Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials for energy and environmental applications
Tóm tắt
Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO2 materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO2 nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO2 materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Chen, 2014, Introduction: titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials, Chem Rev, 114, 9281, 10.1021/cr500422r
Ma, 2014, Titanium dioxide-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic fuel generations, Chem Rev, 114, 9987, 10.1021/cr500008u
Lee, 2014, One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials: nanotubes, Chem Rev, 114, 9385, 10.1021/cr500061m
Wang, 2014, Titanium oxide nanosheets: graphene analogues with versatile functionalities, Chem Rev, 114, 9455, 10.1021/cr400627u
Sang, 2014, TiO2 nanoparticles as functional building blocks, Chem Rev, 114, 9283, 10.1021/cr400629p
Zhang, 2012, Mesoporous titania: from synthesis to application, Nano Today, 7, 344, 10.1016/j.nantod.2012.06.012
Wei, 2017, New insight into the synthesis of large-pore ordered mesoporous materials, J Am Chem Soc, 139, 1706, 10.1021/jacs.6b11411
Li, 2016, Mesoporous materials for energy conversion and storage devices, Nat Rev Mater, 1, 16023, 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.23
Boyjoo, 2016, Synthesis and applications of porous non-silica metal oxide submicrospheres, Chem Soc Rev, 45, 6013, 10.1039/C6CS00060F
Shen, 2018, Titanium dioxide nanostructures for photoelectrochemical applications, Prog Mater Sci, 98, 299, 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.07.006
Bagheri, 2015, Progress on mesoporous titanium dioxide: synthesis, modification and applications, Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 218, 206, 10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.05.028
Mei, 2018, Phosphorus-based mesoporous materials for energy storage and conversion, Joule, 2, 2289, 10.1016/j.joule.2018.08.001
Wang, 2014, One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials: nanowires, nanorods, and nanobelts, Chem Rev, 114, 9346, 10.1021/cr400633s
Fattakhova-Rohlfing, 2014, Three-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials, Chem Rev, 114, 9487, 10.1021/cr500201c
Garnett, 2019, Introduction: 1D nanomaterials/nanowires, Chem Rev, 119, 8955, 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00423
Xu, 2015, Highly ordered three-dimensional Ni-TiO2 nanoarrays as sodium ion battery anodes, Chem Mater, 27, 4274, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00633
Liu, 2016, Surfactant-templating strategy for ultrathin mesoporous TiO2 coating on flexible graphitized carbon supports for high-performance lithium-ion battery, Nano Energy, 25, 80, 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.028
He, 2019, Dual-template synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes with structure-enhanced functional photocatalytic performance, Appl Catal B Environ, 250, 301, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.03.027
Chen, 2018, Hierarchically ordered mesoporous TiO2 nanofiber bundles derived from natural collagen fibers for lithium and sodium storage, J Alloy Comp, 731, 844, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.116
Wang, 2018, Hierarchically micro-/nanostructured TiO2/micron carbon fibers composites for long-life and fast-charging lithium-ion batteries, ChemElectroChem, 5, 540, 10.1002/celc.201700946
Lavanya, 2014, Superior photocatalytic performance of reduced graphene oxide wrapped electrospun anatase mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers, J Alloy Comp, 615, 643, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.088
Wang, 2019, Distorted 1T-ReS2 nanosheets anchored on porous TiO2 nanofibers for highly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 11, 23144, 10.1021/acsami.9b03772
Hou, 2018, Significantly improved photocatalytic hydrogen production activity over ultrafine mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers photocatalysts, ChemistrySelect, 2, 10126, 10.1002/slct.201801280
Hao, 2015, Mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers with controllable Au loadings for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Mater Sci Semicond Process, 40, 621, 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.07.026
Tang, 2013, Multichannel hollow TiO2 nanofibers fabricated by single-nozzle electrospinning and their application for fast lithium storage, Electrochem Commun, 28, 54, 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.12.005
