Regulatory role of phenols in flower development and senescence in the genus Iris
Tóm tắt
The mechanism of flower development and senescence involves a lot of biochemical and molecular changes. These changes are governed by various external (temperature, light and humidity) and internal factors, viz., protein turnover, protease activity, antioxidant activity, phenols and plant growth regulators. The role of proteins, growth regulators, changes in various antioxidant enzymes and protease activity has been studied to a great extent; however the contribution of phenols in flower development and senescence is still elusive. Generally, flower senescence is thought to be associated with a decrease in the total phenolic content, but the present study on various species of the genus Iris revealed that total phenolic content showed diverging trends, varying from species to species within the same genus. The total phenolic content has been shown to decrease during senescence in Iris versicolor and Iris japonica, but an increase in total phenolic content was registered in Iris germanica, Iris kashmiriana and Iris ensata. Fresh mass, dry mass and water content was shown to increase towards flower anthesis (stages I–IV) and a significant decrease was observed at V and VI stages of flower senescence in all the species of Iris under study. The ascorbate peroxidase activity during the various stages of flower development and senescence indicated that phenols have a more contributory role than just being free radical scavengers in regulating flower senescence of various species of the genus Iris.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ahmad, S. S., & Tahir, I. (2015). Storage protocol for improving the postharvest performance in cut scapes of Iris versicolor. Acta Horticulturae, 1060, 71–79.
Ahmad, S. S., Tahir, I., & Shahri, W. (2013). Effect of different storage treatments on physiology and postharvest performance in cut scapes of three Iris species. JAST, 15, 323–331.
Chen, G. X., & Asada, K. (1989). Ascorbate peroxidase in tea leaves: Occurrence of two isozymes and the differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. Plant Cell Physiology, 30, 987–998.
Cvikrova, M., Sukhova, L. S., Eder, J., & Korableva, N. P. (1994). Possible involvement of abscisic acid, ethylene and phenolic acids in potato tuber dormancy. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 32, 685–691.
Dar, R. A., Tahir, I., & Ahmad, S. S. (2014a). Sugars and sugar alcohols have their say in the regulation of flower senescence in Dianthus chinensis L. Scientia Horticulturae, 174, 24–28.
Dar, R. A., Tahir, I., & Ahmad, S. S. (2014b). Physiological and biochemical changes associated with flower development and senescence in Dianthus chinensis L. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19, 215–221.
Gul, F., & Tahir, I. (2009). Effect of cool and wet storage on postharvest performance of Nerine sarniensis cv. Red scapes. Acta Horticulturae, 847, 345–351.
Gul, F., Tahir, I., & Rasool, I. U. (2011). Senescence and postharvest performance of cut Nerine sarniensis flowers: Effect of cycloheximide. International Journal of Botany, 8(1), 22–30.
Lattanzio, M., Lattanzio, V. M. T., & Cardinali, A. (2006). Role of phenolics in the resistance mechanisms of plants against fungal pathogens and insects. Phytochemistry: Advances in Research, 661, 23–67.
Mittler, R., Vanderauwera, S., Gollery, M., & Breusegem, F. (2004). Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends in Plant Science, 9, 490–498.
Morina, F., Jovanovic, L., Kukavica, B., & Jovanovic, V. (2008). Peroxidase, phenolics, and antioxidative capacity of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) grown in a zinc excess. Archives in Biological Science Belgrade, 60(4), 687–695.
Mwangi, M., Chatterjee, S. R., & Bhattacharjee, S. K. (2003). Changes in the biochemical constituents of “Golden gate” cut rose petals as affected by precooling with ice cold water spray, pulsing and packaging. Journal of Plant Biology, 30, 95–97.
Nisar, S., Tahir, I., & Ahmad, S. S. (2015). Modulation of flower senescence in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L. by polyamines. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20(2), 186–190.
Panavas, T., & Rubinstein, B. (1998). Oxidative events during programmed cell death of daylily (Hemerocallis hybrid) petals. Plant Science, 133, 125–138.
Prakash, O., Nagar, P. K., & Ahuja, P. S. (2001). Effect of auxins and phenolic acids on rooting of four and eight cuttings of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O Kuntze). Journal of Plantation Crops, 29, 56–60.
Schmitzer, V., Veberic, R., Osterc, G., & Stampar, F. (2010). Color and phenolic content changes during flower development in groundcover rose. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences, 135(3), 195–202.
Shahri, W., Tahir, I., Islam, S. T., & Bhat, M. A. (2011). Physiological and biochemical changes associated with flower development and senescence in so far unexplored Helleborus orientalis Lam. cv. Olympicus. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 17(1), 33–39.
Swain, T., & Hillis, W. E. (1959). The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica L. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 10, 63–68.
Zhou, Y., Wang, C., Hong, G. E., Hoeberichts, F. A., & Visser, P. B. (2005). Programmed cell death in relation to petal senescence in ornamental plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47, 641–650.