Sự điều tiết tín hiệu của Thụ thể nhận dạng mẫu bởi HBX trong nhiễm virus viêm gan B

Hongjuan You1, Suping Qin1, Fulong Zhang2, Wei Hu3, Xiaocui Li1, Dongsheng Liu3, Fanyun Kong1, Xiucheng Pan4, Kuiyang Zheng1,5, Renxian Tang1,5
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, China
2Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China
3Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
4Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
5National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, China

Tóm tắt

Virus viêm gan B (HBV) là một loại virus DNA nhỏ, đóng vai trò rất quan trọng trong sự phát triển của nhiều bệnh lý về gan, bao gồm viêm gan, xơ gan và ung thư gan. Trong số các phân tử được virus này mã hóa, protein X của HBV (HBX) là một chất xúc tác virus, đóng một vai trò thiết yếu trong việc tái bản HBV và các bệnh liên quan đến virus. Các bằng chứng tích lũy cho đến nay cho thấy các thụ thể nhận dạng mẫu (PRRs) nằm ở tuyến đầu của các phản ứng phòng vệ của chủ thể nhằm hạn chế virus bằng cách kích hoạt sự biểu hiện của interferon và các yếu tố viêm khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, tùy thuộc vào HBX, virus có thể kiểm soát tín hiệu của PRR bằng cách điều chỉnh sự biểu hiện và hoạt động của các phân tử thiết yếu liên quan đến các con đường tín hiệu của thụ thể giống như toll (TLR), gen I cảm ứng axit retinoic (RIG-I), và thụ thể giống như NOD (NLR), không chỉ để tạo điều kiện cho việc tái bản HBV mà còn thúc đẩy sự phát triển của các bệnh do virus. Trong bài đánh giá này, chúng tôi cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quát về các cơ chế liên quan đến việc điều tiết tín hiệu PRR do HBX điều khiển để ức chế miễn dịch bẩm sinh, điều chỉnh sự sinh sôi của virus, viêm do virus gây ra và sự hình thành ung thư gan. Với tầm quan trọng của PRRs trong việc kiểm soát sự tái bản của HBV, chúng tôi đề xuất rằng việc hiểu biết toàn diện về sự điều chế các yếu tố tế bào liên quan đến tín hiệu PRR do protein virus gây ra có thể mở ra những hướng đi mới cho việc điều trị nhiễm HBV.

Từ khóa


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