Relationship of a Landsat cumulative disturbance index to canopy nitrogen and forest structure

Aber, 1979, A method for estimating foliage-height profiles in broad-leaved forests, The Journal of Ecology, 67, 35, 10.2307/2259335 Aber, 1998, Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: Hypotheses revisited, BioScience, 48, 921, 10.2307/1313296 Asner, 1998, Biophysical and biochemical sources of variability in canopy reflectance, Remote Sensing of Environment, 64, 234, 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00014-5 Beck, 1986, Development of a Southern Appalachian hardwood stand after clearcutting, Southern Journal of Appalachian Forestry, 10, 168, 10.1093/sjaf/10.3.168 Bormann, 1979 Chandler, 2009, Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 893, 10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007 Chapin, 2002 Chapman, 2006, Plants actively control nitrogen cycling: uncorking the microbial bottleneck, New Phytologist, 169, 27, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01571.x Chavez, 1996, Image-based atmospheric corrections — Revisited and improved, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 62, 1025 Cohen, 2010, Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 2. TimeSync — Tools for calibration and validation, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 2911, 10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.010 DeRose, 2011, Combining dendrochronological data and the disturbance index to assess Engelmann spruce mortality caused by a spruce beetle outbreak in southern Utah, USA, Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 2342, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.04.034 Driscoll, 2003, Nitrogen pollution in the northeastern United States: Sources, effects, and management options, BioScience, 53, 357, 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0357:NPITNU]2.0.CO;2 Eshleman, 2009, Validation of a remote sensing based index of forest disturbance using streamwater nitrogen data, Ecological Indicators, 9, 476, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.07.005 Eshleman, 1998, Temporal patterns of nitrogen leakage from mid-Appalachian forested watersheds: Role of insect defoliation, Water Resources Research, 34, 2005, 10.1029/98WR01198 Evans, 1989, Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants, Oecologia, 78, 9, 10.1007/BF00377192 Foster, 2003, The importance of land-use legacies to ecology and conservation, BioScience, 53, 77, 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0077:TIOLUL]2.0.CO;2 Foster, 2004, Linking hyperspectral imagery and forest inventories for forest assessment in the Central Appalachians Galloway, 2008, Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: Recent trends, questions, and potential solutions, Science, 320, 889, 10.1126/science.1136674 Garnier, 2004, Plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during secondary succession, Ecology, 85, 2630, 10.1890/03-0799 Garnier, 2001, A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, Functional Ecology, 15, 688, 10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00563.x Goodale, 2001, The long-term effects of land-use history on nitrogen cycling in northern hardwood forests, Ecological Applications, 11, 253, 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0253:TLTEOL]2.0.CO;2 Goodwin, 2008, Estimation of insect infestation dynamics using a temporal sequence of Landsat data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 12, 3680, 10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.005 Green, 1998, Imaging spectroscopy and the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), Remote Sensing of Environment, 65, 227, 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00064-9 Hais, 2009, Comparison of two types of forest disturbance using multitemporal Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery and field vegetation data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 835, 10.1016/j.rse.2008.12.012 Haynes, 2009, Spatial analysis of harmonic oscillation of gypsy moth outbreak intensity, Oecologia, 159, 249, 10.1007/s00442-008-1207-7 Healey, 2005, Comparison of Tasseled-Cap Landsat data structures for use in forest disturbance detection, Remote Sensing of Environment, 97, 301, 10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.009 Helmer, 2005, Cloud-free satellite image mosaics with regression trees and histogram matching, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 71, 1079, 10.14358/PERS.71.9.1079 Helmer, 2011, Mapping tropical dry forest height, foliage height profiles and disturbance type and age with a time series of cloud-cleared Landsat and ALI image mosaics to characterize avian habitat, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 2457, 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.021 Hobbie, 2006, Tree species effects on decomposition and forest floor dynamics in a common garden, Ecology, 87, 2288, 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2288:TSEODA]2.0.CO;2 Huang, 2010, An automated approach for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using dense Landsat time series stacks, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 183, 10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.017 Huang, 2009, Dynamics of national forests assessed using the Landsat record: Case studies in eastern United States, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 1430, 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016 Jin, 2005, Comparison of time series tasseled cap wetness and the normalized different moisture index in detecting forest disturbance, Remote Sensing of Environment, 94, 364, 10.1016/j.rse.2004.10.012 Johnson, 2006, Geographical variation in the periodicity of gypsy moth outbreaks, Ecography, 29, 367, 10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04448.x Kardol, 2010, Long-term successional forest dynamics: species and community responses to climatic variability, Journal of Vegetation Science, 21, 627 Kennedy, 2007, Trajectory-based change detection for automated characterization of forest disturbance dynamics, Remote Sensing of Environment, 110, 370, 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.010 Kennedy, 2010, Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr — Temporal segmentation algorithms, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 2897, 10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.008 