Regional specification within the mesoderm of early embryos ofXenopus laevis

Development (Cambridge) - Tập 100 Số 2 - Trang 279-295 - 1987
L. Dale1, Jonathan Slack1
1University of Oxford Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Developmental Biology Unit , , Zoology Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, 0X1 3PS, UK

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACTWe have further analysed the roles of mesoderm induction and dorsalization in the formation of a regionally specified mesoderm in early embryos of Xenopus laevis. First, we have examined the regional specificity of mesoderm induction by isolating single blastomeres from the vegetalmost tier of the 32-cell embryo and combining each with a lineage-labelled (FDA) animal blastomere tier. Whereas dorsovegetal (DI) blastomeres induce ‘dorsal-type’ mesoderm (notochord and muscle), laterovegetal and ventro-vegetal blastomeres (D2–4) induce either ‘intermediate-type’ (muscle, mesothelium, mesenchyme and blood) or ‘ventral-type’ (mesothelium, mesenchyme and blood) mesoderm. No significant difference in inductive specificity between blastomeres D2, 3 and 4 could be detected. We also show that laterovegetal and ventrovegetal blastomeres from early cleavage stages can have a dorsal inductive potency partially activated by operative procedures, resulting in the induction of intermediate-type mesoderm.Second, we have determined the state of specification of ventral blastomeres by isolating. and culturing them in vitro between the 4-cell stage and the early gastrula stage. The majority of isolates from the ventral half of the embryo gave extreme ventral types of differentiation at all stages tested. Although a minority of cases formed intermediate-type and dorsal-type mesoderms we believe these to result from either errors in our assessment of the prospective DV axis or from an enhancement, provoked by microsurgery, of some dorsal inductive specificity. The results of induction and isolation experiments suggest that only two states of specification exist in the mesoderm of the pregastrula embryo, a dorsal type and a ventral type.Finally we have made a comprehensive series of combinations between different regions of the marginal zone using FDA to distinguish the components. We show that, in combination with dorsal-type mesoderm, ventral-type mesoderm becomes dorsalized to the level of intermediate-type mesoderm. Dorsal-type mesoderm is not ventralized in these combinations. Dorsalizing activity is confined to a restricted sector of the dorsal marginal zone, it is wider than the prospective notochord and seems to be graded from a high point at the dorsal midline.The results of these experiments strengthen the case for the three-signal model proposed previously, i.e. dorsal and ventral mesoderm inductions followed by dorsalization, as the simplest explanation capable of accounting for regional specification within the mesoderm of early Xenopus embryos.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bautzmann, 1926, Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Abgrenzung des Organisationszentrums bei Triton taeniatus, mit einem Anhang: Über Induktion durch Blastulamaterial, Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org, 108, 283, 10.1007/BF02080839

Boterenbrood, 1973, The formation of the mesoderm in urodelean amphibians. V. Its regional induction by the endoderm, Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org, 173, 319, 10.1007/BF00575837

Cooke, 1985, Early specification for body pattern in mes/endodermal regions of an amphibian embryo, Cell Diff, 17, 1, 10.1016/0045-6039(85)90532-9

Cooke, 1985, The system specifying body position in early development of Xenopus, and its response to early perturbations, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 89, 69

Cooke, 1985, Dynamics of the control of body pattern in the development of Xenopus laevis. I. Timing and pattern in the development of dorsoanterior and posterior blastomeres, isolated at the 4-cell stage, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 88, 85

Dale, 1987, Fate map of the 32-cell stage of Xenopus laevis, Development, 99, 527, 10.1242/dev.99.4.527

Dale, 1985, Mesoderm induction in Xenopus laevis: a quantitative study using a cell lineage label and tissue-specific antibodies, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 89, 289

Flickenger, 1980, The effect of heparin upon differentiation of ventral halves of frog gastrulae, Wilhelm Roux’ Arch, devl Biol, 188, 9, 10.1007/BF00848604

Gerhart, 1980, Mechanisms regulating pattern formation in the amphibian egg and early embryo. In Biological Regulation and Development, Molecular Organization and Cell Function, 133, 10.1007/978-1-4684-9933-9_4

Gerhart, 1984, Localization and induction in early development of Xenopus, Phil. Trans R. Soc. Lond. B, 307, 319, 10.1098/rstb.1984.0134

Gimlich, 1986, Acquisition of developmental autonomy in the equatorial region of the Xenopus embryo, Devi Biol, 115, 340, 10.1016/0012-1606(86)90254-X

Gimlich, 1985, Improved fluorescent compounds for tracing cell lineage, Devi Biol, 109, 509, 10.1016/0012-1606(85)90476-2