Zhang, 2012, Novel hollow mesoporous 1D TiO2 nanofibers as photovoltaic and photocatalytic materials, Nanoscale, 4, 1707, 10.1039/c2nr11251e
Hou, 2014, General strategy for fabricating thoroughly mesoporous nanofibers, J Am Chem Soc, 136, 16716, 10.1021/ja508840c
Hou, 2015, Efficient photocatalytic activities of TiO2 hollow fibers with mixed phases and mesoporous walls, Sci Rep, 5, 15228, 10.1038/srep15228
Chattopadhyay, 2019, In situ synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers surface-decorated with AuAg alloy nanoparticles anchored by heterojunction exhibiting enhanced solar active photocatalysis, Langmuir, 35, 14364, 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02361
Zhang, 2010, Anatase mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers with high surface area for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, Small, 6, 2176, 10.1002/smll.201000759
Wu, 2016, Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanofibers as anode materials for high performance sodium-ion batteries, Small, 12, 3522, 10.1002/smll.201600606
Liu, 2016, Fabrication of 3 D mesoporous black TiO2/MoS2/TiO2 nanosheets for visible-light-driven photocatalysis, ChemSusChem, 9, 1118, 10.1002/cssc.201600170
Cho, 2015, A highly photoactive, visible-light-driven graphene/2D mesoporous TiO2 photocatalyst, Green Chem, 17, 3972, 10.1039/C5GC00641D
Butburee, 2018, 2D porous TiO2 single-crystalline nanostructure demonstrating high photo-electrochemical water splitting performance, Adv Mater, 30, e1705666, 10.1002/adma.201705666
Li, 2015, General strategy to synthesize uniform mesoporous TiO2/graphene/mesoporous TiO2 sandwich-like nanosheets for highly reversible lithium storage, Nano Lett, 15, 2186, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00291
Qiu, 2014, Mesoporous TiO2 nanocrystals grown in situ on graphene aerogels for high photocatalysis and lithium-ion batteries, J Am Chem Soc, 136, 5852, 10.1021/ja500873u
Lan, 2018, Uniform ordered two-dimensional mesoporous TiO2 nanosheets from hydrothermal-induced solvent-confined monomicelle assembly, J Am Chem Soc, 140, 4135, 10.1021/jacs.8b00909
Fan, 2006, Nanoparticle assembly of ordered multicomponent mesostructured metal oxides via a versatile sol-gel process, Chem Mater, 18, 6391, 10.1021/cm062359d
Tian, 2003, Self-adjusted synthesis of ordered stable mesoporous minerals by acid-base pairs, Nat Mater, 2, 159, 10.1038/nmat838
Lee, 2008, Direct access to thermally stable and highly crystalline mesoporous transition-metal oxides with uniform pores, Nat Mater, 7, 222, 10.1038/nmat2111
Zou, 2019, sp2-Hybridized carbon-containing block copolymer templated synthesis of mesoporous semiconducting metal oxides with excellent gas sensing property, Acc Chem Res, 52, 714, 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00598
Li, 2017, A shifted double-diamond titania scaffold, Angew Chem Int Ed, 56, 806, 10.1002/anie.201611012
Zhang, 2010, Synthesis of highly stable and crystalline mesoporous anatase by using a simple surfactant sulfuric acid carbonization method, Chem Eur J, 16, 9977, 10.1002/chem.201001241
Zhou, 2011, Well-ordered large-pore mesoporous anatase TiO2 with remarkably high thermal stability and improved crystallinity: preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic performance, Adv Funct Mater, 21, 1922, 10.1002/adfm.201002535
Buonsanti, 2012, Assembly of ligand-stripped nanocrystals into precisely controlled mesoporous architectures, Nano Lett, 12, 3872, 10.1021/nl302206s
Crossland, 2013, Mesoporous TiO2 single crystals delivering enhanced mobility and optoelectronic device performance, Nature, 495, 215, 10.1038/nature11936
Zheng, 2013, Mesoporous TiO2 single crystals: facile shape-, size-, and phase-controlled growth and efficient photocatalytic performance, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 5, 11249, 10.1021/am403482g
Cai, 2017, Synergetic enhancement of light harvesting and charge separation over surface-disorder-engineered TiO2 photonic crystals, Chem, 2, 877, 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.05.006
Wang, 2019, Hierarchical mesoporous silica microspheres as unique hard-template for preparation of hierarchical mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with trimodal mesoporosities via nanocasting, Ceram Int, 45, 16521, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.05.186
Wang, 2019, Confinement synthesis of hierarchical ordered macro-/mesoporous TiO2 nanostructures with high crystallization for photodegradation, Chem Phys, 516, 48, 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.025
