Recombination Between Paralogues at the rp1 Rust Resistance Locus in Maize
Tóm tắt
Rp1 is a complex rust resistance locus of maize. The HRp1-D haplotype is composed of Rp1-D and eight paralogues, seven of which also code for predicted nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins similar to the Rp1-D gene. The paralogues are polymorphic (DNA identities 91-97%), especially in the C-terminal LRR domain. The remaining family member encodes a truncated protein that has no LRR domain. Seven of the nine family members, including the truncated gene, are transcribed. Sequence comparisons between paralogues provide evidence for past recombination events between paralogues and diversifying selection, particularly in the C-terminal half of the LRR domain. Variants selected for complete or partial loss of Rp1-D resistance can be explained by unequal crossing over that occurred mostly within coding regions. The Rp1-D gene is altered or lost in all variants, the recombination breakpoints occur throughout the genes, and most recombinant events (9/14 examined) involved the same untranscribed paralogue with the Rp1-D gene. One recombinant with a complete LRR from Rp1-D, but the aminoterminal portion from another homologue, conferred the Rp1-D specificity but with a reduced level of resistance.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Anderson, 1997, Inactivation of the flax rust resistance gene M associated with loss of a repeated unit within the leucine-rich repeat coding region, Plant Cell, 9, 641
Ayliffe, 2000, The maize rp1 rust resistance gene identifies homologues in barley that have been subjected to diversifying selection, Theor. Appl. Genet., 100, 1144, 10.1007/s001220051398
Baker, 1997, Signaling in plant-microbe interactions, Science, 276, 726, 10.1126/science.276.5313.726
Botella, 1998, Three genes of the Arabidopsis RPP1 complex resistance locus recognize distinct Peronospora parasitica avirulence determinants, Plant Cell, 10, 1847, 10.1105/tpc.10.11.1847
Burdon, 1997, Sources and patterns of diversity in plant pathogenic fungi, Phytopathology, 87, 664, 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.7.664
Collins, 1999, Molecular characterization of the maize Rp1-D rust resistance haplotype and its mutants, Plant Cell, 11, 1365, 10.1105/tpc.11.7.1365
Crute, 1996, Genetics and utilization of pathogen resistance in plants, Plant Cell, 8, 1747, 10.2307/3870227
Dixon, 1996, The tomato Cf-2 disease resistance locus comprises two functional genes encoding leucine-rich repeat proteins, Cell, 84, 451, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81290-8
Dixon, 1998, The tomato Cf-5 disease resistance gene and six homologs show pronounced allelic variation in leucine rich repeat copy number, Plant Cell, 10, 1915, 10.1105/tpc.10.11.1915
Dooner, 1997, Recombination occurs uniformly within the bronze gene, a meiotic recombination hotspot in the maize genome, Plant Cell, 9, 1633
Ellis, 1998, Structure and function of proteins controlling strain-specific pathogen resistance in plants, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 1, 288, 10.1016/1369-5266(88)80048-7
Ellis, 1997, Advances in the molecular genetic analysis of the flax-flax rust interaction, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 35, 271, 10.1146/annurev.phyto.35.1.271
Ellis, 1999, Identification of regions in alleles of the flax rust resistance gene L that determine differences in gene-for-gene specificity, Plant Cell, 11, 495, 10.1105/tpc.11.3.495
Ellis, 2000, The generation of plant disease resistance gene specificities, Trends Plant Sci., 9, 373, 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01694-0
Endo, 1993, Large scale search for genes on which positive selection may operate, Mol. Biol. Evol., 13, 685, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025629
Grant, 1995, Structure of the Arabidopsis RPM1 gene enabling dual specificity disease resistance, Science, 269, 843, 10.1126/science.7638602
Hu, 1994, Evidence for the involvement of gene conversion in meiotic instability of the Rp1 rust resistance genes of maize, Genome, 37, 742, 10.1139/g94-105
Hu, 1996, Disease lesion mimicry caused by mutations at the rust resistance gene Rp1, Plant Cell, 8, 1367, 10.2307/3870307
Hughes, 1988, Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection, Nature, 335, 167, 10.1038/335167a0
Hulbert, 1997, Structure and evolution of the Rp1 complex conferring rust resistance in maize, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 35, 293, 10.1146/annurev.phyto.35.1.293
Hulbert, 1985, Linkage analysis of gene for resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Theor. Appl. Genet., 70, 520, 10.1007/BF00305985
Hulbert, 1997, Kansas rust-resistant sweet corn populations A and B, Hortscience, 32, 1130, 10.21273/HORTSCI.32.6.1130
Hwang, 2000, Evidence for a role of the N terminus and leucine-rich repeat region of the Mi gene product in regulation of localized cell death, Plant Cell, 12, 1319, 10.1105/tpc.12.8.1319
Islam, 1989, Recombination among genes at the L group in flax conferring resistance to rust, Theor. Appl. Genet., 77, 540, 10.1007/BF00274276
Jahoor, 1993, Genetical and RFLP studies at the Mla locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in barley, Theor. Appl. Genet., 85, 713, 10.1007/BF00225010
