Recent advances on the complement system of teleost fish

Sunyer, 1999, Complement

Gasque, 2004, Complement: a unique innate immune sensor for danger signals, Mol Immunol, 41, 1089, 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.06.011

Kishore, 2000, C1q: structure, function, and receptors, Immunopharmacology, 49, 159, 10.1016/S0162-3109(00)80301-X

Pangburn, 2002, Structure and function of complement C5 convertase enzymes, Biochem Soc Trans, 30, 1006, 10.1042/bst0301006

Muller-Eberhard, 1986, The membrane attack complex of complement, Annu Rev Immunol, 4, 503, 10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.002443

Xu, 2001, Structural biology of the alternative pathway convertase, Immunol Rev, 180, 123, 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1800111.x

Fujita, 2004, The lectin-complement pathway–its role in innate immunity and evolution, Immunol Rev, 198, 185, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0123.x

Turner, 2003, The role of mannose-binding lectin in health and disease, Mol Immunol, 40, 423, 10.1016/S0161-5890(03)00155-X

Sim, 2000, Serine proteases of the complement system, Biochem Soc Trans, 28, 545, 10.1042/bst0280545

Gal, 2001, Structure and function of complement activating enzyme complexes: C1 and MBL-MASPs, Curr Protein Peptide Sci, 2, 43, 10.2174/1389203013381242

Hajela, 2002, The biological functions of MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs), Immunobiology, 205, 467, 10.1078/0171-2985-00147

Chen, 2004, Two mechanisms for mannose-binding protein modulation of the activity of its associated serine proteases, J Biol Chem, 279, 26058, 10.1074/jbc.M401318200

Zundel, 2004, Characterization of recombinant mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP)-3 suggests an activation mechanism different from that of MASP-1 and MASP-2, J Immunol, 172, 4342, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4342

Molina, 1996, Markedly impaired humoral immune response in mice deficient in complement receptors 1 and 2, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 3357, 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3357

Carroll, 2004, The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity, Nat Immunol, 5, 981, 10.1038/ni1113

Fearon, 2000, Regulation of B lymphocyte responses to foreign and self-antigens by the CD19/CD21 complex, Annu Rev Immunol, 18, 393, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.393

Boackle, 1998, Complement opsonization is required for presentation of immune complexes by resting peripheral blood B cells, J Immunol, 161, 6537, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6537

Jacquier-Sarlin, 1995, Modulation of antigen processing and presentation by covalently linked complement C3b fragment, Immunology, 84, 164

Villiers, 1996, Covalent binding of C3b to tetanus toxin: influence on uptake/internalization of antigen by antigen-specific and non-specific B cells, Immunology, 89, 348, 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-747.x

Dempsey, 1996, C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity, Science, 271, 348, 10.1126/science.271.5247.348

Zhu, 2005, The ancient origin of the complement system, EMBO J, 24, 382, 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600533

Al-Sharif, 1998, Sea urchin coelomocytes specifically express a homologue of the complement component C3, J Immunol, 160, 2983, 10.4049/jimmunol.160.6.2983

Smith, 1999, Complement systems in invertebrates. The ancient alternative and lectin pathways, Immunopharmacology, 42, 107, 10.1016/S0162-3109(99)00009-0

Nonaka, 2001, Evolution of the complement system, Curr Opin Immunol, 13, 69, 10.1016/S0952-7915(00)00184-9

Nonaka, 1984, Purification of a lamprey complement protein homologous to the third component of the mammalian complement system, J Immunol, 133, 3242, 10.4049/jimmunol.133.6.3242

Nonaka, 1992, Complete complementary DNA sequence of the third component of complement of lamprey. Implication for the evolution of thioester containing proteins, J Immunol, 148, 3290, 10.4049/jimmunol.148.10.3290

Endo, 1998, Two lineages of mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) in vertebrates, J Immunol, 161, 4924, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.9.4924

Flajnik, 2000, Early and natural antibodies in non-mammalian vertebrates, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 252, 233

Jensen, 1981, The complement system of the nurse shark: hemolytic and comparative characteristics, Science, 214, 566, 10.1126/science.7291995

Smith, 1998, Shark complement: an assessment, Immunol Rev, 166, 67, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01253.x