Kokaly, 2001, Investigating a physical basis for spectroscopic estimates of leaf nitrogen concentration, Remote Sensing of Environment, 75, 153, 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00163-2 Landsat Science Team (C.E. Woodcock, R. Allen, M. Anderson, A. Belward, R. Bindschadler, W.B. Cohen, F. Gao, S.N. Goward, D. Helder, E. Helmer, R. Nemani, L. Orepoulos, J. Schott, P. Thenkbail, E. Vermote, J. Vogelmann, M. Wulder, R. Wynne). (2008). Free access to Landsat data, Letter, Science, 320, 1011. Latty, 2004, The effects of land-use history on soil properties and nutrient dynamics in northern hardwood forests of the Adirondack Mountains, Ecosystems, 7, 193, 10.1007/s10021-003-0157-5 LeBauer, 2008, Nitrogen limitation of net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is globally distributed, Ecology, 89, 371, 10.1890/06-2057.1 Li, 2011, Modeling the growth of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat time series observations and ICESat/GLAS lidar data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 1837, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001 Likens, 1970, Effects of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in the Hubbard Brook Watershed-Ecosystem, Ecological Monographs, 40, 23, 10.2307/1942440 Likens, 1978, Recovery of a deforested ecosystem, Science, 199, 492, 10.1126/science.199.4328.492 Lovett, 2004, Nitrogen cycling in a northern hardwood forest: Do species matter?, Biogeochemistry, 67, 289, 10.1023/B:BIOG.0000015786.65466.f5 MacArthur, 1969, Foliage profile by vertical measurements, Ecology, 50, 802, 10.2307/1933693 Malczewski, 1999 Martin, 1997, High spectral resolution remote sensing of forest canopy lignin, nitrogen, and ecosystem processes, Ecological Applications, 7, 431, 10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0431:HSRRSO]2.0.CO;2 Martin, 2008, A generalizable method for remote sensing of canopy nitrogen across a wide range of forest ecosystems, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 3511, 10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.008 Mash, 1996 McNeil, 2007, Maintenance of ecosystem nitrogen limitation by ephemeral forest disturbance: An assessment using MODIS, Hyperion, and Landsat ETM+, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L19406, 10.1029/2007GL031387 McNeil, 2012, Foliar nitrogen responses to the environmental gradient matrix of the Adirondack Park, New York, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 102, 1, 10.1080/00045608.2011.595654 McNeil, 2008, The spatial pattern of nitrogen cycling in the Adirondack Park, New York, Ecological Applications, 18, 438, 10.1890/07-0276.1 Ollinger, 2009, Canopy nitrogen, carbon assimilation, and albedo in temperate and boreal forests: functional relations and potential climate feedbacks, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 19335 Ollinger, 2005, Net primary production and canopy nitrogen in a temperate forest landscape: An analysis using imaging spectroscopy, modeling, and field data, Ecosystems, 8, 760, 10.1007/s10021-005-0079-5 Pan, 2011, Age structure and disturbance legacy of North American forests, Biogeosciences, 8, 715, 10.5194/bg-8-715-2011 Pan, 2004, Importance of foliar nitrogen concentration to predict forest productivity in the Mid-Atlantic region, Forest Science, 50, 279 Peterson, 2007, Consistent influence of tree diameter and species on damage in nine eastern North America tornado blowdowns, Forest Ecology and Management, 250, 96, 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.013 Roy, 2010, Web-enabled Landsat Data (WELD): Landsat ETM plus composited mosaics of the conterminous United States, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 35, 10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.011 Sader, 2008, Inclusion of forest harvest legacies, forest type, and regeneration spatial patterns in updated forest maps: A comparison of mapping results, Forest Ecology and Management, 255, 3846, 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.047 Schaefer, 1991, Ten year resource management plan: Savage River State Forest: Draft document Smith, 2001, A plot-based method for rapid estimation of forest canopy chemistry, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31, 549, 10.1139/x00-187 Smith, 2003, Analysis of hyperspectral data for estimation of temperate forest canopy nitrogen concentration: Comparison between an airborne (AVIRIS) and a spaceborne (Hyperion) sensor, EEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing, 41, 1332, 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813128 Smith, 2002, Direct estimation of aboveground forest productivity through hyperspectral remote sensing of canopy nitrogen, Ecological Applications, 12, 1286, 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1286:DEOAFP]2.0.CO;2 Thomas, 2011, Validation of North American forest disturbance dynamics derived from Landsat time series stacks, Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 19, 10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.009 Townsend, 2004, Remote sensing of Gypsy moth defoliation to assess variations in stream nitrogen concentration, Ecological Applications, 14, 504, 10.1890/02-5356 Townsend, 2003, Application of imaging spectroscopy to mapping canopy nitrogen in the forests of the central Appalachian Mountains using Hyperion and AVIRIS, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41, 1347, 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813205 Vaieretti, 2007, Two measurement methods of leaf dry matter content produce similar results in a broad range of species, Annals of Botany, 99, 955, 10.1093/aob/mcm022 Vitousek, 1979, Nitrate losses from disturbed ecosystems, Science, 204, 469, 10.1126/science.204.4392.469 Vitousek, 1991, Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: How can it occur?, Biogeochemistry, 13, 87, 10.1007/BF00002772 Vitousek, 1975, Ecosystem succession and nutrient retention: A hypothesis, BioScience, 25, 376, 10.2307/1297148 Vogelmann, 2009, Monitoring forest changes in the southwestern United States using multitemporal Landsat data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 1739, 10.1016/j.rse.2009.04.014 Wessman, 1988, Remote sensing of canopy chemistry and nitrogen cycling in temperate forest ecosystems, Nature, 335, 154, 10.1038/335154a0 Wright, 2004, The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, 428, 821, 10.1038/nature02403