Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation

Nishimura, 2014, 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 2438, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.537

Zoghbi, 2003, Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 16, 777, 10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3

Lang, 2012, EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 25, 3, 10.1016/j.echo.2011.11.010

Lang, 2011, Valvular heart disease. The value of 3-dimensional echocardiography, J Am Coll Cardiol, 58, 1933, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.07.035

Hundley, 2010, ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 expert consensus document on cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents, J Am Coll Cardiol, 55, 2614, 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.011

Schulz-Menger, 2013, Standardized image interpretation and post processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) board of trustees task force on standardized post processing, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 15, 35, 10.1186/1532-429X-15-35

Enriquez-Sarano, 2005, Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation, N Engl J Med, 352, 875, 10.1056/NEJMoa041451

Detaint, 2008, Quantitative echocardiographic determinants of clinical outcome in asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation: a prospective study, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 1, 1, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2007.10.008

Topilsky, 2014, Clinical outcome of isolated tricuspid regurgitation, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 7, 1185, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.07.018

Grigioni, 2001, Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment, Circulation, 103, 1759, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1759

Sandler, 1963, Quantitation of valvular insufficiency in man by angiocardiography, Am Heart J, 65, 501, 10.1016/0002-8703(63)90100-5

Ben Zekry, 2011, Comparative accuracy of two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in identifying mitral valve pathology in patients undergoing mitral valve repair: initial observations, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 24, 1079, 10.1016/j.echo.2011.06.011

Mantovani, 2016, Comprehensive imaging in women with organic mitral regurgitation: implications for clinical outcome, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 9, 388, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.017

Thomson, 2001, Contrast echocardiography improves the accuracy and reproducibility of left ventricular remodeling measurements: a prospective, randomly assigned, blinded study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 38, 867, 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01416-4

Mor-Avi, 2008, Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular volumes: multicenter study for validation with magnetic resonance imaging and investigation of sources of error, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 1, 413, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.02.009

Tribouilloy, 1992, Assessment of severity of mitral regurgitation by measuring regurgitant jet width at its origin with transesophageal Doppler color flow imaging, Circulation, 85, 1248, 10.1161/01.CIR.85.4.1248

Thomas, 1990, Quantification of jet flow by momentum analysis. An in vitro color Doppler flow study, Circulation, 81, 247, 10.1161/01.CIR.81.1.247

Blevins, 1984

Chen, 1991, Impact of impinging wall jet on color Doppler quantification of mitral regurgitation, Circulation, 84, 712, 10.1161/01.CIR.84.2.712

Enriquez-Sarano, 1993, Quantitative Doppler assessment of valvular regurgitation, Circulation, 87, 841, 10.1161/01.CIR.87.3.841

Stewart, 1990, Intraoperative Doppler color flow mapping for decision-making in valve repair for mitral regurgitation. Technique and results in 100 patients, Circulation, 81, 556, 10.1161/01.CIR.81.2.556

Mascherbauer, 2005, Doppler echocardiographic assessment of valvular regurgitation severity by measurement of the vena contracta: an in vitro validation study, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 18, 999, 10.1016/j.echo.2005.03.021

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Hall, 1997, Assessment of mitral regurgitation severity by Doppler color flow mapping of the vena contracta, Circulation, 95, 636, 10.1161/01.CIR.95.3.636

Enriquez-Sarano, 1994, Effective regurgitant orifice area: a noninvasive Doppler development of an old hemodynamic concept, J Am Coll Cardiol, 23, 443, 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90432-4

Baumgartner, 1991, Value and limitations of proximal jet dimensions for the quantitation of valvular regurgitation: an in vitro study using Doppler flow imaging, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 4, 57, 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80161-2

Kizilbash, 1998, Effects of afterload reduction on vena contracta width in mitral regurgitation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 32, 427, 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00236-8

Tribouilloy, 2000, Assessment of severity of aortic regurgitation using the width of the vena contracta: a clinical color Doppler imaging study, Circulation, 102, 558, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.5.558

Tribouilloy, 2000, Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation by measuring the width of the vena contracta with Doppler color flow imaging: a clinical study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 36, 472, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00762-2

Zeng, 2011, Diagnostic value of vena contracta area in the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity by color Doppler 3D echocardiography, Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 4, 506, 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.110.961649

Little, 2008, Three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for direct measurement of vena contracta area in mitral regurgitation: in vitro validation and clinical experience, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 1, 695, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.05.014

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Klein, 1991, Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography of pulmonary venous flow: a new marker of mitral regurgitation severity, J Am Coll Cardiol, 18, 518, 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90609-D

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Carpentier, 1983, Cardiac valve surgery—the “French correction”, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 86, 323, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)39144-5

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