Nonaka, 2004, Evolution of the complement system, Mol Immunol, 40, 897, 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.009

Sunyer, 2003, Evolution of complement as an effector system in innate and adaptive immunity, Immunol Res, 27, 549, 10.1385/IR:27:2-3:549

Boshra, 2004, Structural and functional characterization of complement C4 and C1s-like molecules in teleost fish: insights into the evolution of classical and alternative pathways, J Immunol, 173, 349, 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.349

Sunyer, 1998, Evolution and diversity of the complement system of poikilothermic vertebrates, Immunol Rev, 166, 39, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01251.x

Nonaka, 2000, Complement system of bony and cartilaginous fish, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 10, 215, 10.1006/fsim.1999.0252

Sunyer, 1995, Natural hemolytic and bactericidal activities of sea bream Sparus aurata serum are effected by the alternative complement pathway, Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 45, 333, 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05430-Z

Sunyer, 1996, Multiple forms of complement C3 in trout that differ in binding to complement activators, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 8546, 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8546

Sunyer, 1997, Diversity of the third form of complement, C3, in fish: functional characterization of five forms of C3 in the diploid fish Sparus aurata, Biochem J, 326, 877, 10.1042/bj3260877

Sunyer, 1997, Structural C3 diversity in fish: characterization of five forms of C3 in the diploid fish Sparus aurata, J Immunol, 158, 2813, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.6.2813

Nakao, 2000, Molecular cloning and protein analysis of divergent forms of the complement component C3 from a bony fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): presence of variants lacking the catalytic histidine, Eur J Immunol, 30, 858, 10.1002/1521-4141(200003)30:3<858::AID-IMMU858>3.0.CO;2-M

Sunyer, 1998, Complement diversity: a mechanism for generating immune diversity?, Immunol Today, 19, 519, 10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01341-3

Aderem, 1999, Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages, Annu Rev Immunol, 17, 593, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.593

Ahearn, 1997, Complement receptors

Ross, 2000, Regulation of the adhesion versus cytotoxic functions of the Mac- 1/CR3/alphaMbeta2-integrin glycoprotein, Crit Rev Immunol, 20, 197, 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v20.i3.20

Miyazawa, 2001, Cloning and characterization of integrin alpha subunits from the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, J Immunol, 166, 1710, 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1710

Leiro, 1996, The role of opsonization by antibody and complement in in vitro phagocytosis of microsporidian parasites by turbot spleen cells, Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 51, 201, 10.1016/0165-2427(95)05509-6

Jenkins, 1993, Opsonic effect of the alternative complement pathway on channel catfish peripheral blood phagocytes, Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 39, 447, 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90074-E

Olivier, 1986, Interaction between Aeromonas salmonicida and peritoneal macrophages of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 12, 223, 10.1016/0165-2427(86)90126-1

Kohl, 2001, Anaphylatoxins and infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, Mol Immunol, 38, 175, 10.1016/S0161-5890(01)00041-4

Ember, 1997, Complement factors and their receptors, Immunopharmacology, 38, 3, 10.1016/S0162-3109(97)00088-X

Ehrengruber, 1994, Activation of human neutrophils by C3a and C5a. Comparison of the effects on shape changes, chemotaxis, secretion, and respiratory burst, FEBS Lett, 346, 181, 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00463-3

Elsner, 1994, C3a activates the respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins, Blood, 83, 3324, 10.1182/blood.V83.11.3324.3324

Taylor, 1998, Eicosanoid production from porcine neutrophils and platelets: differential production with various agonists, J Biol Chem, 273, 32535

Johnson, 1975, Release of histamine from rat mast cells by the complement peptides C3a and C5a, Immunology, 28, 1067

Haeffner-Cavaillon, 1987, C3a(C3adesArg) induces production and release of interleukin 1 by cultured human monocytes, J Immunol, 139, 794, 10.4049/jimmunol.139.3.794

Takabayashi, 1996, A new biologic role for C3a and C3a desArg: regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta synthesis, J Immunol, 156, 3455, 10.4049/jimmunol.156.9.3455