Yang, 2017, Dually ordered porous TiO2-rGO composites with controllable light absorption properties for efficient solar energy conversion, Adv Mater, 29, 1604795, 10.1002/adma.201604795
Dong, 2019, Mesoporous anatase crystal-silica nanocomposites with large intrawall mesopores presenting quite excellent photocatalytic performances, Appl Catal B Environ, 246, 284, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.055
Dong, 2017, Three-dimensional interconnected mesoporous anatase TiO2 exhibiting unique photocatalytic performances, Appl Catal B Environ, 217, 293, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.05.083
Sun, 2012, Facile fabrication and high photoelectric properties of hierarchically ordered porous TiO2, Chem Mater, 24, 3800, 10.1021/cm302464g
Li, 2015, Bio-templated synthesis of hierarchically ordered macro-mesoporous anatase titanium dioxide flakes with high photocatalytic activity, RSC Adv, 5, 15572, 10.1039/C4RA13410A
Jin, 2014, Design of new anode materials based on hierarchical, three dimensional ordered macro-mesoporous TiO2 for high performance lithium ion batteries, J Mater Chem A, 2, 9699, 10.1039/c4ta01775g
Qian, 2017, Mesoporous TiO2 films coated on carbon foam based on waste polyurethane for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs, Appl Catal B Environ, 212, 1, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.04.059
Nagpure, 2018, Layer-by-layer synthesis of thick mesoporous TiO2 films with vertically oriented accessible nanopores and their application for lithium-ion battery negative electrodes, Adv Funct Mater, 28, 1801849, 10.1002/adfm.201801849
Sharma, 2019, Crystal growth in mesoporous TiO2 optical thin films, J Phys Chem C, 123, 6070, 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00141
Kong, 2016, Incorporation of well-dispersed sub-5-nm graphitic pencil nanodots into ordered mesoporous frameworks, Nat Chem, 8, 171, 10.1038/nchem.2405
Docampo, 2012, Triblock-terpolymer-directed self-assembly of mesoporous TiO2: high-performance photoanodes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, Adv Energy Mater, 2, 676, 10.1002/aenm.201100699
Feng, 2013, Multi-layered mesoporous TiO2 thin films with large pores and highly crystalline frameworks for efficient photoelectrochemical conversion, J Mater Chem A, 1, 1591, 10.1039/C2TA00588C
Kao, 2015, A general method for growing large area mesoporous silica thin films on flat substrates with perpendicular nanochannels, J Am Chem Soc, 137, 3779, 10.1021/jacs.5b01180
Wu, 2006, Formation of highly ordered mesoporous titania films consisting of crystalline nanopillars with inverse mesospace by structural transformation, J Am Chem Soc, 128, 4544, 10.1021/ja060453p
Shan, 2012, A facile approach for controlling the orientation of one-dimensional mesochannels in mesoporous titania films, J Am Chem Soc, 134, 20238, 10.1021/ja309168f
Zhang, 2014, Ordered macro-/mesoporous anatase films with high thermal stability and crystallinity for photoelectrocatalytic water-splitting, Adv Energy Mater, 4, 1301725, 10.1002/aenm.201301725
Nursam, 2015, Macro-/mesoporous titania thin films: analysing the effect of pore architecture on photocatalytic activity using high-throughput screening, J Mater Chem A, 3, 24557, 10.1039/C5TA08959J
Chen, 2013, Recent progress in the synthesis of spherical titania nanostructures and their applications, Adv Funct Mater, 23, 1356, 10.1002/adfm.201201880
Zhao, 2016, Hierarchical ordered macro/mesoporous titania with a highly interconnected porous structure for efficient photocatalysis, J Mater Chem A, 4, 16446, 10.1039/C6TA06849A
Chen, 2010, Synthesis of monodisperse mesoporous titania beads with controllable diameter, high surface areas, and variable pore diameters (14-23 nm), J Am Chem Soc, 132, 4438, 10.1021/ja100040p
Xiao, 2018, Hierarchically dual-mesoporous TiO2 microspheres for enhanced photocatalytic properties and lithium storage, Chem Eur J, 24, 13246, 10.1002/chem.201801933
Zhu, 2017, Mesoporous TiO2@N-doped carbon composite nanospheres synthesized by the direct carbonization of surfactants after sol-gel process for superior lithium storage, Nanoscale, 9, 1539, 10.1039/C6NR08885F
Zhu, 2016, Synthesis of monodisperse mesoporous TiO2 nanospheres from a simple double-surfactant assembly-directed method for lithium storage, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 8, 25586, 10.1021/acsami.6b06534
Yang, 2013, Hierarchical TiO2 photonic crystal spheres prepared by spray drying for highly efficient photocatalysis, J Mater Chem A, 1, 541, 10.1039/C2TA00060A
