Recycling of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries using mechanochemical activation and solid-state sintering

Chen, 2016, Environmentally friendly recycling and effective repairing of cathode powders from spent LiFePO4 batteries, Green Chem., 18, 2500, 10.1039/C5GC02650D Chen, 2015, Hydrometallurgical recovery of metal values from sulfuric acid leaching liquor of spent lithium-ion batteries, Waste Manage., 38, 349, 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.12.023 Cho, 2005, Effect of synthesis condition on the structural and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 prepared by carbonate co-precipitation method, J. Power Sources, 142, 306, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.10.016 Churikov, 2010, Determination of lithium diffusion coefficient in LiFePO electrode by galvanostatic and potentiostatic intermittent titration techniques, Electrochim. Acta, 55, 2939, 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.079 Di Lecce, 2017, Lithium-ion batteries for sustainable energy storage: recent advances towards new cell configurations, Green Chem., 10.1039/C7GC01328K Dunn, 2011, Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices, Science, 334, 928, 10.1126/science.1212741 Fey, 2009, Electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 prepared via ball-milling, J. Power Sources, 189, 169, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.10.016 Gao, 2018, Comprehensive evaluation on effective leaching of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries, Waste Manage., 75, 477, 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.023 Gao, 2018, Selective recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries – process development and kinetics evaluation, J. Clean. Prod., 178, 833, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.040 Goodenough, 2013, The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 1167, 10.1021/ja3091438 Jiang, 2016, Efficient plasma-enhanced method for layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes with sulfur atom-scale modification for superior-performance Li-ion batteries, Nanoscale, 8, 11234, 10.1039/C6NR02589G Jiang, 2015, Plasma-assisted highly efficient synthesis of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathode materials with superior performance for Li-ion batteries, RSC Adv., 5, 75145, 10.1039/C5RA14274A Krishna Kumar, 2017, Synergistic effect of 3D electrode architecture and fluorine doping of Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 for high energy density lithium-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 356, 115, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.077 Li, 2015, Succinic acid-based leaching system: a sustainable process for recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 282, 544, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.073 Li, 2014, Synthesis and electrochemical performance of cathode material Li1.2Co0.13Ni0.13Mn0.54O2 from spent lithium-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 249, 28, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.10.092 Li, 2017, Direct regeneration of recycled cathode material mixture from scrapped LiFePO4 batteries, J. Power Sources, 345, 78, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.118 Lin, 2015, Hydrogen peroxide assisted synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as high-performance cathode for lithium-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 280, 263, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.084 Lin, 2014, Surface reconstruction and chemical evolution of stoichiometric layered cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, Nat. Commun., 5, 3529, 10.1038/ncomms4529 Liu, 2004, Origin of deterioration for LiNiO2 cathode material during storage in air, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 7, A190, 10.1149/1.1738471 Lv, 2018, A critical review and analysis on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 6, 1504, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03811 Mohanty, 2013, Structural transformation of a lithium-rich Li1.2Co0.1Mn0.55Ni0.15O2 cathode during high voltage cycling resolved by in situ X-ray diffraction, J. Power Sources, 229, 239, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.144 Myung, 2016, Nickel-rich layered cathode materials for automotive lithium-ion batteries: achievements and perspectives, ACS Energy Lett., 2, 196, 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00594 Nam, 2006, Virus-enabled synthesis and assembly of nanowires for lithium ion battery electrodes, Science, 312, 885, 10.1126/science.1122716 Nie, 2015, LiCoO2: recycling from spent batteries and regeneration with solid state synthesis, Green Chem., 17, 1276, 10.1039/C4GC01951B Oh, 2004, Structural and electrochemical properties of layered Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]1−xCoxO2 positive materials synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method, Solid State Ion., 171, 167, 10.1016/j.ssi.2004.04.012 Poyraz, 2016, Effective recycling of manganese oxide cathodes for lithium based batteries, Green Chem., 18, 3414, 10.1039/C6GC00438E Sa, 2015, Synthesis of high performance LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 from lithium ion battery recovery stream, J. Power Sources, 282, 140, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.046 Senćanski, 2017, The synthesis of Li(CoMnNi)O2 cathode material from spent-Li ion batteries and the proof of its functionality in aqueous lithium and sodium electrolytic solutions, J. Power Sources, 342, 690, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.115 Shin, 2006, Electrochemical properties of the carbon-coated LiFePO4 as a cathode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries, J. Power Sources, 159, 1383, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.12.043 Song, 2017, Direct regeneration of cathode materials from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries using a solid phase sintering method, RSC Adv., 7, 4783, 10.1039/C6RA27210J Sun, 2009, High-energy cathode material for long-life and safe lithium batteries, Nat. Mater., 8, 320, 10.1038/nmat2418 Sun, 2016, Promises and challenges of nanomaterials for lithium-based rechargeable batteries, Nat. Energy, 1, 16071, 10.1038/nenergy.2016.71 Sun, 2017, Electrochemistry during efficient copper recovery from complex electronic waste using ammonia based solutions, Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 11, 308, 10.1007/s11705-016-1587-x Tan, 2015, Recycling metals from wastes: a novel application of mechanochemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 5849, 10.1021/es506016w Vujković, 2013, Gel-combustion synthesis of LiFePO4/C composite with improved capacity retention in aerated aqueous electrolyte solution, Electrochim. Acta, 92, 248, 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.030 Weng, 2013, Synthesis and performance of Li[(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(1–x)Mgx]O2 prepared from spent lithium ion batteries, J. Hazard. Mater., 246–247, 163, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.028 Weppner, 1977, Determination of the kinetic parameters of mixed-conducting electrodes and application to the system Li3Sb, J. Electrochem. Soc., 124, 1569, 10.1149/1.2133112 Xu, 2017, A review of Ni-based layered oxides for rechargeable Li-ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 874, 10.1039/C6TA07991A Zeng, 2015, Novel approach to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery using oxalic acid, J. Hazard. Mater., 295, 112, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.064 Zhang, 2010, Minimization of the cation mixing in Li1+x(NMC)1−xO2 as cathode material, J. Power Sources, 195, 1292, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.029 Zhao, 2017, In situ probing and synthetic control of cationic ordering in Ni-Rich layered oxide cathodes, Adv. Energy Mater., 7, 1601266, 10.1002/aenm.201601266 Zhao, 2017, In situ probing and synthetic control of cationic ordering in Ni-Rich layered oxide cathodes, Adv. Energy Mater., 7, 1601266, 10.1002/aenm.201601266 Zou, 2013, A novel method to recycle mixed cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, Green Chem., 15, 1183, 10.1039/c3gc40182k