Recent advances in application of moving bed bioreactors for wastewater treatment from recirculating aquaculture systems: A review

Abakari, 2020, Dynamics of nitrogenous compounds and their control in biofloc technology (BFT) systems: A review, Aquaculture and Fisheries Ahmed, 2021, Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS): Environmental solution and climate change adaptation, Journal of Cleaner Production, 297, 126604, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126604 von Ahnen, 2015, Degradation of urea, ammonia and nitrite in moving bed biofilters operated at different feed loadings, Aquacultural Engineering, 69, 50, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.10.004 Arvin, 2015, Hydrogen peroxide decomposition kinetics in aquaculture water, Aquacultural Engineering, 64, 1, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.12.004 Azaria, 2018, Off-flavor compounds in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS): Production and removal processes, Aquacultural Engineering, 83, 57, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.09.004 Bakke, 2017, Microbial community dynamics in semi-commercial RAS for production of Atlantic salmon post-smolts at different salinities, Aquacultural Engineering, 78, 42, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.10.002 Bassin, 2016, Effect of increasing organic loading rates on the performance of moving-bed biofilm reactors filled with different support media: Assessing the activity of suspended and attached biomass fractions, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 100, 131, 10.1016/j.psep.2016.01.007 Bassin, 2012, Effect of different salt adaptation strategies on the microbial diversity, activity, and settling of nitrifying sludge in sequencing batch reactors, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 93, 1281, 10.1007/s00253-011-3428-7 di Biasea, 2019, Moving bed biofilm reactor technology in municipal wastewater treatment : A review, Journal of Environmental Management, 247, 849, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.053 Biesterfeld, 2003, Effect of alkalinity type and concentration on nitrifying biofilm activity, Water Environment Research, 75, 196, 10.2175/106143003X140971 Blancheton, 2013, Insight into bacterial population in aquaculture systems and its implication, Aquacultural Engineering, 53, 30, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.11.009 Boaventura, 2018, Influence of porosity of low-density polyethylene media on the maturation process of biofilters used in recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquaculture International, 26, 1035, 10.1007/s10499-018-0266-y Brailo, 2019, Bacterial community analysis of marine recirculating aquaculture system bioreactors for complete nitrogen removal established from a commercial inoculum, Aquaculture, 503, 198, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.078 Chen, 2019, Physiological effects of nitrate , ammonium, and urea on the growth and microcystins contamination of Microcystis aeruginosa: Implication for nitrogen mitigation, Water Research, 163, 114890, 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114890 Chen, 2021, Effects of flow velocity on growth and physiology of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquaculture Research, 1–8 Cortés-lorenzo, 2015, Effect of salinity on nitrification efficiency and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in a submerged fixed bed bioreactor, Chemical Engineering Journal, 266, 233, 10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.083 Dalsgaard, 2015, Nitrogen waste from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with particular focus on urea, Aquacultural Engineering, 65, 2, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.10.004 Daneshvar, 2018, Investigation on the feasibility of Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in a mixture of pulp and aquaculture effluents: Treatment of wastewater and lipid extraction, Bioresource Technology, 255, 104, 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.101 Dauda, 2019, Waste production in aquaculture: Sources, components and managements in different culture systems, Aquaculture and Fisheries, 4, 81, 10.1016/j.aaf.2018.10.002 David, 2019, Vol. 10 Davidson, 2011, The effects of ozone and water exchange rates on water quality and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss performance in replicated water recirculating systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 44, 80, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.04.001 Davidson, 2014, Comparing the effects of high vs. low nitrate on the health , performance, and welfare of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss within water recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 59, 30, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.01.003 Davidson, 2017, Evaluating the chronic effects of nitrate on the health and performance of post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in freshwater recirculation aquaculture systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 79, 1, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.08.003 Davidson, 2019, Evaluating the effects of prolonged peracetic acid dosing on water quality and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss performance in recirculation aquaculture systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 84, 117, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.12.009 Dias, 2018, Influence of carrier media physical properties on start-up of moving attached growth systems, Bioresource Technology, 266, 463, 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.096 Díaz, 2011, Kinetics of electro-oxidation of ammonia-N, nitrites and COD from a recirculating aquaculture saline water system using BDD anodes, Water Research, 45, 125, 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.020 Díaz, 2012, Kinetics of nitrogen compounds in a commercial marine Recirculating Aquaculture System, Aquacultural Engineering, 50, 20, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.03.004 Ding, 2018, Long-term stable simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process treating real domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge, Chemical Engineering Journal, 339, 180, 10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.128 Dupla, 2006, Design optimization of a self-cleaning moving-bed bioreactor for seawater denitrification, Water Research, 40, 249, 10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.029 Ebeling, 2006, Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia – nitrogen in aquaculture systems, Aquaculture, 257, 346, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.019 FAO, 2018 FAO, 2020 Feng, 2020, Nitrogen removal characteristics in a biofilm system for recirculating aquaculture wastewater treatment under high-salinity conditions and oligotrophic stress, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 146, 3, 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001709 Fernandes, 2017, Influence of fixed and moving bed biofilters on micro particle dynamics in a recirculating aquaculture system, Aquacultural Engineering, 78, 32, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.09.002 Ferreira, 2020, Strategies for ammonium and nitrite control in Litopenaeus vannamei nursery systems with bioflocs, Aquacultural Engineering, 88, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2019.102040 Fredricks, 2018, Effects of formaldehyde on nitrification in biofilters of small - scale recirculating systems, Aquaculture Research, 1–11 Gao, 2020, Effect of aquaculture salinity on nitrification and microbial community in moving bed bioreactors with immobilized microbial granules, Bioresource Technology, 297, 122427, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122427 Ge, 2015, Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment: A review, Chemosphere, 140, 85, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.004 Gichana, 2018, Waste management in recirculating aquaculture system through bacteria dissimilation and plant assimilation, Aquaculture International, 26, 1541, 10.1007/s10499-018-0303-x Godoy-Olmos, 2016, Influence of filter medium type, temperature and ammonia production on nitrifying trickling filters performance, Journal of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 4, 328, 10.1016/j.jece.2015.11.023 Gonzalez-Silva, 2016, Nitrification at different salinities: Biofilm community composition and physiological plasticity, Water Research, 95, 48, 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.050 Gonçalves, 2011, Ozone application in recirculating aquaculture system: An overview ozone application in recirculating aquaculture system: An overview, Ozone: Science & Engineering, 33, 345, 10.1080/01919512.2011.604595 Guerdat, 2011, EValuating the effects of organic carbon on biological filtration performance in a large scale recirculating aquaculture system, Aquacultural Engineering, 44, 10, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.10.002 Guo, 2020, Biodegradable organic matter-containing ammonium wastewater treatment through simultaneous partial nitritation, anammox, denitrification and COD oxidization process, The Science of the Total Environment, 714, 136740, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136740 Gutierrez-wing, 2012, Evaluation of polyhydroxybutyrate as a carbon source for recirculating aquaculture water denitrification, Aquacultural Engineering, 51, 36, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.07.002 Hamlin, 2008, Comparing denitrification rates and carbon sources in commercial scale upflow denitrification biological filters in aquaculture, Aquacultural Engineering, 38, 79, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.11.003 He, 2017, Influence of salinity on microorganisms in activated sludge processes : A review, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 119, 520, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.10.007 Hu, 2012, Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from aquaculture: A review, Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 6470, 10.1021/es300110x Jeong, 2018, Effects of salinity on nitrification efficiency and bacterial community structure in a nitrifying osmotic membrane bioreactor, Process Biochemistry, 73, 132, 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.008 Jia, 2019, Antioxidative, inflammatory and immune responses in hydrogen peroxide- induced liver injury of tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 84, 894, 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.084 Jiang, 2019, Temporal bacterial community succession during the start-up process of biofilters in a cold-freshwater recirculating aquaculture system, Bioresource Technology, 287, 121, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121441 