Damerau, 1980, Aggregation of leukocytes induced by the complement-derived peptides C3a and C5a and by three synthetic formyl-methionyl peptides, Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 63, 159, 10.1159/000232622

Mrowietz, 2001, Psoriasis scales contain C5a as the predominant chemotaxin for monocyte-derived dendritic cells, Exp Dermatol, 10, 238, 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2001.100403.x

Burgi, 1994, The degradation product of the C5a anaphylatoxin C5a desArg retains basophil-activating properties, Eur J Immunol, 24, 1583, 10.1002/eji.1830240720

Raftos, 2002, A complement component C3-like protein from the tunicate, Styela plicata, Dev Comp Immunol, 26, 307, 10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00080-5

Pinto, 2003, CiC3-1a-mediated chemotaxis in the deuterostome invertebrate Ciona intestinalis (Urochordata), J Immunol, 171, 5521, 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5521

Newton, 1994, Chemotactic responses of hagfish (Vertebrata, Agnatha) leucocytes, Dev Comp Immunol, 18, 295, 10.1016/S0145-305X(94)90355-7

Rotllant, 2004, Generation, purification and functional characterization of three C3a anaphylatoxins in rainbow trout: role in leukocyte chemotaxis and respiratory burst, Dev Comp Immunol, 28, 815, 10.1016/j.dci.2003.11.001

Kato, 2004, Purification and functional assessment of C3a, C4a and C5a of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) complement, Dev Comp Immunol, 28, 901, 10.1016/j.dci.2004.01.006

Boshra, 2004, Production of recombinant C5a from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): role in leucocyte chemotaxis and respiratory burst, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 17, 293, 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.04.002

Holland, 2004, A functional C5a anaphylatoxin receptor in a teleost species, J Immunol, 172, 349, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.349

Li, 2004, Anaphylatoxin-like molecules generated during complement activation induce a dramatic enhancement of particle uptake in rainbow trout phagocytes, Dev Comp Immunol, 28, 1005, 10.1016/j.dci.2004.03.004

Fujita, 2002, Evolution of the lectin-complement pathway and its role in innate immunity, Nat Rev Immunol, 2, 346, 10.1038/nri800

Sekine, 2001, An ancient lectin-dependent complement system in an ascidian: novel lectin isolated from the plasma of the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, J Immunol, 167, 4504, 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4504

Matsushita, 2004, Origin of the classical complement pathway: Lamprey orthologue of mammalian C1q acts as a lectin, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 10127, 10.1073/pnas.0402180101

Vitved, 2000, The homologue of mannose-binding lectin in the carp family Cyprinidae is expressed at high level in spleen, and the deduced primary structure predicts affinity for galactose, Immunogenetics, 51, 955, 10.1007/s002510000232

Arason, 1996, Lectins as defence molecules in vertebrates and invertebrates, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 6, 277, 10.1006/fsim.1996.0029

Crawford DL, Oleksiak MF, Kolell KJ, Paschall J, VanWye J, Roach JL, et al. Fundulus functional genomics: EST database for teleost fish. Unpublished results (GenBank accession number CN981576) 2004.

Kocabas, 2002, Expression profile of the channel catfish spleen: analysis of genes involved in immune functions, Mar Biotechnol (NY), 4, 526, 10.1007/s10126-002-0067-0

Fock, 2001, Roles of an endogenous serum lectin in the immune protection of blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallus) against Aeromonas hydrophila, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 11, 101, 10.1006/fsim.2000.0297

Fock, 2000, Isolation and characterisation of a serum lectin from blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallus), Fish Shellfish Immunol, 10, 489, 10.1006/fsim.2000.0262

Nakao, 2003, Expansion of genes encoding complement components in bony fish: biological implications of the complement diversity, Dev Comp Immunol, 27, 749, 10.1016/S0145-305X(03)00076-4

Ji, 1997, Ancient origin of the complement lectin pathway revealed by molecular cloning of mannan binding protein-associated serine protease from a urochordate, the Japanese ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 6340, 10.1073/pnas.94.12.6340

Wang, 2003, Complete sequencing and expression of three complement components, C1r, C4 and C1 inhibitor, of the classical activation pathway of the complement system in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Immunogenetics, 55, 615, 10.1007/s00251-003-0622-5

