Tiến bộ gần đây trong các hydrogel sinh học cho sụn khớp: Đặc tính tribological và cơ học

Mohammad Javan Almasi1, Dangsheng Xiong1
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

Tóm tắt

Sự tái sinh và sửa chữa sụn được coi là những thách thức lâm sàng vì sụn có khả năng tái tạo hạn chế. Mặc dù các vật liệu kỹ thuật mô có khả năng repair sụn, nhưng chúng có đặc điểm cơ học yếu và không thể chống chịu được tải trọng kéo dài. Mặt khác, phẫu thuật thay thế khớp thường được thực hiện để điều trị sự suy giảm sụn nghiêm trọng trong thời gian gần đây. Tuy nhiên, các vật liệu đang được sử dụng để thay thế có hệ số ma sát cao, thiếu chức năng hấp thụ sốc và không có khả năng đệm. Nghiên cứu sâu hơn về cấu trúc và chức năng của sụn khớp tự nhiên có thể dẫn đến các hydrogel sinh học, có các đặc tính vật lý hóa học và sinh học phù hợp (ví dụ: đặc tính tribological và cơ học cũng như khả năng chịu tải), nhưng cần phải cải thiện. Dựa trên các đặc tính tribological và cơ học của chúng, bài đánh giá hiện tại làm nổi bật những tiến bộ mới nhất của các hydrogel sinh học được sử dụng cho sụn khớp, nhấn mạnh cả sự phát triển gần đây của lĩnh vực này và tiềm năng cho các nghiên cứu trong tương lai. Vì lý do này, trước tiên, một số phương pháp cải thiện tính chất quan trọng của các hydrogel sinh học được thảo luận, và sau đó, những phát hiện gần đây từ nhiều nghiên cứu về việc chế tạo các vật liệu sinh học đó được cung cấp và so sánh. Có vẻ như bằng cách sử dụng một số cải tiến như thiết kế sản phẩm, xử lý bề mặt, thử nghiệm trên động vật, kiểm soát điểm điện tĩnh của hydrogel và mô phỏng máy tính, các đặc tính cơ học và tribological mong muốn của sụn khớp tự nhiên có thể đạt được thông qua các hydrogel sinh học.

Từ khóa

#Sụn khớp #Hydrogel sinh học #Tái sinh sụn #Đặc tính tribological #Đặc tính cơ học

Tài liệu tham khảo

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