Kamstra, 2017, Mixing and scale affect moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) performance, Aquacultural Engineering, 78, 9, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.04.004 van Kessel, 2010, Biodiversity of N-cycle bacteria in nitrogen removing moving bed bio fi lters for freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquaculture, 306, 177, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.019 Kinyage, 2016, Impact of temperature on ammonium and nitrite removal rates in RAS moving bed biofilters, Aquacultural Engineering, 75, 51, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.10.006 Kinyage, 2019, Effects of abrupt salinity increase on nitrification processes in a freshwater moving bed biofilter, Aquacultural Engineering, 84, 91, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.12.005 Lazado, 2021, Crowding reshapes the mucosal but not the systemic response repertoires of Atlantic salmon to peracetic acid, Aquaculture, 531, 735830, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735830 Lepine, 2018, Woodchip bioreactors as treatment for recirculating aquaculture systems' wastewater: A cost assessment of nitrogen removal, Aquacultural Engineering, 83, 85, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.09.001 Leyva-Díaz, 2020, Moving bed biofilm reactor as an alternative wastewater treatment process for nutrient removal and recovery in the circular economy model, Bioresource Technology, 299, 122631, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122631 Leyva-Díaz, 2017, Moving bed biofilm reactor to treat wastewater, International journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 14, 881, 10.1007/s13762-016-1169-y Li, 2020, Integration of marine macroalgae (Chaetomorpha maxima) with a moving bed bioreactor for nutrient removal from maricultural wastewater, Archaea, 1, 10.1155/2020/8848120 Li, 2020, 17β-Estradiol removal routes by moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) under various C/N ratios, The Science of the Total Environment, 741, 140381, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140381 Li, 2020, Interaction between 17 β -estradiol degradation and nitrification in mariculture wastewater by Nitrosomonas europaea and MBBR, The Science of the Total Environment, 705, 135846, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135846 Li, 2019, Fast start-up strategies of MBBR for mariculture wastewater treatment, Journal of Environmental Management, 248, 109267, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109267 Li, 2021, Interrelationships between tetracyclines and nitrogen cycling processes mediated by microorganisms: A review, Bioresource Technology, 319, 124036, 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124036 Liu, 2019, Start-up evaluations and biocarriers transfer from a trickling filter to a moving bed bioreactor for synthetic mariculture wastewater treatment, Chemosphere, 218, 696, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.166 Liu, 2019, Adsorption of 17 β -estradiol from aqueous solution by raw and direct/pre/post-KOH treated lotus seedpod biochar, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 87, 10, 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.026 Li, 2017, Biofilm processes in treating mariculture wastewater may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 118, 289, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.003 Luo, 2020, Comparison of nitrate-removal efficiency and bacterial properties using PCL and PHBV polymers as a carbon source to treat aquaculture water, Aquaculture and Fisheries, 5, 92, 10.1016/j.aaf.2019.04.002 Luo, 2018, Nitrate removal efficiency and bacterial community of polycaprolactone-packed bioreactors treating water from a recirculating aquaculture system, Aquaculture International, 26, 773, 10.1007/s10499-018-0251-5 Lu, 2020, Nitrogen removal in recirculating aquaculture water with high dissolved oxygen conditions using the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification system, Bioresource Technology, 305, 123037, 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123037 Mailler, 2014, Biofiltration vs conventional activated sludge plants: What about priority and emerging pollutants removal?, Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 21, 5379, 10.1007/s11356-013-2388-0 Mao, 2017, Accelerated startup of moving bed biofilm process with novel electrophilic suspended biofilm carriers, Chemical Engineering Journal, 315, 364, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.041 Martins, 2010, New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe: A perspective on environmental sustainability, Aquacultural Engineering, 43, 83, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.09.002 Matos, 2014, Influence of tetracycline on the microbial community composition and activity of nitrifying biofilms, Chemosphere, 117, 295, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.094 de Melo Filho, 2020, Application of nitrification and denitrification processes in a direct water reuse system for pacific white shrimp farmed in biofloc system, Aquacultural Engineering, 88, 102043, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2020.102043 Michaud, 2014, C/N ratio-induced structural shift of bacterial communities inside lab-scale aquaculture biofilters, Aquacultural Engineering, 58, 77, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.11.002 Mitchell, 2009, Adaptive