Nagai, 2000, A novel truncated isoform of the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Immunogenetics, 51, 193, 10.1007/s002510050031

Nakao, 2001, Molecular cloning of the complement C1r/C1s/MASP2-like serine proteases from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Immunogenetics, 52, 255, 10.1007/s002510000273

Whitehead, 1985, Molecular biology of the human and mouse MHC class III genes: phylogenetic conservation, genetics and regulation of expression, Immunol Rev, 87, 185, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1985.tb01150.x

Whaley, 1997, Complement and complement deficiencies, Semin Liver Dis, 17, 297, 10.1055/s-2007-1007206

Sunyer, 1998, Cloning, structure, and function of two rainbow trout Bf molecules, J Immunol, 161, 4106, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.8.4106

Nakao, 2002, Diversity of complement factor B/C2 in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): three isotypes of B/C2-A expressed in different tissues, Dev Comp Immunol, 26, 533, 10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00083-0

Kuroda, 1996, Molecular cloning and linkage analysis of the Japanese medaka fish complement Bf/C2 gene, Immunogenetics, 44, 459, 10.1007/BF02602808

Gongora, 1998, Independent duplications of Bf and C3 complement genes in the zebrafish, Scand J Immunol, 48, 651, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00457.x

Yano, 1994, Isolation of a carp complement protein homologous to mammalian factor D, Mol Immunol, 31, 337, 10.1016/0161-5890(94)90111-2

Hajnik, 1998, Characterization of a ribonucleic acid transcript from the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) ovary with structural similarities to mammalian adipsin/complement factor D and tissue kallikrein, and the effects of kallikrein-like serine proteases on follicle contraction, Biol Reprod, 58, 887, 10.1095/biolreprod58.4.887

Dodds, 1998, The phylogeny and evolution of the thioester bond-containing proteins C3, C4 and alpha 2-macroglobulin, Immunol Rev, 166, 15, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01249.x

Sunyer, 1998, Complement diversity: a mechanism for generating immune diversity?, Immunol Today, 19, 519, 10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01341-3

Kuroda, 2000, Molecular cloning and linkage analysis of complement C3 and C4 genes of the Japanese medaka fish, Immunogenetics, 51, 117, 10.1007/s002510050020

Lange, 2004, Isolation and characterization of complement component C3 from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.), Fish Shellfish Immunol, 16, 227, 10.1016/S1050-4648(03)00081-0

Abelseth, 2003, The spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor Olafsen) complement component C3: isolation, characterisation and tissue distribution, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 15, 13, 10.1016/S1050-4648(02)00135-3

Nonaka, 1998, Molecular genetics of the complement C3 convertases in lower vertebrates, Immunol Rev, 166, 59, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01252.x

Zarkadis, 2001, Cloning and structure of three rainbow trout C3 molecules: a plausible explanation for their functional diversity, Dev Comp Immunol, 25, 11, 10.1016/S0145-305X(00)00039-2

Pangburn, 2000, Molecular mechanisms of target recognition in an innate immune system: interactions among factor H, C3b, and target in the alternative pathway of human complement, J Immunol, 164, 4742, 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4742

Sahu, 1998, Structure, functions, and evolution of the third complement component and viral molecular mimicry, Immunol Res, 17, 109, 10.1007/BF02786436

Lange, 2004, An immunohistochemical study on complement component C3 in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.), Dev Comp Immunol, 28, 593, 10.1016/j.dci.2003.10.006

Lange, 2004, The ontogeny of complement component C3 in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)–an immunohistochemical study, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 16, 359, 10.1016/j.fsi.2003.06.001

Moulds, 2001, Ethnic diversity of class III genes in autoimmune disease, Front Biosci, 6, D986, 10.2741/Moulds

Law, 1984, A comparison of the properties of two classes, C4A and C4B, of the human complement component C4, EMBO J, 3, 1819, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02052.x

Dodds, 1998, Isolation and initial characterisation of complement components C3 and C4 of the nurse shark and the channel catfish, Dev Comp Immunol, 22, 207, 10.1016/S0145-305X(98)00002-0