Pal, 2016, Scalable synthesis of mesoporous titania microspheres via spray-drying method, J Colloid Interface Sci, 479, 150, 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.06.063
Yu, 2018, Scalable synthesis of wrinkled mesoporous titania microspheres with uniform large micron sizes for efficient removal of Cr(VI), J Mater Chem A, 6, 3954, 10.1039/C8TA00488A
Li, 2014, Template-free synthesis of uniform magnetic mesoporous TiO2 nanospindles for highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptides, Mater Horiz, 1, 439, 10.1039/c4mh00030g
Liu, 2015, Radially oriented mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with single-crystal-like anatase walls for high-efficiency optoelectronic devices, Sci Adv, 1, e1500166, 10.1126/sciadv.1500166
Liu, 2015, Mesoporous TiO2 mesocrystals: remarkable defects-induced crystallite-interface reactivity and their in situ conversion to single crystals, ACS Cent Sci, 1, 400, 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00256
Zhang, 2019, Synthesis of uniform ordered mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with controllable phase junctions for efficient solar water splitting, Chem Sci, 10, 1664, 10.1039/C8SC04155E
Xiong, 2019, Controllable synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 polymorphs with tunable crystal structure for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production, Adv Energy Mater, 9, 1901634, 10.1002/aenm.201901634
Lan, 2018, Mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with precisely controlled crystallites and architectures, Chem, 4, 2436, 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.08.008
Liu, 2016, Ordered macro/mesoporous TiO2 hollow microspheres with highly crystalline thin shells for high-efficiency photoconversion, Small, 12, 860, 10.1002/smll.201503420
Zhao, 2016, Monodisperse mesoporous TiO2 microspheres for dye sensitized solar cells, Nano Energy, 26, 16, 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.050
Gawande, 2015, Core-shell nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in catalysis and electrocatalysis, Chem Soc Rev, 44, 7540, 10.1039/C5CS00343A
Li, 2018, Core-shell structured titanium dioxide nanomaterials for solar energy utilization, Chem Soc Rev, 47, 8203, 10.1039/C8CS00443A
Li, 2012, A versatile kinetics-controlled coating method to construct uniform porous TiO2 shells for multifunctional core-shell structures, J Am Chem Soc, 134, 11864, 10.1021/ja3037146
Zhao, 2018, Magnetic mesoporous TiO2 microspheres for sustainable arsenate removal from acidic environments, Inorg Chem Front, 5, 2132, 10.1039/C8QI00588E
Guan, 2016, A universal cooperative assembly-directed method for coating of mesoporous TiO2 nanoshells with enhanced lithium storage properties, Sci Adv, 2, e1501554, 10.1126/sciadv.1501554
Lan, 2019, Confined interfacial monomicelle assembly for precisely controlled coating of single-layered titania mesopores, Matter, 1, 527, 10.1016/j.matt.2019.03.003
Liu, 2015, Graphitic carbon conformal coating of mesoporous TiO2 hollow spheres for high-performance lithium ion battery anodes, J Am Chem Soc, 137, 13161, 10.1021/jacs.5b08743
Wang, 2016, A quasi-solid-state Li-ion capacitor based on porous TiO2 hollow microspheres wrapped with graphene nanosheets, Small, 12, 6207, 10.1002/smll.201602331
Hu, 2016, Facile strategy for controllable synthesis of stable mesoporous black TiO2 hollow spheres with efficient solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, J Mater Chem A, 4, 7495, 10.1039/C6TA01928E
Wang, 2016, Hollow TiO2-x porous microspheres composed of well-crystalline nanocrystals for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, Nano Res, 9, 165, 10.1007/s12274-015-0976-7
Joo, 2012, Mesoporous anatase titania hollow nanostructures though silica-protected calcination, Adv Funct Mater, 22, 166, 10.1002/adfm.201101927
Joo, 2012, Control of the nanoscale crystallinity in mesoporous TiO2 shells for enhanced photocatalytic activity, Energy Environ Sci, 5, 6321, 10.1039/C1EE02533C
Zhang, 2019, Design of heterostructured hollow photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical energy conversion, Adv Mater, 31, 1900281, 10.1002/adma.201900281
Wang, 2019, Hollow multishelled structures for promising applications: understanding the structure-performance correlation, Acc Chem Res, 52, 2169, 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00112
Ren, 2014, Multishelled TiO2 hollow microspheres as anodes with superior reversible capacity for lithium ion batteries, Nano Lett, 14, 6679, 10.1021/nl503378a