prediction of environmental changes by microorganisms, Nature, 460, 220, 10.1038/nature08112 Moga, 2019, New biofilm carriers for wastewater treatment, International Journal of Conservation Science, 10, 1 Möller, 2010, Degradation and effect of hydrogen peroxide in small-scale recirculation aquaculture system biofilters, Aquaculture Research, 41, 1113 Morgan-sagastume, 2018, Biofilm development, activity and the modification of carrier material surface properties in moving- bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) for wastewater treatment, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 48, 439, 10.1080/10643389.2018.1465759 Müller-belecke, 2018, Design and practical test of a compact phosphorus elimination module for freshwater RAS discharge water, Aquaculture International, 26, 1135, 10.1007/s10499-018-0273-z Müller-belecke, 2013, The “ self cleaning inherent gas denitrification-reactor ” for nitrate elimination in RAS for pike perch (Sander lucioperca) production, Aquacultural Engineering, 57, 18, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.06.001 Narayanan, 2019, Biological wastewater treatment and bioreactor design: A review, Sustainable and Environmental Research, 29, 1, 10.1186/s42834-019-0036-1 Navada, 2020, Nitrifying biofilms deprived of organic carbon show higher functional resilience to increases in carbon supply, Scientific Reports, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-64027-y Navada, 2020, A salty start: Brackish water start-up as a microbial management strategy for nitrifying bioreactors with variable salinity, The Science of the Total Environment, 739, 139934, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139934 Navada, 2020, Biofilms remember: Osmotic stress priming as a microbial management strategy for improving salinity acclimation in nitrifying biofilms, Water Research, 176, 1, 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115732 Navada, 2019, Influence of rate of salinity increase on nitrifying biofilms, Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117835, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117835 Ng, 2018, A review of the management of inflow water, wastewater and water reuse by membrane technology for a sustainable production in shrimp farming, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 23, 27, 10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.02.020 Nur, 2018, A review of moving-bed biofilm reactor technology for palm oil mill effluent treatment, Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 1532, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.100 Oren, 2011, Thermodynamic limits to microbial life at highsalt concentrations, Environmental Microbiology, 13, 1908, 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02365.x Owatari, 2018, Synthetic fibre as biological support in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), Aquacultural Engineering, 82, 56, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.06.001 Pedersen, 2015, Nitrification performance and robustness of fixed and moving bed biofilters having identical carrier elements, Aquacultural Engineering, 65, 37, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.10.005 Pedersen, 2019, Assessment of microbial activity in water based on hydrogen peroxide decomposition rates, Aquacultural Engineering, 85, 9, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2019.01.001 Peng, 2019, Enhanced biofilm formation and denitrification in biofilters for advanced nitrogen removal by rhamnolipid addition, Bioresource Technology, 287, 121387, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121387 Pfeiffer, 2011, Evaluation of three types of structured floating plastic media in moving bed biofilters for total ammonia nitrogen removal in a low salinity hatchery recirculating aquaculture system, Aquacultural Engineering, 45, 51, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.06.003 Piculell, 2016, Evaluating the effect of biofilm thickness on nitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors, Environmental Technology, 37, 732, 10.1080/09593330.2015.1080308 Poulsen, 2018, Nitrate: An environmental endocrine disruptor? A review of evidence and research needs, Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 3869, 10.1021/acs.est.7b06419 Pulkkinen, 2019, The effects of different combinations of fixed and moving bed bioreactors on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and health , water quality and nitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 85, 98, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2019.03.004 Pulkkinen, 2018, Startup and effects of relative water renewal rate on water quality and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a unique RAS research platform, Aquacultural Engineering, 82, 38, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.06.003 Qi, 2020, Low concentration peroxymonosulfate and UVA-LED combination for E . coli inactivation and wastewater disinfection from recirculating aquaculture systems, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 36, 101362, 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101362 Rahimi, 2020, Technologies for biological removal and recovery of nitrogen from wastewater, Biotechnology Advances, 43, 107570, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107570 Ramaswami, 2019, High-rate nitrification of saline wastewaters using fixed-bed reactors, Journal of