Samonte, 2002, Linkage relationships of genes coding for alpha2-macroglobulin, C3 and C4 in the zebrafish: implications for the evolution of the complement and Mhc systems, Scand J Immunol, 56, 344, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01154.x

Muller-Eberhard, 1985, The killer molecule of complement, J Invest Dermatol, 85, 47s, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12275445

Franchini, 2001, Cloning and purification of the rainbow trout fifth component of complement (C5), Dev Comp Immunol, 25, 419, 10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00010-6

Nonaka, 1981, The complement system in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). II. Purification and characterization of the fifth component (C5), J Immunol, 126, 1495, 10.4049/jimmunol.126.4.1495

Kato, 2003, The complement component C5 of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): cDNA cloning of two distinct isotypes that differ in a functional site, Immunogenetics, 54, 807, 10.1007/s00251-002-0528-7

Nonaka, 1981, The complement system of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). I. Identification of the serum lytic system homologous to mammalian complement, J Immunol, 126, 1489, 10.4049/jimmunol.126.4.1489

Zarkadis I, Chondrou M. Cloning of the sixth component of complement in rainbow trout. Unpublished results (GenBank accession number CAF22026) 2004.

Zarkadis, 2004, Cloning of C8 alpha component in rainbow trout, Unpublished results–Genbank accession number, CAH65481

Zarkadis, 2005, Molecular cloning of the seventh component of complement in rainbow trout, Dev Comp Immunol, 29, 95, 10.1016/j.dci.2004.06.006

Tomlinson, 1993, Domain structure, functional activity, and polymerization of trout complement protein C9, Dev Comp Immunol, 17, 67, 10.1016/0145-305X(93)90016-J

Nakao, 1996, Terminal components of carp complement constituting a membrane attack complex, Mol Immunol, 33, 933, 10.1016/S0161-5890(96)00053-3

Yeo, 1997, Cloning and sequencing of complement component C9 and its linkage to DOC-2 in the pufferfish Fugu rubripes, Gene, 200, 203, 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00423-X

Katagiri, 1999, Molecular analysis of complement component C8beta and C9 cDNAs of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Immunogenetics, 50, 43, 10.1007/s002510050684

Molina, 2004, Complement and immunity, Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 30, 1, 10.1016/S0889-857X(03)00113-3

Kemper, 1998, The complement cofactor protein (SBP1) from the barred sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer) mediates overlapping regulatory activities of both human C4b binding protein and factor H, J Biol Chem, 273, 19398, 10.1074/jbc.273.31.19398

Nakao, 2003, Molecular cloning of the complement regulatory factor I isotypes from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Immunogenetics, 54, 801, 10.1007/s00251-002-0518-9

Nakao, 2004, A complement C3 fragment equivalent to mammalian C3d from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): generation in serum after activation of the alternative pathway and detection of its receptor on the lymphocyte surface, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 16, 139, 10.1016/S1050-4648(03)00057-3

Ohno, 2000, A putative chemoattractant receptor, C5L2, is expressed in granulocyte and immature dendritic cells, but not in mature dendritic cells, Mol Immunol, 37, 407, 10.1016/S0161-5890(00)00067-5

Okinaga, 2003, C5L2, a nonsignaling C5A binding protein, Biochemistry, 42, 9406, 10.1021/bi034489v

Fujiki, 2003, Molecular cloning and characterization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) C5a anaphylatoxin receptor, Immunogenetics, 55, 640, 10.1007/s00251-003-0623-4

Boshra, 2004, Cloning, expression, cellular distribution, and role in chemotaxis of a C5a receptor in rainbow trout: the first identification of a C5a receptor in a nonmammalian species, J Immunol, 172, 4381, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4381

Miles, 2001, Effect of macrophages and serum of fish susceptible or resistant to epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) on the EUS pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 11, 569, 10.1006/fsim.2001.0334

Ellis, 2001, Innate host defense mechanisms of fish against viruses and bacteria, Dev Comp Immunol, 25, 827, 10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00038-6

LaPatra, 1996, The use of serological techniques for virus surveillance and certification of finfish, Annu Rev Fish Dis, 6, 15, 10.1016/S0959-8030(96)90003-4

