Refugee children in Sweden: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Iranian preschool children exposed to organized violence

Child Abuse & Neglect - Tập 21 - Trang 351-366 - 1997
Kjerstin Almqvist1
1Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, Karlstad, Sweden

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ajdukovic, 1993, Psychological well-being of refugee children, Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 843, 10.1016/S0145-2134(08)80014-2 Almqvist, 1995, Iranian refugee children in Sweden: A study of preschool children exposed to organized violence and forced migration, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 225, 10.1037/h0079611 American Psychiatric Association, 1987 American Psychiatric Association, 1994 Bowlby, 1969 Bradburn, 1991, After the earth shook: Children's stress symptoms 6–8 months after a disaster, Advances in Behavior Research and Therapy, 13, 173, 10.1016/0146-6402(91)90005-U Burke, 1982, Changes in children's behavior after a natural disaster, American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1010, 10.1176/ajp.139.8.1010 Danielsson, 1986 Earls, 1988, Investigating psychopathological consequences of a disaster in children: A pilot study incorporating a structured diagnostic interview, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 90, 10.1097/00004583-198801000-00014 Famularo, 1990, Symptom differences in acute and chronic presentation of childhood Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Child Abuse & Neglect, 14, 439, 10.1016/0145-2134(90)90015-L Green, 1994, Children of disaster in the second decade: A 17-year follow-up of Buffalo Creek survivors, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 71, 10.1097/00004583-199401000-00011 Green, 1991, Children and disaster: Age, gender, and parental effects on PTSD symptoms, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 945, 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00012 Hjern, 1991, Persecution and behavior, Child Abuse & Neglect, 15, 239, 10.1016/0145-2134(91)90068-O Hwang, 1996 Kamyab, 1988 Kinzie, 1986, The psychiatric effects of massive trauma on Cambodian children: 1. The children, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 370, 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60259-4 Kinzie, 1989, A 3-year follow-up of Cambodian young people traumatized as children, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 501, 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00006 Lonigan, 1991, Children's reactions to a natural disaster: Symptom severity and degree of exposure, Advances in Behavior Research and Therapy, 13, 135, 10.1016/0146-6402(91)90002-R Lowenfeld, 1950, The nature and use of the Lowenfeld World Technique in work with children and adults, Journal of Psychology, 30, 325, 10.1080/00223980.1950.9916070 Macksoud, 1996, The war experiences and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon, Child Development, 67, 70, 10.2307/1131687 Pynoos, 1987, Life threat and posttraumatic stress in school-age children, Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 1057, 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800240031005 Pynoos, 1990, Children's exposure to violence and traumatic death, Psychiatric Annals, 20, 334, 10.3928/0048-5713-19900601-11 Pynoos, 1995, A developmental model of childhood traumatic stress, 72 Saigh, 1989, The validity of the DSM-III Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder classification as applied to children, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 189, 10.1037/0021-843X.98.2.189 Saigh, 1991, The development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder following four different types of traumatization, Journal of Behavior Research and Therapy, 29, 213, 10.1016/0005-7967(91)90110-O Schwarz, 1991, Malignant memories: PTSD in children and adults after a school shooting, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 936, 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00011 Schwarz, 1991, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after a school shooting: Effects of symptom threshold selection and diagnosis by DSM-III, DSM-III-R, or proposed DSM-IV, American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 592, 10.1176/ajp.148.5.592 Statens Invandrarverk, 1991 Terr, 1983, Chowchilla revisited: The effects of psychic trauma four years after a school-bus kidnapping, American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1543, 10.1176/ajp.140.12.1543 Thien, 1988, The psychological consequences for children of war traumata and migration, 248 Udwin, 1993, Annotation: Children's reactions to traumatic events, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 34, 115, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00974.x Yule, 1992, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in child survivors of shipping disasters: The sinking of the Jupiter, Journal of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 57, 200, 10.1159/000288599 Yule, 1994, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, 392 Yule, 1990, Post-traumatic stress reactions in children, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 279, 10.1002/jts.2490030209