Environmental Management, 243, 444, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.020 Ramli, 2018, Resistance and resilience of small-scale recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with or without algae to pH perturbation, PLoS ONE, 13, 1 Ramli, 2018, Effects of Stigeoclonium nanum, a freshwater periphytic microalga on water quality in a small-scale recirculating aquaculture system, Aquaculture Research, 49, 3529, 10.1111/are.13818 Ray, 2017, Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production and stable isotope dynamics in clear-water recirculating aquaculture systems versus biofloc systems, Aquaculture Research, 48, 4390, 10.1111/are.13262 van Rijn, 2013, Waste treatment in recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 53, 49, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.11.010 Roalkvam, 2020, Comparison of active biofilm carriers and commercially available inoculum for activation of biofilters in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), Aquaculture, 514, 734480, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734480 Rojas-tirado, 2019, Microbial dynamics in RAS water : Effects of adding acetate as a biodegradable carbon-source, Aquacultural Engineering, 84, 106, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.12.010 Rojas-tirado, 2017, Bacterial activity dynamics in the water phase during start-up of recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 78, 24, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.09.004 Rud, 2017, Deep-sequencing of the bacterial microbiota in commercial-scale recirculating and semi-closed aquaculture systems for Atlantic salmon post-smolt production, Aquacultural Engineering, 78, 50, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.10.003 Rufí-Salís, 2020, Can wastewater feed cities? Determining the feasibility and environmental burdens of struvite recovery and reuse for urban regions, The Science of the Total Environment, 737, 139783, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139783 Ruiz, 2019, Overview and future perspectives of nitrifying bacteria on biofilters for recirculating aquaculture systems, Reviews in Aquaculture, 1 Rurangwa, 2015, Microorganisms in recirculating aquaculture systems and their management, Reviews in Aquaculture, 7, 117, 10.1111/raq.12057 Schroeder, 2015, Impact of ozonation and residual ozone-produced oxidants on the nitrification performance of moving-bed biofilters from marine recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquacultural Engineering, 65, 27, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.10.008 Shao, 2019, Action of oxytetracycline (OTC) degrading bacterium and its application in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) for aquaculture wastewater pre- treatment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 171, 833, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.040 Shitu, 2021, Enhancement of mariculture wastewater treatment using moving bed biofilm reactors filled with modified biocarriers : Characterisation , process performance and microbial community evaluation, Journal of Environmental Management, 291, 112724, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112724 Shitu, 2020, Performance of novel sponge biocarrier in MBBR treating recirculating aquaculture systems wastewater: Microbial community and kinetic study, Journal of Environmental Management, 275, 111264, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111264 Sikora, 2018, The possibility of application of agglomerate elastomers (EPP) as media for biological bed in aquaculture, Aquaculture Research, 49, 2988, 10.1111/are.13758 Song, 2020, Effects of hydraulic retention time and influent nitrate-n concentration on nitrogen removal and the microbial community of an aerobic denitrification reactor treating recirculating marine aquaculture system effluent, Water, 12, 1 Sonwani, 2019, A novel comparative study of modified carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for the treatment of wastewater: Process optimization and kinetic study, Bioresource Technology, 281, 335, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.121 Spiliotopoulou, 2018, Ozonation control and effects of ozone on water quality in recirculating aquaculture systems, Water Research, 133, 289, 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.032 Stavrakidis-Zachou, 2019, Development of denitrification in semi-automated moving bed biofilm reactors operated in a marine recirculating aquaculture system, Aquaculture International, 1 Steinberg, 2018, Start-up of recirculating aquaculture systems: How do water exchange rates influence pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and water composition ?, Aquacultural Engineering, 83, 151, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.10.006 Stein, 2016, The nitrogen cycle, Current Biology, 26, R94, 10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.021 Summerfelt, 2015, Effects of alkalinity on ammonia removal, carbon dioxide stripping, and system pH in semi-commercial scale water recirculating aquaculture systems operated with moving bed bioreactors, Aquacultural Engineering, 65, 46, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.11.002 Suurnäkki, 2020, The effect of peracetic acid on microbial community, water quality, nitrification and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) performance in recirculating aquaculture systems, Aquaculture, 