Wei, 2019, Constructing SrTiO3-TiO2 heterogeneous hollow multi-shelled structures for enhanced solar water splitting, Angew Chem Int Ed, 58, 1422, 10.1002/anie.201812364
Ren, 2019, Hollow multishelled heterostructured anatase/TiO2(B) with superior rate capability and cycling performance, Adv Mater, 31, 1805754, 10.1002/adma.201805754
Salhabi, 2019, Hollow multi-shelled structural TiO2-x with multiple spatial confinement for long-life lithium-sulfur batteries, Angew Chem Int Ed, 58, 9078, 10.1002/anie.201903295
Gesesse, 2019, Enhanced photogenerated charge carriers and photocatalytic activity of biotemplated mesoporous TiO2 films with a chiral nematic structure, Chem Mater, 31, 4851, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01465
Xue, 2017, Cellulose nanocrystal-templated synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 with dominantly exposed (001) facets for efficient catalysis, ACS Sustain Chem Eng, 5, 3721, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00341
Zhang, 2009, Novel photoanode structure templated from butterfly wing scales, Chem Mater, 21, 33, 10.1021/cm702458p
Hernández-Gordillo, 2018, Mesoporous TiO2 synthesis using a semi-hard biological template, Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 270, 140, 10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.05.014
Mohamed, 2017, Carbon as amorphous shell and interstitial dopant in mesoporous rutile TiO2: bio-template assisted sol-gel synthesis and photocatalytic activity, Appl Surf Sci, 393, 46, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.09.145
Li, 2015, Yeast bio-template synthesis of porous anatase TiO2 and potential application as an anode for sodium-ion batteries, Electrochim Acta, 182, 596, 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.115
Liu, 2017, Constructing three-dimensional mesoporous bouquet-posy-like TiO2 superstructures with radially oriented mesochannels and single-crystal walls, J Am Chem Soc, 139, 517, 10.1021/jacs.6b11641
Lin, 2016, Hollow mesoporous TiO2 microspheres for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen in water, Chemosphere, 152, 490, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.017
Shu, 2018, Promotional role of Mn doping on catalytic oxidation of VOCs over mesoporous TiO2 under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation, Appl Catal B Environ, 220, 78, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.019
Chen, 2019, Synthesis of visible light responsive iodine-doped mesoporous TiO2 by using biological renewable lignin as template for degradation of toxic organic pollutants, Appl Catal B Environ, 252, 152, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.04.034
El-Sheikh, 2017, Visible light activated carbon and nitrogen co-doped mesoporous TiO2 as efficient photocatalyst for degradation of ibuprofen, Sep Purif Technol, 173, 258, 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.034
Chen, 2011, Increasing solar absorption for photocatalysis with black hydrogenated titanium dioxide nanocrystals, Science, 331, 746, 10.1126/science.1200448
Zhang, 2017, Self-floating amphiphilic black TiO2 foams with 3D macro-mesoporous architectures as efficient solar-driven photocatalysts, Appl Catal B Environ, 206, 336, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.01.059
Li, 2018, Surface plasmon resonance-enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic performance from Ag nanoparticle-decorated self-floating porous black TiO2 foams, Appl Catal B Environ, 220, 111, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.023
Chaker, 2016, Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and real wastewater by silver doped mesoporous TiO2 catalysts, J Photochem Photobiol A Chem, 318, 142, 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.11.025
Cai, 2018, Exciton-plasmon interaction between AuNPs/graphene nanohybrids and CdS quantum dots/TiO2 for photoelectrochemical aptasensing of prostate-specific antigen, ACS Sens, 3, 632, 10.1021/acssensors.7b00899
Lian, 2015, C60-decorated CdS/TiO2 mesoporous architectures with enhanced photostability and photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 7, 4533, 10.1021/am5088665
Du, 2011, Hierarchically ordered macro-mesoporous TiO2-graphene composite films: improved mass transfer, reduced charge recombination, and their enhanced photocatalytic activities, ACS Nano, 5, 590, 10.1021/nn102767d
Guayaquil-Sosa, 2017, Photocatalytic hydrogen production using mesoporous TiO2 doped with Pt, Appl Catal B Environ, 211, 337, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.04.029