Jones, 1996, The role of leucine-rich repeat proteins in plant defenses, Adv. Bot. Res., 24, 89, 10.1016/S0065-2296(08)60072-5
Kobe, 1994, The leucine-rich repeat: a versatile binding motif, Trends Biochem., 19, 415, 10.1016/0968-0004(94)90090-6
Kobe, 1995, A structural basis of the interactions between leucine-rich repeats and protein ligands, Nature, 374, 183, 10.1038/374183a0
Lawrence, 1995, The L6 gene for flax rust resistance is related to the Arabidopsis bacterial resistance gene RPS2 and the tobacco viral resistance gene N, Plant Cell, 7, 1195
Luck, 2000, Regions outside of the leucine-rich repeats of flax rust resistance proteins play a role in specificity determination, Plant Cell, 12, 1367, 10.1105/tpc.12.8.1367
Martin, 1993, Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato, Science, 262, 1432, 10.1126/science.7902614
McDowell, 1998, Intragenic recombination and diversifying selection contribute to the evolution of downy mildew resistance at the RPP8 locus of Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 10, 1861, 10.1105/tpc.10.11.1861
Meyers, 1998, The major resistance gene cluster in lettuce is highly duplicated and spans several megabases, Plant Cell, 10, 1817, 10.1105/tpc.10.11.1817
Meyers, 1998, Receptor-like genes in the major resistance locus of lettuce are subject to divergent selection, Plant Cell, 11, 1833, 10.1105/tpc.10.11.1833
Michelmore, 1998, Clusters of resistance genes in plants evolve by divergent selection and a birth-and-death process, Genome Res., 8, 1113, 10.1101/gr.8.11.1113
Mindrinos, 1994, The A. thaliana disease resistance gene RPS2 encodes a protein containing a nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats, Cell, 78, 1089, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90282-8
Noël, 1999, Pronounced intraspecific haplotype divergence at the RPP5 complex disease resistance locus of Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 11, 2099, 10.1105/tpc.11.11.2099
Parker, 1997, The Arabidopsis downy mildew resistance gene RPP5 shares similarity to the toll and interleukin-1 receptors with N and L6, Plant Cell, 9, 879, 10.1105/tpc.9.6.879
Parniske, 1997, Novel disease resistance specificities result from sequence exchange between tandemly repeated genes at the Cf-4/9 locus of tomato, Cell, 91, 821, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80470-5
Richter, 1995, New rust resistance specificities associated with recombination in the Rp1 complex in maize, Genetics, 141, 373, 10.1093/genetics/141.1.373
Salmeron, 1996, Tomato Prf is a member of the leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes and lies embedded within the Pto kinase gene cluster, Cell, 86, 123, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80083-5
Sambrook, 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
Saxena, 1968, On the structure of a gene for disease resistance in maize, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 61, 1300, 10.1073/pnas.61.4.1300
Schnable, 1998, Genetic recombination in plants, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 1, 123, 10.1016/S1369-5266(98)80013-7
Schwarz-Sommer, 1987, Cin4, an insert altering the structure of the A1 gene of zea mays, exhibits properties of nonviral retrotransposons, EMBO J., 6, 3873, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02727.x
Shepherd, 1972, Genes conferring specific plant disease resistance, Science, 175, 375, 10.1126/science.175.4020.375
Simons, 1998, Dissection of the Fusarium I2 gene cluster in tomato reveals six homologs and one active gene copy, Plant Cell, 10, 1055, 10.1105/tpc.10.6.1055
Smith, 1976, Evolution of repeated DNA sequences by unequal crossover, Science, 191, 528, 10.1126/science.1251186
Song, 1997, Evolution of the rice Xa21 disease resistance gene family, Plant Cell, 9, 1279
Sudupak, 1993, Unequal exchange and meiotic instability of Rp1 region disease resistance genes, Genetics, 133, 119, 10.1093/genetics/133.1.119
Thomas, 1997, Characterization of the tomato Cf-4 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum identifies sequences that determine recognitional specificity in Cf-4 and Cf-9, Plant Cell, 9, 2209
Traut, 1994, The functions and consensus motifs of nine types of peptide segments that form different types of nucleotide-binding sites, Eur. J. Biochem., 222, 9, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18835.x
van der Biezen, 1998, The NB-ARC domain: a novel signaling motif shared by plant resistance gene products and regulators of cell death in animals, Curr. Biol., 8, 226, 10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70145-9
Wang, 1998, Xa21D encodes a receptor-like molecule with a leucine-rich repeat domain that determines race-specific recognition and is subject to adaptive evolution, Plant Cell, 10, 765, 10.1105/tpc.10.5.765
Wei, 1999, The Mla (powdery mildew) resistance cluster is associated with three NBS-LRR gene families and suppressed recombination within a 240-kb DNA interval on chromosome 5s (1HS) of barley, Genetics, 153, 192, 10.1093/genetics/153.4.1929
Whitham, 1994, The product of the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N: similarity to toll and the interleukin-1 receptor, Cell, 78, 1101, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90283-6