Regional Analgesia and Acute Compartment Syndrome
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Katz J, Seltzer Z. Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain: risk factors and protective factors. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(5):723–44. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.09.20.
Uzel AP, Steinmann G. Thigh compartment syndrome after intramedullary femoral nailing: possible femoral nerve block influence on diagnosis timing. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2009;95(4):309–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2009.03.014.
Walker BJ, Noonan KJ, Bosenberg AT. Evolving compartment syndrome not masked by a continuous peripheral nerve block: evidence-based case management. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012;37(4):393–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0b013e31824df1ac.
Nin OC, Patrick MR, Boezaart AP. The controversy of regional anesthesia, continuous peripheral nerve blocks, analgesia, and acute compartment syndrome. Tech Orthop. 2017;32. https://doi.org/10.1097/BTO.0000000000000260
Volkman R. Die ischämischen Muskellähmungen und Kontracturen. Centralblatt Chir. 1881;8:801–3.
Gadsden J, Warlick A. Regional anesthesia for the trauma patient: improving patient outcomes. Local Reg Anesth. 2015;8:45–55. https://doi.org/10.2147/LRA.S55322.
Klucka J, Stourac P, Stouracova A, Masek M, Repko M. Compartment syndrome and regional anaesthesia: critical review. Biomed Pap. 2017;161(3):242–51. https://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2017.025.
Janzing HMJ. Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of the acute compartment syndrome of the extremity. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2007;33(6):576–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-007-7151-0.
Olson SA, Glasgow RR. Acute compartment syndrome in lower extremity musculoskeletal trauma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005;13(7). https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200511000-00003
•• Nathanson MH, Harrop-Griffiths W, Aldington DJ, et al. Regional analgesia for lower leg trauma and the risk of acute compartment syndrome: guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(11):1518-1525. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15504. This is the first set of multi-professional international consensus guidelines on the use of RA for lower leg trauma with a focus on the risk of ACS.
Morin RJ, Swan KG, Tan V. Acute forearm compartment syndrome secondary to local arterial injury after penetrating trauma. J Trauma - Injury, Infect Crit Care. 2009;66(4):989–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31818c10e3.
Aguirre JA, Gresch D, Popovici A, Bernhard J, Borgeat A. Case scenario: compartment syndrome of the forearm in patient with an infraclavicular catheter: breakthrough pain as indicator. Anesthesiology. 2013;118(5):1198–205. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e31828afa96.
Mannion S, Capdevila X. Acute compartment syndrome and the role of regional anesthesia. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2010;48(4):85–105. https://doi.org/10.1097/AIA.0b013e3181f1e7de.
Ritenour AE, Dorlac WC, Fang R, Woods T, Jenkins DH, Flaherty SF, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Complications after fasciotomy revision and delayed compartment release in combat patients. J Trauma. 2008;64(2 Suppl):S153–61; discussion S161–2. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3181607750.
Driscoll EBS, Maleki AH, Jahromi L, et al. Regional anesthesia or patient-controlled analgesia and compartment syndrome in orthopedic surgical procedures: a systematic review. Local Reg Anesth. 2016;9:65–81. https://doi.org/10.2147/LRA.S109659.
Torlincasi AM, Lopez RA, Waseem M. Acute compartment syndrome. [Updated 2021 Jul 19]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448124/
McQueen MM, Gaston P, Court-Brown CM. Acute compartment syndrome. Who is at risk? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(2):200–3.
Mabvuure NT, Malahias M, Hindocha S, Khan W, Juma A. Acute compartment syndrome of the limbs: current concepts and management. Open Orthop J. 2012;6(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010535
•• Dwyer T, Burns D, Nauth A, Kawam K, Brull R. Regional anesthesia and acute compartment syndrome: principles for practice. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(12):1091–1099. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2021-102735. An educational review article focusing on use of RA in both orthopedic trauma surgery and elective orthopedic surgery with a view towards assessing the risk of ACS in the various orthopedic surgical procedures presented.
• Marhofer P, Halm J, Feigl GC, Schepers T, Hollmann MW. Regional anesthesia and compartment syndrome. Anesth Analg. 2021;133(5):1348–1352.:https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005661. A review of the relationship between ACS and RA providing anatomical-based knowledge to facilitated clinical decision-making.
Mar GJ, Barrington MJ, McGuirk BR. Acute compartment syndrome of the lower limb and the effect of postoperative analgesia on diagnosis. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102(1):3–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aen330.
Park S, Ahn J, Gee AO, Kuntz AF, Esterhai JL. Compartment syndrome in tibial fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(7). https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181a2815a
• Karamchandani K, Klick JC, Linskey Dougherty M, Bonavia A, Allen SR, Carr ZJ. Pain management in trauma patients affected by the opioid epidemic: a narrative review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(2):430–439. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002292. A narrative review surveying the literature on pain management in trauma patients, the impact of the opioid crisis on patients with traumatic injuries, emerging concerns of chronic pain from inadequately treated pain, and the role of multi-modal pain treatment options.
