cứu này giới thiệu khái niệm thu nhập tương đối và xây dựng thang đo dựa trên cách tiếp cận năng lực để đo lường thu nhập tương đối và so sánh tính công bằng của HPAP. Các phát hiện cho thấy giá trị của thu nhập tương đối của HPAP ở các khu vực khảo sát đều đạt mức trung bình (0.4–0.6), với 0 biểu thị mức tồi tệ nhất và 1 biểu thị mức tốt nhất. Cụ thể, giá trị của các hoạt động chức năng của "chăm sóc sức khỏe", "khả năng sức khỏe", "cơ hội đối xử bình đẳng" và "hỗ trợ xã hội" đều trên 0.4, trong khi giá trị của "điều kiện kinh tế" và "giáo dục sức khỏe" thì dưới 0.4. Dự án HPAP đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc giảm bớt gánh nặng kinh tế do bệnh tật đối với bệnh nhân. Tuy nhiên, do thiếu hỗ trợ xã hội và giáo dục sức khỏe, các đối tượng trong HPAP thiếu động lực bên trong để chống lại nghèo đói, và tính công bằng cũng cần được cải thiện.

Từ khóa

#giảm nghèo về sức khỏe #thu nhập tương đối #công bằng xã hội #Trung Quốc

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