Tăng cường vai trò của chuyển đổi năng lượng sạch để đạt được nền kinh tế carbon thấp: bằng chứng từ Bangladesh

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 28 - Trang 67689-67710 - 2021
Muntasir Murshed1, Zahoor Ahmed2, Md Shabbir Alam3, Haider Mahmood4, Abdul Rehman5, Vishal Dagar6
1School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
2School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
3Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Kingdom of Bahrain
4Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
5College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
6Amity School of Economics, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

Tóm tắt

Đạt được tính trạng trung hòa carbon đã trở thành chương trình toàn cầu sau khi hiệp định Paris được phê duyệt. Đối với các nước đang phát triển, đặc biệt là đạt được nền kinh tế carbon thấp là vô cùng quan trọng vì những nền kinh tế này chủ yếu phụ thuộc vào nhiên liệu hóa thạch, và Bangladesh cũng không phải là ngoại lệ. Do đó, nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá các tác động môi trường liên quan đến tiêu thụ năng lượng và các biến số vĩ mô quan trọng khác trong bối cảnh Bangladesh trong giai đoạn 1975–2016. Trái ngược với thực tiễn thông thường khi sử dụng khí thải carbon dioxide để đại diện cho chất lượng môi trường, nghiên cứu này đã có cố gắng novel để sử dụng dấu chân carbon nhằm đo lường phúc lợi môi trường ở Bangladesh. Các kết quả từ nghiên cứu này dự kiến sẽ hỗ trợ mục tiêu trung hòa carbon của Bangladesh và do đó giúp quốc gia này tuân thủ các cam kết của mình liên quan đến việc đạt được các mục tiêu được liệt kê trong hiệp định Paris và các tuyên bố về Mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững của Liên hợp quốc. Phân tích kinh tế lượng bao gồm việc áp dụng các phương pháp phù hợp để xử lý vấn đề khối đổ dữ liệu. Những phát hiện tổng thể từ các bài thực nghiệm thực tiễn cho thấy rằng tổng tiêu thụ năng lượng, tiêu thụ nhiên liệu hóa thạch và tiêu thụ khí thiên nhiên làm gia tăng con số dấu chân carbon của Bangladesh. Ngược lại, tiêu thụ năng lượng không phải nhiên liệu hóa thạch và tiêu thụ thủy điện lại có tác dụng làm giảm mức dấu chân carbon. Bên cạnh đó, tăng trưởng kinh tế và thương mại quốc tế cũng được chứng minh là làm gia tăng dấu chân carbon. Do đó, những phát hiện này gợi ý rằng một sự chuyển đổi năng lượng sạch trong nền kinh tế Bangladesh có thể là phương thuốc cho những khó khăn môi trường liên tục gia tăng của quốc gia này. Hơn nữa, phân tích nguyên nhân đã xác nhận sự tồn tại của các nguyên nhân đơn chiều từ tổng tiêu thụ năng lượng, tiêu thụ nhiên liệu hóa thạch, tiêu thụ khí thiên nhiên, tiêu thụ thủy điện, tăng trưởng kinh tế và thương mại quốc tế đến dấu chân carbon. Mặt khác, tiêu thụ năng lượng không phải nhiên liệu hóa thạch được phát hiện có mối quan hệ hai chiều với dấu chân carbon. Dựa trên những phát hiện trên, một số gợi ý chính sách quan trọng được đưa ra nhằm thúc đẩy chương trình trung hòa carbon tại Bangladesh.

Từ khóa


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