516, 734534, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734534 Suzuki, 2003, Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: Towards zero emission, Aquacultural Engineering, 29, 165, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.08.001 Tang, 2016, Essential factors of an integrated moving bed biofilm reactor – membrane bioreactor : Adhesion characteristics and microbial community of the biofilm, Bioresource Technology, 211, 574, 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.136 Tanveer, 2020, Mathematical model for goldfish recirculating aquaculture system (GRAS), Aquacultural Engineering, 90, 102092, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2020.102092 Torno, 2018, Nitrate has a low impact on performance parameters and health status of on-growing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared in RAS, Aquaculture, 489, 21, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.043 Torno, 2018, Impact of hydraulic retention time, back flushing intervals, and C/N ratio on the SID-reactor denitrification performance in marine RAS, Aquaculture, 496, 112, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.07.004 Villar-Navarro, 2021, Recycling “waste” nutrients back into RAS and FTS marine aquaculture facilities from the perspective of the circular economy, The Science of the Total Environment, 762, 143057, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143057 Wang, 2015, Effects of nitrate on metamorphosis , thyroid and iodothyronine deiodinases expression in Bufo gargarizans larvae, Chemosphere, 139, 402, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.037 Wang, 2020, Effect of salinity on mature wastewater treatment biofilm microbial community assembly and metabolite characteristics, The Science of the Total Environment, 711, 134437, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134437 Waqas, 2020, Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: A review, Journal of Environmental Management, 268, 110718, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110718 Xie, 2019, Exposure to nitrate alters the histopathology and gene expression in the liver of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles, Chemosphere, 217, 308, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.029 Yang, 2019, Effects of nitrate on aquaculture production, blood and histological markers and liver transcriptome of Oplegnathus punctatus, Aquaculture, 501, 387, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.11.048 Yogev, 2020, Potential environmental impact resulting from biased fish sampling in intensive aquaculture operations, The Science of the Total Environment, 707, 135630, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135630 Yogev, 2019, Reducing environmental impact of recirculating aquaculture systems by introducing a novel microaerophilic assimilation reactor : Modeling and proof of concept, Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 1042, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.003 Young, 2017, Low temperature MBBR nitrification : Microbiome analysis, Water Research, 111, 224, 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.050 Zhang, 2016, Effect of filling fraction on the performance of sponge-based moving bed biofilm reactor, Bioresource Technology, 219, 762, 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.031 Zhang, 2020, Acceleration of biofilm formation in start-up of sequencing batch biofilm reactor using carriers immobilized with Pseudomonas stutzeri strain XL-2, Bioresource Technology, 314, 123736, 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123736 Zhang, 2020, Performance and microbial communities of different biofilm membrane bioreactors with pre-anoxic tanks treating mariculture wastewater, Bioresource Technology, 295, 122302, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122302 Zhang, 2019, A sustainable bio-carrier medium for wastewater treatment: Modified basalt fiber, Journal of Cleaner Production, 225, 472, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.333 Zhao, 2019, Insights into biofilm carriers for biological wastewater treatment processes: Current state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities, Bioresource Technology, 288, 121619, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121619 Zheng, 2019, Enhanced nitrogen removal of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm reactor for treating mainstream wastewater under low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, Bioresource Technology, 283, 213, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.148 Zhu, 2020, Enhancement of pollutants removal from saline wastewater through simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) process with glycine betaine addition, Bioresource Technology, 315, 123784, 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123784 Zhu, 2016, The effects of different seeding ratios on nitrification performance and biofilm formation in marine recirculating aquaculture system biofilter, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 14540, 10.1007/s11356-016-6609-1 Zinatizadeh, 2015, Simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal from wastewater at different operating conditions in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR): Process modeling and optimization, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 53, 98, 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.02.034