Kumar V, Saeed K, Panagopoulos A, Parker PJ. Gluteal compartment syndrome following joint arthroplasty under epidural anaesthesia: a report of 4 cases. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2007;15(1):113–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/230949900701500126.
Ulmer T. The clinical diagnosis of compartment syndrome of the lower leg: are clinical findings predictive of the disorder? J Orthop Trauma. 2002;16(8):572–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-200209000-00006.
Mubarak SJ, Owen CA, Hargens AR, Garetto LP, Akeson WH. Acute compartment syndromes: diagnosis and treatment with the aid of the wick catheter. JBJS. 1978;60(8).
McQueen MM, Court-Brown CM. Compartment monitoring in tibial fractures. The pressure threshold for decompression. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996;78(1):99–104.
McQueen MM, Duckworth AD, Aitken SA, Court-Brown CM. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of compartment pressure monitoring for acute compartment syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(8):673–7. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.01731.
Harris IA, Kadir A, Donald G. Continuous compartment pressure monitoring for tibia fractures: does it influence outcome? J Trauma. 2006;60(6):1330–5; discussion 1335. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000196001.03681.c3.
• Schmidt AH, Di J, Zipunnikov V, et al. Perfusion pressure lacks diagnostic specificity for the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome. J Orthop Trauma. 2020;34(6):287-293. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000001719. A prospective observational study evaluating the diagnostic performance of perfusion pressure measurements as a threshold for performing fasciotomy which found that compartment pressure measurements are inadequate to accurately diagnose ACS when evaluated in isolation without other metrics.
Tighe PJ, Elliott CE, Lucas SD, Boezaart AP. Noninvasive tissue oxygen saturation determined by near-infrared spectroscopy following peripheral nerve block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(10):1239–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02533.x.
Forget P, Ponchon F, Vanhoonacker M, et al. In vivo optical spectroscopy monitoring in a new model of muscular compartment syndrome. Br J Anaesth. 2012;109(4):561–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes223.
Kosir R, Moore FA, Selby JH, et al. Acute lower extremity compartment syndrome (ALECS) screening protocol in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma - Injury, Infect Crit Care. 2007;63(2):268–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e318074fe15.
Kettner SC, Willschke H, Marhofer P. Does regional anaesthesia really improve outcome? Br J Anaesth. 2011;107(SUPPL. 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer340
• Saranteas T, Koliantzaki I, Savvidou O, Tsoumpa M, Eustathiou G, Kontogeorgakos V, Souvatzoglou R. Acute pain management in trauma: anatomy, ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks and special considerations. Minerva Anestesiol. 2019;85(7):763–773. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0375-9393.19.13145-8. A review article updating readers on the essential knowledge of pain management and regional analgesia considerations in the trauma population.
Harrington P, Bunola J, Jennings AJ, Bush DJ, Smith RM. Acute compartment syndrome masked by intravenous morphine from a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Injury. 2000;31(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(99)00308-3
Richards H, Langston A, Kulkarni R, Downes EM. Does patient controlled analgesia delay the diagnosis of compartment syndrome following intramedullary nailing of the tibia? Injury. 2004;35(3):296–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00311-5.
Azam MQ, Ali MS, Al Ruwaili M, Al Sayed HN. Compartment syndrome obscured by post-operative epidural analgesia. Clin Pract. 2012;2(1): e19. https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2012.e19.
Cometa MA, Esch AT, Boezaart AP. Did continuous femoral and sciatic nerve block obscure the diagnosis or delay the treatment of acute lower leg compartment syndrome? A case report. Pain Med. 2011;12(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01109.
Torrie A, Sharma J, Mason M, Eng HC. Regional anesthesia did not delay diagnosis of compartment syndrome: a case report of anterior compartment syndrome in the thigh not masked by an adductor canal catheter. Am J Case Rep. 2017;18:444–7. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.902708.
Issberner U, Reeh PW, Steen KH. Pain due to tissue acidosis: a mechanism for inflammatory and ischemic myalgia? Neurosci Lett. 1996;208(3):191–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12576-3.
Kucera TJ, Boezaart AP. Regional anesthesia does not consistently block ischemic pain: two further cases and a review of the literature. Pain Med (United States). 2014;15(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12235
Frölich MA, Deshpande H, Ness T, Deutsch G. Quantitative changes in regional cerebral blood flow induced by cold, heat and ischemic pain: a continuous arterial spin labeling study. Anesthesiology. 2012;117(4). https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e31826a8a13
• Boezaart A, Smith C, Zasimovich Y, Reina MA. Femoral artery block: the relationship between visceral and ischemic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022;47(1):70–71.https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2021-102622. A letter to the editor that addresses the theory of how and why peripheral nerve blocks will not mask ischemic limb pain from ACS, based on the description of perivascular sympathetic nociceptive pathways.