Lorenzen, 1999, Immunity to rhabdoviruses in rainbow trout: the antibody response, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 9, 345, 10.1006/fsim.1999.0194

Lorenzen, 1999, Immunity to VHS virus in rainbow trout, Aquaculture, 172, 41, 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00443-8

LaPatra, 2004, Complement dependent neutralization of rhabodviruses of rainbow trout: a model system, 6th international symposium on fish immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, 33

Yano, 1996, The non-specific immune system: humoral defense

Woo, 2003, Cryptobia (Trypanoplasma) salmositica and salmonid cryptobiosis, J Fish Dis, 26, 627, 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00500.x

Holland, 2002, The complement system in teleosts, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 12, 399, 10.1006/fsim.2001.0408

Buchmann, 2002, Interactions between monogenean parasites and their fish hosts, Int J Parasitol, 32, 309, 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00332-0

Buchmann, 1999, Immune mechanisms in fish skin against monogeneans–a model, Folia Parasitol, 46, 1

Buchmann, 1998, Binding and lethal effect of complement from Oncorhynchus mykiss on Gyrodactylus derjavini (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea), Dis Aquat Organ, 32, 195, 10.3354/dao032195

Harris, 1998, Killing of Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) mediated by host complement, Parasitology, 117, 137, 10.1017/S003118209800287X

Sigh, 2004, The parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis induces expression of immune relevant genes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), J Fish Dis, 27, 409, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00558.x

Rubio-Godoy, 2004, Evidence of complement-mediated killing of Discocotyle sagittata (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) oncomiracidia, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 17, 95, 10.1016/j.fsi.2003.11.005

Scharsack, 2004, Some immune parameters in carp Cyprinus carpio susceptible and resistant to the haemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli, Dis Aquat Organ, 60, 41, 10.3354/dao060041

Plouffe, 2004, Enzyme treatment of Trypanosoma danilewskyi (Laveran and Mesnil) increases its susceptibility to lysis by the alternative complement pathway of goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), J Fish Dis, 27, 277, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00541.x

Ellis, 1999, Immunity to bacteria in fish, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 9, 291, 10.1006/fsim.1998.0192

Holland, 2002, The complement system in teleosts, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 12, 399, 10.1006/fsim.2001.0408

Wiklund, 2002, Survival of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) serum in vitro, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 12, 141, 10.1006/fsim.2001.0360

Ourth, 1987, Bacterial sialic acid modulates activation of the alternative complement pathway of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), Dev Comp Immunol, 11, 551, 10.1016/0145-305X(87)90044-9

Jarvis, 1987, Sialic acid of group B Neisseria meningitidis regulates alternative complement pathway activation, Infect Immun, 36, 1069

Barnes, 2004, Role of capsule in serotypic differences and complement fixation by Lactococcus garvieae, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 16, 207, 10.1016/S1050-4648(03)00079-2

Barnes, 2003, Streptococcus iniae: serological differences, presence of capsule and resistance to immune serum killing, Dis Aquat Organ, 53, 241, 10.3354/dao053241

Boesen, 1999, Bactericidal activity by subagglutinating levels of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) antiserum to Vibrio anguillarum serogroup O1, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 9, 633, 10.1006/fsim.1999.0216

Boesen, 1999, Vibrio anguillarum resistance to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) serum: role of O-antigen structure of lipopolysaccharide, Infect Immun, 67, 294, 10.1128/IAI.67.1.294-301.1999

Cuesta, 2003, Effects of different stressor agents on gilthead seabream natural cytotoxic activity, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 15, 433, 10.1016/S1050-4648(03)00022-6

Yin, 1995, The effects of crowding stress on the nonspecific immune-response in fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), Fish Shellfish Immunol, 5, 519, 10.1016/S1050-4648(95)80052-2

Ortuno, 2001, Effects of short-term crowding stress on the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) innate immune response, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 11, 187, 10.1006/fsim.2000.0304

Montero, 1999, High stocking density produces crowding stress altering some physiological and biochemical parameters in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, juveniles, Fish Physiol Biochem, 20, 53, 10.1023/A:1007719928905

Sunyer, 1995, Physiological responses and depression of humoral components of the immune system in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) following daily acute stress, Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 52, 2339, 10.1139/f95-826

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