Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Những phát triển gần đây nhằm thu hẹp khoảng cách trong quản lý loãng xương
Tóm tắt
Gãy xương xảy ra ở những người có khối lượng xương thấp trong bối cảnh chấn thương tối thiểu — chẳng hạn như ngã từ độ cao đứng — đáp ứng tiêu chí chẩn đoán lâm sàng về loãng xương và xác định cá nhân này có nguy cơ cao về các gãy xương tiếp theo, đặc biệt trong 2 năm đầu sau gãy xương đầu tiên. Do đó, việc xác định những cá nhân có nguy cơ gãy xương rất cao và cao là rất quan trọng để có thể ngay lập tức bắt đầu điều trị loãng xương. Hiện tại, có nhiều nhu cầu chưa được đáp ứng trong quản lý độ mỏng manh của xương và phòng ngừa gãy xương. Do đó, việc tái phân loại người dân theo nguy cơ gãy xương của họ, cũng như xác định những gì có thể và không thể đạt được bằng các liệu pháp loãng xương khác nhau, đại diện cho một bước tiến lớn. Năm 2020, việc phân loại nguy cơ cao thành hai nhóm là nguy cơ cao và nguy cơ rất cao, một khái niệm mới trong đánh giá loãng xương, đã được công bố bởi IOF và ESCEO. Điều này trùng với sự phát triển của các liệu pháp có sẵn với các cơ chế tác động khác nhau và các mục tiêu điều trị mới để điều trị loãng xương. Nỗi sợ về các biến chứng, mặc dù hiếm, liên quan đến bisphosphonates lâu dài và tác động tích cực của các tác nhân osteoanabolic đối với việc giảm gãy xương và chất lượng xương, đã thay đổi các mô hình kê đơn và mở đường cho liệu pháp tuần tự và kết hợp. Việc đưa vào các khái niệm gần đây trong loãng xương và phát triển các ngưỡng can thiệp mới có ý nghĩa tích cực đối với các chiến lược chẩn đoán và quản lý bệnh nhân loãng xương.
Từ khóa
#loãng xương #gãy xương #nguy cơ gãy xương #điều trị loãng xương #bisphosphonates #liệu pháp osteoanabolic #quản lý bệnh nhân loãng xươngTài liệu tham khảo
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