Alexiou C, Arnold W, Fauser C et al (2001) Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: does application of glucocorticoids make sense? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:253–258
Arnold W, Senn P, Hennig M et al (2005) Novel slow- and fast-type drug release round-window microimplants for local drug application to the cochlea: an experimental study in guinea pigs. Audiol Neurootol 10:53–63
Bachmann G, Su J, Zumegen C et al (2001) Permeability of the round window membrane for prednisolone-21-hydrogen succinate. Prednisolone content of the perilymph after local administration vs. systemic injection. HNO 49:538–542
Bird PA, Begg EJ, Zhang M et al (2007) Intratympanic versus intravenous delivery of methylprednisolone to cochlear perilymph. Otol Neurotol 28:1124–1130
Bohne BA, Harding GW, Lee SC (2007) Death pathways in noise-damaged outer hair cells. Hear Res 223:61–70
Canlon B (1988) The effect of acoustic trauma on the tectorial membrane, stereocilia, and hearing sensitivity: possible mechanisms underlying damage, recovery, and protection. Scand Audiol Suppl 27:1–45
Chandrasekhar SS (2001) Intratympanic dexamethasone for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: clinical and laboratory evaluation. Otol Neurotol 22:18–23
Chen CY, Halpin C, Rauch SD (2003) Oral steroid treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a ten year retrospective analysis. Otol Neurotol 24:728–733
Cinamon U, Bendet E, Kronenberg J (2001) Steroids, carbogen or placebo for sudden hearing loss: a prospective double-blind study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 258:477–480
Cunningham LL, Cheng AG, Rubel EW et al (2002) Caspase activation in hair cells of the mouse utricle exposed to neomycin. J Neurosci 22:8532–8540
D’aldin C, Cherny L, Devriere F et al (1999) Treatment of acoustic trauma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 884:328–344
Forge A (1985) Outer hair cell loss and supporting cell expansion following chronic gentamicin treatment. Hear Res 19:171–182
Forge A, Li L (2000) Apoptotic death of hair cells in mammalian vestibular sensory epithelia. Hear Res 139:97–115
Forge A, Li L, Nevill G (1998) Hair cell recovery in the vestibular sensory epithelia of mature guinea pigs. J Comp Neurol 397:69–88
Furness DN (2015) Molecular basis of hair cell loss. Cell Tissue Res 361:387–399
Ghosh A, Jackson R (2005) Best evidence topic report. Steroids in sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Emerg Med J 22:732–733
Hahn H, Kammerer B, Dimauro A et al (2006) Cochlear microdialysis for quantification of dexamethasone and fluorescein entry into scala tympani during round window administration. Hear Res 212:236–244
Hahn H, Salt AN, Biegner T et al (2012) Dexamethasone levels and base-to-apex concentration gradients in the scala tympani perilymph after intracochlear delivery in the guinea pig. Otol Neurotol 33:660–665
Hargunani CA, Kempton JB, Degagne JM et al (2006) Intratympanic injection of dexamethasone: time course of inner ear distribution and conversion to its active form. Otol Neurotol 27:564–569
Hu BH, Henderson D, Nicotera TM (2002) Involvement of apoptosis in progression of cochlear lesion following exposure to intense noise. Hear Res 166:62–71
Kopke RD, Hoffer ME, Wester D et al (2001) Targeted topical steroid therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Otol Neurotol 22:475–479
Kujawa SG, Liberman MC (2009) Adding insult to injury: cochlear nerve degeneration after “temporary” noise-induced hearing loss. J Neurosci 29:14077–14085
Lefebvre PP, Staecker H (2002) Steroid perfusion of the inner ear for sudden sensorineural hearing loss after failure of conventional therapy: a pilot study. Acta Otolaryngol 122:698–702
Liberman MC (2015) Hidden hearing loss. Sci Am 313:48–53
Liebau A, Plontke SK (2015) Local drug therapy for inner ear hearing loss. HNO 63:396–401
Liu W, Staecker H, Stupak H et al (1998) Caspase inhibitors prevent cisplatin-induced apoptosis of auditory sensory cells. Neuroreport 9:2609–2614
Maurer J, Heinrich UR, Mann W (1993) Morphologic damage and changes of intracellular calcium-binding sites after acute noise trauma in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 55:7–12
Mikulec AA, Plontke SK, Hartsock JJ et al (2009) Entry of substances into perilymph through the bone of the otic capsule after intratympanic applications in guinea pigs: implications for local drug delivery in humans. Otol Neurotol 30:131–138
Moser T, Starr A (2016) Auditory neuropathy – neural and synaptic mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurol 12:135–149
Müller M, Smolders JWT (2005) Shift in the cochlear place-frequency map after noise damage in the mouse. Neuroreport 16:1183–1187
Müller M, Von Hünerbein K, Hoidis S et al (2005) A physiological place-frequency map of the cochlea in the CBA/J mouse. Hear Res 202:63–73
Nakagawa T, Yamane H, Shibata S et al (1997) Two modes of auditory hair cell loss following acoustic overstimulation in the avian inner ear. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 59:303–310
Parnes LS, Sun A‑H, Freeman DJ (1999) Corticosteroid pharmacokinetics in the inner ear fluids : an animal study followed by clinical application. Laryngoscope 109:1–17
Plontke S (2005) Hearing disorder. Conservative management. Laryngorhinootologie 84(Suppl 1):S1–S36
Plontke SK, Biegner T, Kammerer B et al (2008) Dexamethasone concentration gradients along scala tympani after application to the round window membrane. Otol Neurotol 29:401–406
Plontke SK, Mikulec AA, Salt AN (2008) Rapid clearance of methylprednisolone after intratympanic application in humans. Comment on: Bird PA, Begg EJ, Zhang M, et al. Intratympanic versus intravenous delivery of methylprednisolone to cochlear perilymph. Otol Neurotol 2007;28:1124–30. Otol Neurotol 29:732–733 (author reply 733)
Rauch SD, Halpin CF, Antonelli PJ et al (2011) Oral vs intratympanic corticosteroid therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a randomized trial. JAMA 305:2071–2079
Salt AN, Hartsock JJ, Gill RM et al (2012) Perilymph pharmacokinetics of markers and dexamethasone applied and sampled at the lateral semi-circular canal. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 13:771–783
Sendowski I, Abaamrane L, Raffin F et al (2006) Therapeutic efficacy of intra-cochlear administration of methylprednisolone after acoustic trauma caused by gunshot noise in guinea pigs. Hear Res 221:119–127
Tobita T, Senarita M, Hara A et al (2002) Determination of prednisolone in the cochlear tissue. Hear Res 165:30–34
Tsuji J, Liberman MC (1997) Intracellular labeling of auditory nerve fibers in guinea pig: central and peripheral projections. J Comp Neurol 381:188–202
Wang Y, Hirose K, Liberman MC (2002) Dynamics of noise-induced cellular injury and repair in the mouse cochlea. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 3:248–268
Wang Y, Liberman MC (2002) Restraint stress and protection from acoustic injury in mice. Hear Res 165:96–102
WHO (2013) 10 facts on deafness. http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/deafness/facts/en/. Accessed 3 July 2016
Wilson WR, Byl FM, Laird N (1980) The efficacy of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss. A double-blind clinical study. Arch Otolaryngol 106:772–776
Yang J, Wu H, Zhang P et al (2007) The pharmacokinetic profiles of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone concentration in perilymph and plasma following systemic and local administration. Acta Otolaryngol 4:1–9