Relationship between changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids and aging-related arterial stiffness in overweight subjects 50 years or older over a 3-year period

McEniery, 2005, Normal vascular aging: differential effects on wave reflection and aortic pulse wave velocity: the Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial (ACCT), J Am Coll Cardiol, 46, 1753, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.07.037 Cunha, 2015, Pulse wave velocity distribution in a cohort study: from arterial stiffness to early vascular aging, J Hypertens, 33, 1438, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000565 Nordstrand, 2011, The relationship between various measures of obesity and arterial stiffness in morbidly obese patients, BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 11, 7, 10.1186/1471-2261-11-7 Wildman, 2005, Weight change is associated with change in arterial stiffness among healthy young adults, Hypertension, 45, 187, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000152200.10578.5d 2014 Ander, 2003, Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on cardiovascular disease, Exp Clin Cardiol, 8, 164 Chowdhury, 2014, Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ann Intern Med, 160, 398, 10.7326/M13-1788 Larsson, 2012, Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis, Eur J Epidemiol, 27, 895, 10.1007/s10654-012-9748-9 Mozaffarian, 2011, Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events, J Am Coll Cardiol, 58, 2047, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.063 Chowdhury, 2012, Association between fish consumption, long chain omega 3 fatty acids, and risk of cerebrovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, 345, e6698, 10.1136/bmj.e6698 de Oliveira Otto, 2013, Mozaffarian D: Circulating and dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and incidence of CVD in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, J Am Heart Assoc, 2, e000506, 10.1161/JAHA.113.000506 Anderson, 2006, Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk, Can J Cardiol, 22, 72B, 10.1016/S0828-282X(06)70990-4 Kim, 2013, Association of fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids with metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 23, 366, 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.06.006 Anderson, 2009, Plasma fatty acid composition as a predictor of arterial stiffness and mortality, Hypertension, 53, 839, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.123885 Siasos, 2013, Effects of Ω-3 fatty acids on endothelial function, arterial wall properties, inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in smokers: a cross over study, Int J Cardiol, 166, 340, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.081 Engler, 2003, Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on vascular pathology and reactivity in hypertension, Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 228, 299, 10.1177/153537020322800309 Tomiyama, 2005, Do eicosapentaenoic acid supplements attenuate age-related increases in arterial stiffness in patients with dyslipidemia?: A preliminary study, Hypertens Res, 28, 651, 10.1291/hypres.28.651 Tomiyama, 2011, Relationships among the serum omega fatty acid levels, serum C-reactive protein levels and arterial stiffness/wave reflection in Japanese men, Atherosclerosis, 217, 433, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.004 Reinders, 2015, Higher plasma phospholipid n–3 PUFAs, but lower n–6 PUFAs, are associated with lower pulse wave velocity among older adults, J Nutr, 145, 2317, 10.3945/jn.115.212282 Hung, 2009, Using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity to associate arterial stiffness with cardiovascular risks, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 19, 241, 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.07.006 Tomiyama, 2006, The effects of changes in the metabolic syndrome detection status on arterial stiffening: a prospective study, Hypertens Res, 29, 673, 10.1291/hypres.29.673 Yeo, 2011, Association of serum lycopene and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity with metabolic syndrome, Metabolism, 60, 537, 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.05.003 Kim, 2016, Effects of α-linolenic acid supplementation in perilla oil on collagen-epinephrine closure time, activated partial thromboplastin time and Lp-PLA2 activity in non-diabetic and hypercholesterolaemic subjects, J Funct Foods, 23, 95, 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.026 2004 Piers, 1998, Is there evidence for an age-related reduction in metabolic rate?, J Appl Physiol (1985), 85, 2196, 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2196 Ito, 2014, An increase in the EPA/AA ratio is associated with improved arterial stiffness in obese patients with dyslipidemia, J Atheroscler Thromb, 21, 248, 10.5551/jat.19976 Satoh, 2007, Purified eicosapentaenoic acid reduces small dense LDL, remnant lipoprotein particles, and C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome, Diabetes Care, 30, 144, 10.2337/dc06-1179 Satoh, 2009, Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cardio-ankle vascular index in association with decreased serum amyloid A-LDL in metabolic syndrome, Hypertens Res, 32, 1004, 10.1038/hr.2009.145 Yamakawa, 2012, Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation changes fatty acid composition and corrects endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemic patients, Res Pract, 2012, 754181 Benetos, 2002, Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and renal disease on arterial stiffness: clinical applications, Am J Hypertens, 15, 1101, 10.1016/S0895-7061(02)03029-7 Hino, 2004, Very long chain N-3 fatty acids intake and carotid atherosclerosis: An epidemiological study evaluated by ultrasonography, Atherosclerosis, 176, 145, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.04.020 Lindqvist, 2009, Plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA in relation to atherosclerosis in 61-year-old men, Atherosclerosis, 205, 574, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.032 Itakura, 2011, Relationships between plasma fatty acid composition and coronary artery disease, J Atheroscler Thromb, 18, 99, 10.5551/jat.5876 Fukuoka, 2014, Effects of a fish-based diet and administration of pure eicosapentaenoic acid on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in patients with cardiovascular risk factors, J Cardiol, 63, 211, 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.08.005 Martinelli, 2008, FADS genotypes and desaturase activity estimated by the ratio of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid are associated with inflammation and coronary artery disease, Am J Clin Nutr, 88, 941, 10.1093/ajcn/88.4.941 Horiguchi, 2016, Associations between a fatty acid desaturase gene polymorphism and blood arachidonic acid compositions in Japanese elderly, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 105, 9, 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.11.005 Kris-Etherton, 2002, American Heart Association. Nutrition Committee: Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease, Circulation, 106, 2747, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94 Connor, 2000, Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease, Am J Clin Nutr, 71, 171S, 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.171S Ferrucci, 2006, Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating inflammatory markers, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 439, 10.1210/jc.2005-1303 Uauy, 1999, Essential fatty acids as determinants of lipid requirements in infants, children and adults, Eur J Clin Nutr, 53, S66, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600745 Bayon, 1995, Effect of specific phospholipid molecular species incorporated in human platelet membranes on thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptors, J Lipid Res, 36, 47, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)39753-4 Marx, 1999, PPARalpha activators inhibit cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells, Circulation, 99, 3125, 10.1161/01.CIR.99.24.3125 Staels, 1998, Activation of human aortic smooth-muscle cells is inhibited by PPARalpha but not by PPARgamma activators, Nature, 393, 790, 10.1038/31701 Leopold, 2013, Cellular and molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness associated with obesity, Hypertension, 62, 1003, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01872 Weisbrod, 2013, Arterial stiffening precedes systolic hypertension in diet-induced obesity, Hypertension, 62, 1105, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01744 Luft, 2012, Molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness: new insights, J Am Soc Hypertens, 6, 436, 10.1016/j.jash.2012.10.004 Arcaro, 2002, Insulin causes endothelial dysfunction in humans: sites and mechanisms, Circulation, 105, 576, 10.1161/hc0502.103333 Subar, 2003, Using intake biomarkers to evaluate the extent of dietary misreporting in a large sample of adults: the OPEN study, Am J Epidemiol, 158, 1, 10.1093/aje/kwg092 Kipnis, 2003, Structure of dietary measurement error: results of the OPEN biomarker study, Am J Epidemiol, 158, 14, 10.1093/aje/kwg091