Gimlich, 1984, Early cellular interactions promote embryonic axis formation in Xenopus laevis, Devi Biol, 104, 117, 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90042-3

Gurdon, 1985, All components required for the eventual activation of muscle-specific actin genes are localized in the subequatorial region of an uncleaved amphibian egg, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 82, 139, 10.1073/pnas.82.1.139

Gurdon, 1985, The activation of muscle specific actin genes in Xenopus development by an induction between animal and vegetal cells of a blastula, Cell, 41, 913, 10.1016/S0092-8674(85)80072-6

Kageura, 1983, Pattern regulation in isolated halves and blastomeres of early Xenopus laevis, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 74, 221

Kageura, 1984, Pattern regulation in defect embryos of Xenopus laevis, Devi Biol, 101, 410, 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90155-6

Keller, 1976, Vital dye mapping of the gastrula and neurula of Xenopus laevis. II. Prospective areas and morphogenetic movements in the deep region, Devi Biol, 51, 118, 10.1016/0012-1606(76)90127-5

Kirschner, 1980, A new method for local vital staining of amphibian embryos using Ficoll and crystals of Nile Red, Mikroskopie, 36, 12

Malacinski, 1977, Destruction of components of the neural induction system of the amphibian egg with ultraviolet irradiation, Devi Biol, 56, 24, 10.1016/0012-1606(77)90152-X

Maufroid, 1985, A demonstration of cellular interactions during the formation of mesoderm and primordial germ cells in Pleurodeles waltlii, Differentiation, 29, 20, 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1985.tb00287.x

Nakamura, 1978, Epigenetic formation of the organizer, In Organizer. A Milestone of a Half Century from Spemann, 179

Nakamura, 1970, Formation of the organizer from combinations of presumptive ectoderm and endoderm. I, Proc. Japan Acad, 47, 313, 10.2183/pjab1945.47.313

Nieuwkoop, 1969, The formation of mesoderm in urodelean amphibians. I. Induction by the endoderm, Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org, 162, 341, 10.1007/BF00578701

Nieuwkoop, 1985, Inductive interactions in early amphibian development and their general nature, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 89, 333

Nieuwkoop, 1967, Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin)

Nieuwkoop, 1972, The formation of mesoderm in urodelean amphibians. IV. Quantitative evidence for the purely “ectodermal” origin of the entire mesoderm and pharyngeal endoderm, Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org, 169, 185, 10.1007/BF00582552

Render, 1986, Axis determination in polyspermie Xenopus laevis eggs, Devi Biol, 115, 425, 10.1016/0012-1606(86)90262-9

Scharf, 1980, Determination of the dorso-ventral axis in eggs of Xenopus laevis: Complete rescue of UV-impaired eggs by oblique orientation before first cleavage, Devi Biol, 79, 181, 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90082-2

Slack, 1983, From Egg To Embryo: Determinative Events in Early Development

Slack, 1984, Analysis of embryonic induction using cell lineage markers, Phil. Trans Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 307, 331, 10.1098/rstb.1984.0135

Slack, 1987, Mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos by heparin-binding growth factors, Nature, Lond, 326, 197, 10.1038/326197a0

Slack, 1980, An interaction between dorsal and ventral regions of the marginal zone in early amphibian embryos, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 56, 283

Smith, 1987, A mesoderm inducing factor is produced by a Xenopus cell line, Development, 99, 3, 10.1242/dev.99.1.3

Smith, 1985, Cell lineage labels and region-specific markers in the analysis of inductive interactions, J. Embryo!, exp. Morph, 89, 317

Smith, 1983, Dorsalization and neural induction: properties of the organizer in Xenopus laevis, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 78, 299

Smith, 1978, Attenuation of positional signalling in the chick limb by high doses of y-irradiation, Nature, Lond, 272, 612, 10.1038/272612a0

Spemann, 1938, Embryonic Development and Induction, 10.1097/00000441-193811000-00047

Spemann, 1924, Über Induktion von Embryonanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren, Arch. mikr. Anat. EntwMech, 100, 599

Sudarwati, 1971, Mesoderm formation in the anuran Xenopus laevis (Daudin), Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org, 166, 189, 10.1007/BF00650029

Tickle, 1981, The number of polarizing region cells required to specify additional digits in the developing chick wing, Nature, Lond, 289, 295, 10.1038/289295a0

Weyer, 1978, A diffusion model for mesoderm induction in amphibian embryos, Acta Biotheor, 26, 164, 10.1007/BF00048425

Youn, 1981, Axial structure development in ultrviolet-irradiated (notochord defective) amphibian embryos, Devi Biol, 83, 339, 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90479-6

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Development (Cambridge)

Tập 100 Số 2

279-295

Thông tin tác giả