Zhou, 2014, Ordered mesoporous black TiO2 as highly efficient hydrogen evolution photocatalyst, J Am Chem Soc, 136, 9280, 10.1021/ja504802q
Zhang, 2019, Defect-engineering of mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with phase junctions for efficient visible-light driven fuel production, Nano Energy, 66, 104113, 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104113
Low, 2017, Surface modification and enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of TiO2: a review, Appl Surf Sci, 392, 658, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.09.093
Di, 2018, Hierarchically nanostructured porous TiO2(B) with superior photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, Sci China Chem, 61, 344, 10.1007/s11426-017-9174-9
Wang, 2015, In situ synthesis of ordered mesoporous Co-doped TiO2 and its enhanced photocatalytic activity and selectivity for the reduction of CO2, J Mater Chem A, 3, 9491, 10.1039/C4TA05892E
Bi, 2015, Visible-light photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into methane using Cu2O/TiO2 hollow nanospheres, Chin J Chem, 33, 112, 10.1002/cjoc.201400476
Jiao, 2017, AuPd/3DOM-TiO2 catalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO2: high efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, Appl Catal B Environ, 209, 228, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.076
Wei, 2015, Fabrication of inverse opal TiO2-supported Au@CdS core-shell nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion, Appl Catal B Environ, 179, 422, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.05.041
Tu, 2015, Au@TiO2 yolk-shell hollow spheres for plasmon-induced photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuel via a local electromagnetic field, Nanoscale, 7, 14232, 10.1039/C5NR02943K
Jiao, 2015, Synthesis of 3D ordered macroporous TiO2-supported Au nanoparticle photocatalysts and their photocatalytic performances for the reduction of CO2 to methane, Catal Today, 258, 319, 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.01.030
Liu, 2013, Double shelled hollow nanospheres with dual noble metal nanoparticle encapsulation for enhanced catalytic application, Nanoscale, 5, 9747, 10.1039/c3nr02759g
Zhao, 2019, Single-micelle-directed synthesis of mesoporous materials, Nat Rev Mater, 4, 775, 10.1038/s41578-019-0144-x
Hao, 2015, Mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers with controllable Au loadings for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Mater Sci Semicond Process, 40, 621, 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.07.026
Lee, 2011, A yolk@shell nanoarchitecture for Au/TiO2 catalysts, Angew Chem Int Ed, 50, 10208, 10.1002/anie.201007660
Wu, 2019, PPy-encapsulated SnS2 nanosheets stabilized by defects on a TiO2 support as a durable anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Angew Chem Int Ed, 58, 811, 10.1002/anie.201811784
Chen, 2010, Constructing hierarchical spheres from large ultrathin anatase TiO2 nanosheets with nearly 100% exposed (001) facets for fast reversible lithium storage, J Am Chem Soc, 132, 6124, 10.1021/ja100102y
Huang, 2016, Hierarchical TiO2/C nanocomposite monoliths with a robust scaffolding architecture, mesopore-macropore network and TiO2-C heterostructure for high-performance lithium ion batteries, Nanoscale, 8, 10928, 10.1039/C5NR09149G
Zhang, 2018, Mesoporous TiO2/TiC@C composite membranes with stable TiO2-C interface for robust lithium storage, iScience, 3, 149, 10.1016/j.isci.2018.04.009
Trang, 2015, Mesoporous TiO2 spheres interconnected by multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an anode for high-performance lithium ion batteries, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 7, 3676, 10.1021/am508158v
Guo, 2016, Recent advances in titanium-based electrode materials for stationary sodium-ion batteries, Energy Environ Sci, 9, 2978, 10.1039/C6EE01807F
Ni, 2016, Self-supported nanotube arrays of sulfur-doped TiO2 enabling ultrastable and robust sodium storage, Adv Mater, 28, 2259, 10.1002/adma.201504412
Tahir, 2016, Extraordinary performance of carbon-coated anatase TiO2 as sodium-ion anode, Adv Energy Mater, 6, 1501489, 10.1002/aenm.201501489
Wang, 2016, Double-walled Sb@TiO2-x nanotubes as a superior high-rate and ultralong-lifespan anode material for Na-ion and Li-ion batteries, Adv Mater, 28, 4126, 10.1002/adma.201505918
He, 2018, Structure-dependent performance of TiO2/C as anode material for Na-ion batteries, Nano Energy, 44, 217, 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.077